CBSE Class 10 Social Science The Story of Development Worksheet Set A

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Chapter 1 The Story of Development Very Short Answer Questions

Question. Help Mala know which data is included to measure Human Development Report?
Answer- a. Literacy rate
b. Life expectancy
c. Per capita income

Question. What Raman’s BMI indicate if his age is 14 years 8 months and his BMI is 15.2?
Answer- He is undernourished

Question. Help Malani to know which criteria is used to compare countries.
Answer- Per capita income

Question. Do think Mr. Ramakant should join a company which gives him high salary but no respect and safe working environment.
Answer- No, because safety and respect are also equally important.

Question. Give one reason why per capita income is not a good criterion for measuring development.
Answer- Because per capita income can give wrong data in countries with high population.

Question. Help Madhav get appropriate word for the following -
‘Average number of years a person is expected to live at birth’?
Answer- Life expectancy

Question. Give one example to show that ‘Conflicting goals can also be developmental goals’.
Answer- A girl expects as much freedom and opportunity as her brother and that he also shares in the household work. Her brother may not like this.

Question. Explain Yahsir why “Average income is an important criterion for development.”
Answer - (i) Average income gives us an idea what an average person is likely to get out of the total national income.
(ii) Average income is used to classify the countries into rich, poor or developing nations.
(iii) Average income is used to make economic policies.

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Chapter 1 The Story of Development Short Answer Questions

Question. What are the main criteria used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any? 
Answer: Per capita income is the main criteria used by World Bank.
Limitations of per capita income:
- It enables to show how income is distributed among the people of the country.
- Cost of pollution is not considered in this average.
- Some other important aspects like infant mortality rate, literacy rate, net attendance ratio etc. are not considered while calculating per capita income.

Question. Explain the important aspects of our lives that are important than income. 
Answer: 1. Besides higher income, people also want to seek other important non-material things.
2. For instance people want to have equal treatment, freedom, security, respect in the society, tension-free life, affectionate behavior and they dislike discrimination.
3. All these are important non-material goals.

Question. Explain the goals of different persons may sometime be conflicting.
Answer: 1. It is possible that two different categories of people may seek things which are conflicting to each other.
2. For instance a new generation girl would like to have as much freedom as her brother and expects that her brother should also share in the households.
3. Similarly workers in a factory are interested in higher wages and more facilities.

Question. What is the main concern with regard to sustainable development? 
Answer: 1. The main concern of the sustainable development is to save the resources from its depletion.
2. Development should take place but not at the cost of environment.
3. Resources should be reserved for future generations.

Question. Mention in brief the factors which are important goals in our life. 
Answer: 1. People desire regular work, good salary structure and decent prices for crops or other
products that they produce. We can say that the desired for more income.
2. People also want equal treatment in the society.
3. People want freedom, security and respect for others.
4. They don’t expect discrimination.

Question. What is per capita income? Mention any two limitations of per capita income as an indicator of development. 
Answer: The total income of a country divided by its total population gives the Per Capita Income. Money cannot buy all the goods and services that are needed to live well. So income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use. For example, money can not buy a pollution-free environment or ensure that one gets unadulterated medicines, unless one can afford to shift to a community that already has all these things.

Question. Kerala, with lower per capita income, has a better human development ranking than Punjab. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare States. Do you agree?Discuss
Answer: Per capita income is not a useful criterion at all to measure the human development ranking of a state. High per capita income is not the only attribute to a good quality life. Money cannot buy all the essential things required for a good life. Pollution-free atmosphere to ensure good health, protection from infectious diseases, lowering of mortality rate, promotion of literacy, etc. are essential for a good standard of living. In order to achieve these, joint efforts have to be made by all members of a community, be it rich or poor. Kerala ranks higher compared to Punjab even with a lower per capita income because— 1. mortality rate is lower 2. literacy rate is higher and 3. total number of children attending school (Classes I-V) is higher.

Question. On the basis of which three indicators of HDI 2004 Sri Lanka has better rank than India?
Answer: Three indicators of HDI 2004 in which Sri Lanka has better rank than India: 1. Per capita income—The per capita income of Sri Lanka in US dollars was 4,390 US dollars while that of India was 3,139 US dollars.
2. Life expectancy at birth—The life expectancy at birth for Sri Lanka was 74, higher than that of India at 64.
3. Gross enrolment ratio for three levels—Sri Lanka had Gross Enrolment ratio of 69 while that of India was 60.

Question. ‘Conflicting goals can also be developmental goals’. Elaborate with examples.
Answer: All persons do not have the same notion of development or progress. Each one of them seeks different things. The seek things that are most important for them, i.e., that which can fulfil their aspirations or desires. In fact at times two persons or groups of persons may seek things which are conflicting.
A girl expects as much freedom and opportunity as her brother and that he also shares in the household work. Her brother may not like this. To get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams. But this may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced, such as tribals. They might resent this and may prefer small check dams or tanks to irrigate their land.

Question. What are common developmental goals? Give any two suitable examples of common developmental goals. 
Answer: There are certain goals which are the same or common for all. These are common developmental goals. The developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but also about other important things in life. More income or more material goods do not always give us a good quality life. There are other aspects such as equal treatment, freedom, security, opportunity to learn, good working conditions, pollution-free atmosphere, job security and good social life which are very important for a good quality life. Money or material things that one can buy with it, is one factor on which our life depends. But quality of our life also depends on non-material things, for example, the role of our friends in our life which cannot be measured but mean a lot to us.

Question. “Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live well” Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer with any three suitable arguments.
  Answer: Yes, I agree with the statement because money income and material goods alone are not an adequate indicator of a good quality of life. Money cannot buy all the goods and services one needs to live well.
● Money cannot buy a pollution free and dean environment with fresh air.
● It cannot protect us from infectious diseases and guarantee good health for us.
● Money cannot assure that medicines available in the market are not adulterated. To live well one needs non-material factors such as equal treatment, freedom, security, equal opportunity to learn, a pollution free environment, good and safe working conditions etc.

Question. Apart from income, which other six things people look for as important aspects of our lives?
Answer: High per capita income is not the only attribute to a good quality life. Money cannot buy all the essential things required for a good life. Pollution-free atmosphere to ensure good health, protection from infectious diseases, lowering of mortality rate, promotion of literacy, job security, good working conditions, etc. are essential for a good standard of living.

Question. One what basis the rich and low income countries have been categorized in the world? What are the limitations of this approach? According to the World Development Report, 2006, India comes in which category? Give reason for the same. 
Answer: The World Bank uses average income or per capita income as a criterion for classifying different countries. Countries with per capita income of ?4,53,000 per annum and above (in the year 2004) are called rich countries and those with per capita income of ?37,000 or less are called low income countries (India comes under low income countries; the per capita income in India is ?28,000 per annum). Those falling in between ₹37,000 – ₹4,53,000 are placed in the middle category. Limitations of this criterion.
1. While averages are useful for comparison, they also hide disparities. Two countries may have identical average income, but one country may have equitable distribution where people are neither very rich nor very poor, while in the other country most citizens are very poor and very few are extremely rich,
2. Better income cannot ensure a good quality life. Criterion set by the World Bank has ignored certain attributes of a good life which do not depend on income or cannot be . bought with money. Example, freedom, equal treatment, equal opportunities, free atmosphere, provision of unadulterated medicines, etc.

Question. Why do people look at a mix of goals for development? Explain.
Answer: Though income is one of the most important components of development, but there are other important goals which people look at for development—
1. People also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security and respect.
2. Women need a safe and secure environment to take up a variety of jobs or to run businesses as entrepreneurs.
3. People seek a pollution free environment.
4. Students seek better education and equal opportunities to learn.

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Chapter 1 The Story of Development  Long Answer Questions 

Question. Why do different persons have different notions of development? Which of the following explanations is more important and why? (a) Because people are different. (b) Because life situations of persons are different.
Answer: The correct explanation is ‘Because life situations of persons are different.’ Developmental goals are different for different categories of people because of their different aspirations. Aspirations are based on their needs. At times people may have conflicting developmental goals also. What may be development for one may not be development for another. It may even be destructive for the other. Example, Industrialists may want construction of more dams for more electricity, but this may lead to displacement of tribals who live in those areas and thereby disrupt their lives. Example, The inhabitants of Nandigram in West Bengal are mainly agriculturists and their aspirations are to see development in the field of agriculture, whereas to some it may appear that industrial advancement is more necessary for national development. Question

Question. What does HDI stand for? Explain the main criteria of measuring HDI according to UNDP Report of 1990. 
Answer: HDI Stand for Human Development Index. Main criteria of measuring HDI:
1. HDI published by UNDP compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita income.
2. HDI determines the rank of a country by its overall achievement in three areas, i.e., life expectancy, educational level and per capita income.
3. Many improvements have been suggested in calculating HDI and many new components have been added to Human Development Report.
4. Pre-fixing Human to Development, it has made it clear that what is important in development is what is happening to citizens of a country, i.e., the health and well being of the people is most important.

Question. Explain with examples that there are other important development goals also besides income. 
Answer: More income or more material goods do not always give us a good quality life. There are other aspects such as equal treatment, freedom, security, opportunity to learn, good working conditions, pollution-free atmosphere, job security and good social life which are very important for a good quality life. Money or material things that one can buy with it, is one factor on which our life depends. But quality of our life also depends on non-material things, for example, the role of our friends in our life which cannot be measured but mean a lot to us. Another example, if we get a job in a far off place, before accepting it we would try consider many factors apart from income such as facilities for our family, working atmosphere, or opportunity to learn. Similarly, for development, people look at a mix of goals. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women there would be more sharing of house work and greater acceptance of women. The developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but also about other important things in life.

Question. Explain any five fields other than income where development is needed. 
Answer: Fields other than income where development is needed:
1. Education. The government must provide adequate education facilities in all rural and urban areas. The government must necessarily focus on education for girls so that all girls are able to acquire atleast secondary level schooling. Running proper schools and providing quality education, particularly elementary education, is the duty of the Government.
2. Health. Basic health care facilities are a must for all. Establishment of government hospitals, clinics and dispensaries, especially in rural areas, to provide subsidized and unadulterated medicines to the poorer sections of society.
 3. Nutrition. An effective Public Distribution System—proper functioning of ration shops and equitable distribution of foodgrains is very essential.
4. Transportation. A well developed public transport system to make it easy for general public to commute.
5. Electricity. It is the duty of the government to provide electricity and water at reasonable rates to the common man and prevent him from exploitation by private companies.

Question. Explain with reasons why state of Punjab with a very high per capita income has a low literacy rate.
Answer: Per capita income is not a useful criterion at all to measure the human development ranking of a state. High per capita income is not the only attribute to a good quality life. Money cannot buy all the essential things required for a good life. This can be seen in the case of Punjab which has a very high per capita income but a low literacy rate. Having money in one’s pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that we need to live well. Money cannot ensure education and literacy. Another reason for low literacy rate in Punjab could be the lack of free and compulsory educational facilities. The government needs to open more schools and provide other facilities so that all children have a chance to study. Pollution-free atmosphere to ensure good health, protection from infectious diseases, lowering of mortality rate, promotion of literacy, etc. are essential for a good standard of living. In order to achieve these, joint efforts have to be made by all members of a community, be it rich or poor.

Question. Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India.
What could be the other possibilities fifty years from now? 
Answer: The present sources of energy that are used by the people of India are electricity, coal, crude oil, cow dung and solar energy. At present, consumption of energy in India is too high in comparison to its production and reserves. India's known reserves of oil are expected to last about 30-40 years only. So, therefore, other possibilities fifty years from now could include ethanol, bio-diesel, nuclear energy and better utilisation of wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, hydrogen energy, tidal energy, wave energy, hydroelectric energy and biomass energy especially with the imminent danger of oil resources running out.

Question. What is meant by development? Tell us about the two indicators of development. 
Answer: 1. National Income: The level of national income indicates the level of development of a country. National income is the value of all the final goods and services produced in a country during a year and the income coming from abroad.
2. Per Capita income: Per capita income is the indicator of the income of all the citizens of a country: When national income is divided by total population of the country, we get Per Capita income.

Question. ‘Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to lie well.’ Explain. 
Answer: 1. Money or material things that one can buy with it are one factor on which our life depends. But the quality of life also depends upon non-material things like equal treatment, security, freedom, security.
2. Money cannot buy pollution free environment, unadulterated medicines, peace.
3. There are many facilities like schools, colleges, parks, hospitals which people cannot afford.
4. Money cannot buy love affection respect for us and for others.
5. Money possessed by an individual even cannot provide us a type of government which takes decisions for the welfare of common people.

Question. Define Per Capita income? What are the limitations of the per capita income criteria of development? 
Answer: 1. Per capita income is income of per person. When national income is divided with the population of the country, we get per capita income.
2. Per capita income criteria take into account only the economic aspect of life and ignore the social aspect of life.
3. Per Capita income criteria ignore education, health, life expectancy, sanitation etc.
4. Per capita income criteria also ignore non material things like peace, pollution free environment, democracy etc.
5. Punjab has higher per capita income as compared to Kerala but it has been ranked lower on Human Development Index because it is far behind than Kerala in literacy rate and has higher infant mortality rate than Kerala.

Question. What are the efforts and achievements made by the government of India after independence in the field of health?
Answer: 
1. Efforts have been made to overcome the nutritional problems and considerable progress has been achieved.
2. In the plan –period, the mortality rate declined to nearly 9 per thousand and infant mortality has come down to 70 per thousand live births.
3. Small pox has been completely eradicated and other disease malaria, leprosy, tuberculosis etc. have been controlled.
4. A number of hospitals have been set up by Government and free ambulance service is given to people.
5. Special attention is being given to the extension of health facilities in the village. Free medical facilities are given to poor people.