CBSE Class 10 History Work Life And Leisure Worksheet Set A

TOPIC/CHAPTER: 6, WORK, LIFE & LEISURE

SUMMARY

Globalization, industrialization and urbanization are the symbols of modernization. The three historical processes like the rise of industrial capitalism, the establishment of colonial rule over large parts of the world and the development of democratic ideals have shaped modern cities. This chapter deals with contrasting experiences of the cities .The bridges, buildings, roads, new modes of transportation, industries attracted people, who migrated to cities in search of employment. However, many people did not find the job and many survived by vending and hawking on the streets living in chawls or crowded tenements. Thus the chapter focuses on such contrasting experiences of two cities.

a) London

b) Bombay

LONDON

→ QUESTIONS 

1 Can you mention a few characteristics of ancient cities or towns?

Ans:

1. Ancient cities like Ur, Nippur, and Mohenjo-Daro were large in scale.

2. These cities were centres of a wide range of political power, administrative network, trade and industry, religious institutions and intellectual activity
and supported various social groups such as artisans, merchants and priests.

3. Cities themselves can vary greatly in size and complexity. They can be densely settled modern-day metropolises, which combine political and economic functions for an entire region or they can be smaller urban centres with limited functions.

2 Which process changed the characteristics of present cities or towns?

Ans:

1. The rise of industrial capitalism.

2. The establishment of colonial rule over large parts of the world.

3. The developments of democratic ideals.

3 What has led to the large scale migration of rural people to cities like Leeds and Manchester in the late eighteenth century?

Ans: Establishment of textile mills.

4 Give an account of the industrial activities in the city of London in 19th Century.

OR Examine the opinion of the historian Gareth Stedman Jones about the city of London.

OR “Inspite of not having large factories, the city of London was a powerful magnet for migrant population” .How? Explain.

5 “Crime became an object of widespread concern in London”. Why? ( Page 129)

6 What were the changes that took place in the work available to women in London in late18th and early 19th and 20th Centuries? Point out factors responsible for this change?

Ans: Pg; 129-130

7 Narrate the information you could draw from the writings of Henry Mayhew on crime in London by the end of 19th century and state the steps taken b the Govt. to check crime.
In the mid-nineteenth century, Henry Mayhew wrote about London labour, and compiled long lists of those who made a living from crime.

1. He listed many of them as ‘criminals’ who were in fact poor people lived by stealing lead from roofs, food from shops, lumps of coal, and clothes drying on hedges.

2. There were others who were more skilled at their trade, expert at their jobs. They were the cheats and tricksters, pickpockets and petty thieves crowding the streets of London.
Steps taken:

3. a. In an attempt to discipline the population, the authorities imposed high penalties for crime

b. offered work to those who were considered the ‘deserving poor’.

8 What led to the emergence of Tenements in London? ( page 130)

Ans: Large scale migration of workers who were not given house facilities by their owners.

9 What do you understand from the writings of Charles Booth about the poor living condition of workers in 19th century London?
Ans:

1. He found that as many as 1 million Londoners were very poor and were expected to live only up to an average age of 29 compared to that of 55 among the gentry and the middle class.

2. These poor people were more than likely to die in a workhouse, hospital or lunatic asylum.

3. Charles concluded that 400,000 rooms needed to house its poorest citizens.

10 “Larger and larger people began to recognize the need for housing for the poor “Explain OR ‘Well- off Londoners supported the need to build housing for the poor in the nineteenth century’. Why? (Page 131)

11 Discuss the variety of steps taken to clean up or decongest London.

Cleaning Of London

 

1. The function and the shape of family completely transformed due to the change in the city life.

2. Ties between members of household weakened.

3. Women of the upper and middle class faced the problem of isolation, although their lives were made easy by domestic servants who worked for them.

4. Women from the lower social classes had some control over their lives as they worked for wages. (There was a feeling among the social reformers that women must be pushed back home in order to prevent the breakup of families.)

5. The public space was mainly a male preserve. It was a shocking in equality. After the Chartist movement (a movement demanding the vote for all adult males) women came to participate in political movement for suffrage and the right to vote.

15 What were the forms of entertainment came up in 19th Century England to provide leisure activities for the people?

OR Describe in FOUR points the Social changes in the city of London with respect to entertainment and leisure of the people due to industrialization. 

16 Why a large city population in 19th century London was seen as a threat and an opportunity?

OR Do you agree or disagree that the process of Urbanization in the city of London provided more disappointments than opportunities. Give three reasons in support of your answer. [The students can take either of the stand ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ for the statement]

‘Yes’ I agree that the process of urbanization of the city of London provided more disappointments than opportunities.

1.As the city of London attracted more migrants from villages in search of work it was also faced with a number of problems:

2. As London grew, crime flourished. There were many poor people who made a living from crime.

3. With technological development many women who were employed earlier in industries lost their jobs. Many of them were forced to work as domestic servants.

4. The migrant workers were put up in cheap and usually unsafe tenements as the factory owners did not provide any housing facilities. It led to growth of slums and unsanitary conditions created problems of health.

5. Large number of children were pushed into low paid work.

6. Smoky and unsafe work place and factories.

7. Poor workers riots in London for betterment of poverty condition .(any three points to support the statement) OR

No, I disagree…

1.As industrialization spread the city of London began to expand and appeared to be a city of opportunity and hope to many workers form villages who migrated in search of jobs

2.The city provided a variety of jobs like small clerks, artisans, shopkeeper, semi skilled workers, soldiers, servants, casual labourers, street sellers, etc.

3. Five major types of industries such as clothing, wood and furniture, metals and engineering, printing and stationary, precision products such as watches employed workers in large numbers.

4. By the time of the first world war, the automobile and the electrical goods industries expanded and accounted for nearly 1/3 of all the jobs in the city. (any three points to disagree to the statement)

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