CBSE Class 10 Geography Manufacturing Industries Worksheet Set A

Question. Tools, implements, fertilisers, tractors, etc. are supplied by
(a) government
(b) industry
(c) people
(d) none of these
Answer : B

Question. Which country has the largest installed capacity of spindles in the world?
(a) Japan
(b) Philippines
(c) China
(d) India
Answer : C

Question. The industries which have heavy types of raw material are called
(a) light industries
(b) consumer industry
(c) Key industry
(d) none of these
Answer : D

Question. Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer etc?
(a) Steel
(b) Electronic
(c) Aluminium smelting
(d) Information technology
Answer : B

Question. Which is the only industry in India which is self-reliant?
(a) Textile industry
(b) Iron and steel
(c) Electrical
(d) Petrochemicals
Answer : A

Question. Manufacturing provides job opportunities to reduce dependence on agriculture. Identify which sector the following jobs belong to:

(a) 1 (i) 2 (ii) 3 (iii)
(b) 1 (iii) 2 (i) 3 (ii)
(c) 2 (i) 1 (ii) 3 (iii)
(d) 3 (i) 2 (ii) 3 (iii)

Answer : B

Question. Molasses are used to make
(a) rum
(b) rubber
(c) ethanol
(d) all of the above
Answer : A

Question. Which one of the following organizations is responsible for the marketing steel for the Public Sector Undertakings?
(a) TISCO
(b) IISCO
(c) BHEL
(d) SAIL
Answer : D

Match the items of column A with that of Column B

(a) (i) a, (ii) b (iii) c (iv) d (v) e
(b) (i) d (ii) e (iii) b (iv) a (v) c
(c) (i) c, (ii) d (iii) b (iv)a (v) e
(c) (i) d, (ii) e (iii) c (iv) b (v) e

Answer : B

Very Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries 

Question : How does manufacturing help in earning foreign exchange?
Answer : Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in much needed foreign exchange.

Question : What are agglomeration economies?
Answer : Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centers known as agglomeration economies.

Question : What are consumer industries?
Answer : Consumer industries are the industries that produce goods for direct use by consumers. Example , sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing, machines etc.

Question : Give one difference between public and private sectors.
Answer : Public sector is owned and operated by government agencies eg BHEL and the industries of the private sector are owned and operated by individuals or a group of individual TISCO.

Question : What are the main problems faced by cotton textile industries?
Answer : Power supply is erratic; machinery needs to be upgraded, low output of labour and stiff competition with the synthetic fibre industry.

Question : Suggest any one way to increase the income of Indian industrial workers.
Answer : Better employment benefit- paid leave, PF, Medical etc.

Question : Classify industries on the basis of source of raw materials.
Answer : (I) Agro based industries.
(II) Mineral based industries.

Question : How is iron ore transported from Kudremukh mines to a port near Mangaluru?
Answer : Iron ore is transported as slurry through pipelines.

Question : How did the ‘Bailadila' Iron ore field get its name?
Answer : The Bailadila hills look like the hump of an ox, hence the Bailadila name given to the iron ore field.

Question : Name the mineral which is used to harden steel during manufacturing.
Answer : Manganese.

Very Short Answer Type Questions :

Question : Write any two physical factors that affect location of industries.
Answer: The factors are
a. Availability of raw materials.
b. Power resources
c. Favorable climate. (Any Two)

Question : Write any two human inputs that control location of industries.
Answer: Human inputs that control location of industries are:
1. Labour 2. Market 3. Transport facilities. (Any two)

Question : Name two most important sugar producing states of India.
Answer: Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.

Question : Cotton textile industry has close links with agriculture. Explain.
Answer: The industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers, cotton bull pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging,tailoring and sewing.

Read the data in the table given below and answer the questions that follow:

Source: Ministry of Steel, Government of India 

Question : Compare the 2015-2016 and 2019-2020 data and give any one reason for the reduction of production of steel in 2019-2020. 
Answer.
(i) High costs
(ii) Limited availability of coking coal
(iii) Lower productivity of labour
(iv) Irregular supply of energy
(v) Any other relevant point
(Any one point)

Question : Why is production and consumption of steel considered as an index of a country’s development? 
Answer:
(i) The steel products are used as a raw material in different industries.
(ii) It is required for export.
(iii) It provides machinery for ensuring country’s growth.
(iv) Any other relevant point.
(Any one point)

Question : What are various types of industrial pollution.
Answer:
1. Air pollution.
2. River water pollution.
3. Underground water pollution.
4. Noise pollution. 5. Soil pollution

Short Answer Type Questions 

Question : Why has the ‘Chhotanagpur Plateau Region’ the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries? Analyze the reasons.
Answer: 1) Low cost of iron ore is available.
2) High grade raw material is in proximity.
3) Cheap labour.
4) Vast growth potential in the home market.

Question : Classify industries on the basis of source of raw material. How are they different from each other?
Answer: A. Agro based industries
B. Mineral based industries
These industries are different from each other on following basis-
A. Agro based industries –
1) Draws their raw materials from agricultural products
2) Eg: Textiles – Cotton, Jute, Silk and Woolen.
Rubber, Sugar, Coffee, Tea and Edible Oil etc.
B. Mineral based industries –
1) Draws their raw materials from Minerals
2) Eg:- Iron and Steel , Cement , Machine tools , Petro chemicals etc

Question : Suggest any three steps to minimize the environmental degradation caused by the industrial development in India.
Answer: Every liter of waste water discharged by our industry pollutes eight times the quantity of fresh water.
1) Minimizing use of water for processing by Reusing and Recycling it in two or more successive stages.
2) Harvesting of rain water to meet water requirements.
3) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
4) Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic
precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
5) Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
6) Machinery and equipments can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
7) Almost all machineries can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise.

Question : Analyse the role of the manufacturing sector in the economic development of India.
Answer: i. Manufacturing industries not only help in modernizing agriculture but also reduces the heavy
dependence of people on agriculture income.
ii. Eradication of Unemployment and poverty.
iii. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
iv. Countries that transform their raw material into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous.

Question : Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries. Justify the statement.
Answer: 1. The increase in pollution of land water, air, noise and resulting in degradation of environment cannot be overlooked.
2. Pollution of river waters effects all as most of the rivers passes through different states.
3. Air pollution caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases adversely affects human health and atmosphere as a whole.
4. Thermal pollution of river water effect the aquatic life irrespective of state and national boundaries.

Question : Describe the importance of manufacturing industries as a backbone of economic development of the country.
Answer: 1. Help in modernising agriculture
2. Eradication of unemployment and poverty
3. Expands trade and commerce
4. Brings foreign exchange
5. Transform their raw materials also a wide variety of finished goods.
6. Increase standard of living and PCI
7. Self Sufficiency

Question : Describe the role of industries in the development of agriculture.
Answer: 1. Provides Agricultural tools & machines
2. Increase agricultural & industrial production
3. Mechanisation of agriculture
4. Eradication of unemployment
5. Self Sufficiency is occurred

Question : Why are we not able to perform to our full potential in the iron and steel industry? Explain any three reasons.
                                                    OR
Describe the three major problems faced by iron and steel industry in India.
                                                    OR
Explain any three problems faced by Iron and Steel Industry in India.
Answer: Though India is an important producer of iron and steel, we are not able to perform to our full potential because of the following reasons:
• High cost and limited availability of coking coal.
• Labour engaged in production has low productivity.
• Irregular supply of electricity add up to its problems of production.
• Technological development in iron and steel industries is less.
• Resource allocation for research and development in production of steel are comparatively very less.

Question : Explain three phases in which treatment of industrial effluents can be done.
Answer: Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in the following ways:
• Primary treatment by mechanical means like screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
• Secondary treatment by biological process.
• Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. Recycling of water is also included in the tertiary treatment.

Question : How is land degraded by industries? Explain any two methods to control land degradation caused by industries.
Answer: Industries degrade the land in the following ways:
• Wastes like glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage makes the soil useless.
• Mineral processing like grinding limestone for cement industry generates huge amount of dust that settles down on land. It makes land unfit for cultivation.
• Large scale deforestation for setting up production units turns land as wasteland.
• Construction of roads, housing complexes also degrades land.
The following are the methods that can control land degradation caused by industries.
• Control on mining and quarrying activities.
• Proper discharge of industrial waste and effluents.

Question : Why is there a tendency for the sugar mills to concentrate in the southern and western states of India? Explain any three reasons.
Answer: In recent years, there is a tendency among the sugar mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra because of the following reasons:
• The sugarcane produced here has a higher sucrose content, thus yields greater quantity of sugar.
• The cooler climate here ensures longer crusting season as it prevents drying of cane.
• Sugar mills are best suited for the cooperatives that are more successful in these states.

Question : Classify industries into two categories on the basis of source of raw material used. Mention two features of each category.
Answer: On the basis of sources of raw material used, industries are classified into:
• Agro based industries: These are dependent on raw material produced in the agricultural sector. These industries are labour intensive.
• Mineral based: These industries produce goods which are used in other industries. These industries are capital intensive.

Question : Why was cotton textile industry concentrated in the cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat in the early years? Explain any three reasons.
                                                           OR
State the reasons for the location of Cotton Textile Mills in Maharashtra and Gujarat.
Answer: The cotton textile industry was mainly concentrated in the cotton growing areas because of the following reasons:
• Abundant availability of raw cotton due to favourable climate and presence of black soil.
• Huge market for cotton textile in and around Mumbai.
• Well-developed means of transport including the port facilities in Mumbai.
• Cheap labour from the adjoining areas.
• Mild and moist climate is favourable for spinning the cotton yarn.

Question : Explain with examples how industries have given a boost to agriculture.
Answer: The economic strength of the country depends upon the development of manufacturing industries. Manufacturing industries give major boost to agriculture in the following ways.
• Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, but also reduces the dependence of people on agricultural income by providing jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
• Agro industries boost agriculture by increasing its productivity. They depend on raw materials from agricultural sector.
• The industries sell their products like irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, machines and tools to the farmers. The manufacturing industries thus make production process efficient.
• Industries boost agriculture by transporting the goods produced to various markets.

Question : Explain any three characteristics of the chemical industry of India.
Answer: The characteristics of chemical industries of India are as follows:
• Chemical industries in India are fast growing and diversifying.
• It contributes 3% of GDP approximately.
• It is 3rd largest in Asia and occupies the 12th place in the world in the terms of size.
• It contains both large scale and small scale manufacturing units.
• There has been a rapid growth in the manufacture of organic and inorganic chemicals.
• Inorganic chemical industry is more widespread while organic chemical industry is located near oil refineries or petro-chemical plants.

Question : How do industrial units pollute air in India? Explain any four points.
Answer: Industries cause different types of pollution—land, air and water.
• Air pollution is caused by the release of undesirable gases and smoke like sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide.
• Air-borne particulate materials like dust, sprays, mist and smoke cause air pollution.
• Smoke is emitted from chemical and paper mills, brick kilns, refineries, smelting plants.
• Burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories which do not follow pollution norms. Toxic gas leaks can be very hazardous with long-term effects.
• Air pollution adversely affects human health, plants and animals. In human beings, air pollution can cause respiratory problems. Smog in the atmosphere cause respiratory problems.

Question : Classify industries on the basis of capital investment. How are they different from one another? Explain with examples.
Answer: On the basis of capital investment, the industries are classified into small scale industry and large scale industry.
• The maximum investment in small scale industry is upto Rs. 1 crore, e.g., toy industry.
• If the investment is more than one crore rupees, then it is known as large scale industry, e.g., iron and steel industry.

Question : Why is iron and steel industry called the basic industry? Explain any three reasons.
Answer: Iron and steel industry is called the basic industry because:
• All other industries – heavy medium and light, depend on it for their machinery.
• Steel is needed to manufacture engineering goods, construction material, defence, medical, telephonic scientific equipments and a number of other consumer goods.
• Production and consumption of steel is regarded as the index of country’s development.
Today with 32.8 million tons of steel production, India ranks 9th among the world under steel producers.

Question : How does textile industry occupy a unique position in Indian economy? Explain giving any three points.
Answer: Textile industry occupies a unique position in the Indian economy because:
• It contributes 14% of industrial production.
• It has generated employment to 35 million people directly which is the second largest next to agriculture.
• It has contributed to 24.6% of foreign exchange earnings.
• It contributes to 4% of GDP.
• It is the only industry in Indian which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain i.e., from raw material to the highest value added products.

Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries 

Question : What is manufacturing? Give four examples of manufacturing. 

Answer : 
a) Processing of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing. 
b) Paper manufactured from wood, sugar from sugarcane, iron and steel from iron ore and aluminium from bauxite. 

Question : What are secondary activities? Give four examples.
Answer :  I) People employed in the secondary activities manufacture the primary materials into finished goods. 
II) The workers employed in steel factories, car, breweries, textile industries, bakeries etc. 

Question : How are industries classified on the basis of the bulk and weight of raw materials and finished goods? 
Answer :  1) Heavy industries such as iron and steel.
2) Light industries- industries that use light raw materials and produce light goods such as electrical industries.

Question :Why does the textile industry occupy a unique position in the Indian economy?
Answer : 1) It contributes significantly to industrial production (14%).
2) Contributes to employment generation (35 million persons- directly- the second largest after agriculture)
3) Source of foreign exchange earnings. (About 24.6%)
4) It contributes 4% towards GDP.
5) It is the only industry in the country, which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain i.e. from raw material to the highest value added products.

Question : Give reasons why the cotton textile industry was concentrated in Maharashtraand Gujarat in the early years.
Answer : I) Availability of raw cotton II) Market III) Transport including accessible port facilities IV) Labour V) Climate

Question : Name the country that buys Indian yarn. Also name the four other cotton goods importing countries. 
Answer : 1. India exports yarn to Japan.
2. Cotton importing countries- USA, UK, Russia, France, East European countries, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka etc.

Question : What is the major drawback for the cotton textile industry in India? State itsresult.
Answer :  A) The weaving, knitting and processing units cannot use much of the high quality yarn that is produced in the country.
B) There are some large and modern factories in these segments, but most of the production is in fragmented small units, which cater to the local market. This is mismatch is a major drawback for the industry.
C) Result: - many of our spinners export cotton yarn while apparel/garment manufacturers have to import fabric.

Question : What are the problems of cotton textile industry?
Answer :  a) India has made a significant increase in the production of good quality long staple cotton but the need to import is still felt.
b) Power supply is erratic
c) Machinery needs to be upgraded in the weaving and processing sector.
d) Other problems- low output of labour and stiff competition with the synthetic fibre industry.

Question : When and where was the first jute mill set up in India? What was the major challenge jute industry faced after partition in 1947?
Answer :  a) First jute mill was set up near Kolkata in 1859 at Rishra.
b) The jute mills remained in India but three-fourth of the producing area went to Bangladesh.

Question : Explain the factors responsible for location of jute industry in Hugli basin.
Answer :  a) Proximity of the jute producing areas
b) In expensive water transport
c) Support by a good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw material to the mills
d) Cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh.

Question : What are the challenges faced by the jute industry?
Answer :  I) Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes.
II) Competition from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazi l, Philippines, Egypt & Thailand.

Long Questions for Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries

Question : Classify industry on the basis of the following: (With two points in each)
A) On the basis of capital investment     B) On the basis of ownership
Answer :  A) On the basis capital investment:
i) Small Scale industry: A small-scale industry is defined with reference to the maximum investment allowed on the assets of a unit. This limit at present has changed over a period of time. At present the maximum investment allowed is rupees one crore.
ii) Large Scale industry: If investment is more than one crore on any industry then it is known as a large-scale industry.
B) On the basis ownership:
i) Public Sector industry: Public sector, owned and operated by govt. agencies.
Examples- BHEL, SAIL etc.
ii) Private Sector industry: Private sector industries owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals. Examples- TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd. Dabur Industries.
iii) Joint Sector industry: Joint sector industries which are jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. Example- Oil India Ltd. (OIL) is jointly owned by public and private sector.
iv) Cooperative Sector industry: Cooperative sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. They pool in the resources and share the profits or losses. Example- Sugar industry in Maharashtra and the coir industry in Kerala.

Question : “Manufacturi ng sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular.” Justify the statement gi ving four examples.
Answer :  a) Manufacturing industries not only help in modernizing agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy.
b) They also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agriculture income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
c) Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
d) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
e) Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous. India‟s prosperity lies in increasing and di versifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.

Question : "Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other, they move hand in hand.‟ Explain the statement with three examples.
Answer :  I) The agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
II) They depend on the latter for raw materials and sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools to the farmers.
III) Development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only assisted agriculturalists in increasing their production but also made the production processes very efficient.

Question : Explain how our industry in the present day world of globalization will be able to compete in the international market.
Answer :  a) Industry needs to be more efficient and competitive.
b) Self-sufficiency alone is not enough. Our manufactured goods must be at par in quality with those in the international market. Only then, will we be able to compete in the international market.

Question : Explain the growth of industry and its contribution to the national economy.
Answer :  a) Over the last two decades, the share of manufacturing sector has stagnated at 17% of GDP-out of a total of 27% for the industry, which includes 10% for mining, quarrying, electricity and gas.
b) The trend of growth rate in manufacturing over the last decade has been around 7% per annum.
c) Since 2003, manufacturing is once again growing at the rate 9-10% per annum.
d) With appropriate policy interventions by the govt. and renewed efforts by the industry to improve productivity, economists predict that manufacturing can achieve its target over the next decade.

Question : Mention any four factors that influence the industrial location.
Answer :  i) Availability of raw material   ii) Labour    iii) Capital   iv) Power  v) Market

Question : Where were the industrial units located in the pre-independence period? Give two examples of such centres. Also state what emerged consequently around such centres?
Answer : .a) In the pre-independence period, most manufacturing units were located in places from the point of view of overseas trade.
b) Centres- Mumbai, Kolkata
c) Consequently, there emerged certain pockets of industrially developed urban centres surrounded by a huge agricultural rural hinterland.

Question : Name the four factors that influence the ideal location of a factory.
Answer : a) Cost of production at site
b) Cost of obtaining raw materials at site
c) Cost of distribution of production
d) Decision to locate factory at site

Question : Classify industries on the basis of the following: (With two points in each)
I) Source of raw material II) According to their main role
Answer : I) Source of raw material:
• Agro-based: Cotton, woollen, jute, silk textile, rubber and sugar, tea, coffee, edible oil etc.
• Mineral based: Iron and steel, cement, aluminium, machine tools, petrochemicals.
II) According to their main role:
a) Basic or key industries which supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods e.g. iron and steel and copper smelting, aluminium smelting.
b) Consumer industries that produce goods for direct use by consumers- sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, fans etc. each