CBSE Class 9 Social Science Climate Chapter Notes Set B

Download CBSE Class 9 Social Science Climate Chapter Notes Set B in PDF format. All Revision notes for Class 9 Social Science have been designed as per the latest syllabus and updated chapters given in your textbook for Social Science in Class 9. Our teachers have designed these concept notes for the benefit of Class 9 students. You should use these chapter wise notes for revision on daily basis. These study notes can also be used for learning each chapter and its important and difficult topics or revision just before your exams to help you get better scores in upcoming examinations, You can also use Printable notes for Class 9 Social Science for faster revision of difficult topics and get higher rank. After reading these notes also refer to MCQ questions for Class 9 Social Science given on studiestoday

Revision Notes for Class 9 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter 4 Climate

Class 9 Social Science students should refer to the following concepts and notes for Contemporary India Chapter 4 Climate in Class 9. These exam notes for Class 9 Social Science will be very useful for upcoming class tests and examinations and help you to score good marks

Contemporary India Chapter 4 Climate Notes Class 9 Social Science

Climate
• General weather conditions over a period of thirty years period is said to be the climate of a place.
• Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point of time.
• Temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity and precipitation are elements of weather and climate.
• Generalised monthly atmospheric conditions determine the basis on which the year is divided into the seasons — summer, winter or rainy.
• India has a monsoon type of climate.
• Monsoon is basically a seasonal reversal in the wind through the year.
• There is huge difference in temperature from one region to another.
• Form of precipitation, its amount and distribution also differ from one part of India to another.
• Coastal areas observe lesser difference in temperature conditions. It is the interior of India that experiences temperature contrasts.
• Decrease in rainfall is seen from east to west in the Northern Plains. All this influences diversity in professions, food, dress and houses of people.

ClimatiControls
• The interplay of latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, pressure and wind system, ocean currents and relief features determine climatic conditions of a place.

Factors Affecting IndiaClimate
• Latitude, altitude and pressure and winds affect Indian climate.
• The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country from the Rann of Kuchchh to Mizoram.
• Air temperature generally decreases from equator to poles.
• Temperature and air pressure decreases as on moves from surface of the earth to higher altitudes.
• The Himalayas prevent the cold winds from central Asia from entering the subcontinent.
• The climate and associated weather conditions in India are governed by various atmospheric conditions namely pressure and surface winds, upper air circulation, western cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclones.
• The sea exerts a moderating influence on climate.People far away from sea experience extreme weather conditions. This is known as ‘continentality’.
• Ocean currents also affect the climate of the coastal areas.
• An apparent force caused by the earth’s rotation is the Coriolis Force.
• The wind direction changes as per the season. They are from north east to south wet in winter whereas completely reverse in summer bringing moisture.
• Jet streams are narrow belts of high-altitude (above 12,000 m) westerly winds in the troposphere.
• The western cyclonic disturbances are weather phenomena of the winter months, brought in by the westerly flow from the Mediterranean region.

The Indian Monsoon
• The climate of India is strongly influenced by monsoon winds.
• The Arab traders who noticed these winds named it as monsoon.

Following facts are important to understand mechanism monsoons –

1. The differential heating and cooling of land and water.
2. The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a broad trough of low pressure in equatorial latitudes where the northeast and the southeast trade winds converge.
3. The presence of the high pressure area, east of Madagascar.
4. The intense heating of Tibetan plateau during summer.
5. The movement of the westerly jet stream to the north of the Himalayas and the presence of of the tropical easterly jet stream over the Indian peninsula during summer.
• Apart from his changes in the pressure conditions over the southern oceans also affect monsoon.
• The periodic change in pressure conditions known as ‘Southern Oscillation’ or SO affects monsoon too.
• El Nino is a warm ocean current that flows past the Peruvian coast in place of the cold Peruvian current, every 2 to 5 years.

The Onset of the Monsoon and Withdrawal
• The monsoon are pulsating winds affected by different atmospheric conditions encountered by it, on its way over the warm tropical seas.
• Monsoon arrives at the southern tip of the Indian peninsula generally by first week of June.
• Sudden increase and continuation of the monsoon for several days is called as ‘burst’.
• The Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal branches of the monsoon merge over the north western part of the Ganga plains.
• The withdrawal or the retreat of the monsoon is a more gradual process which begins in the northwestern states of India by early September.
• The retreating monsoon or the transition season sees the change from hot rainy season to dry winter conditions.
• The low pressure conditions over northwestern India get transferred to the Bay of Bengal by early November causing cyclonic depressions originating over the Andaman Sea.

Distribution of Rainfall
• Owing to the nature of monsoons, the annual rainfall is highly variable from year to year.
• Areas of high rainfall are liable to be affected by floods while areas of low rainfall are drought prone.

ThSeasons
• Four main seasons can be identified in India — the cold weather season, the hot weather season, the advancing monsoon and the retreating monsoon with some regional variations.
• In the cold weather season the northeast trade winds prevail over India. Days are warm and nights are cold.
• Frost is common in the north and the higher slopes of the Himalayas experience snowfall.
• The summer months experience rising temperature and falling air pressure in the northern parts of the country.
• A striking feature of the hot weather season are strong, gusty, hot, dry winds blowing during the day over the north and northwestern India called loo.
• In the advancing monsoon, i.e. the rainy season, the north-western region of the country receives the maximum rainfall.
• The dust storms in northern India are common.
• The localised thunderstorms, associated with violent winds, torrential downpours, often accompanied by hail. In west Bengal they are known as ‘Kaal Baisakhi’.
• From June onwards the monsoon occupies most of the Indian Peninsula and central part within a month.
• Monsoon has ‘breaks’ in rainfall, thus it has wet and dry spells.
• The alternation of dry and wet spells vary in intensity, frequency and duration causing heavy floods in one part and droughts in the others.
• By the beginning of October the monsoon withdraws from Northern plains.
• The conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive during the day and is called as October heat.
• Rainfall in India ranges from 400 cm in western coast and northeastern India to 60 cm in Western Rajasthan and adjoining area.

Monsooas a Unifying Bond
• The dependence of farmers on rain, a change in seasonal cycle, variance in temperature, the needs of humans, plants and animals, festival dates etc., all depend on monsoon in India. In this way monsoon is a unifying bond for Indians.

CBSE Class 9 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter 4 Climate Notes

We hope you liked the above notes for topic Contemporary India Chapter 4 Climate which has been designed as per the latest syllabus for Class 9 Social Science released by CBSE. Students of Class 9 should download and practice the above notes for Class 9 Social Science regularly. All revision notes have been designed for Social Science by referring to the most important topics which the students should learn to get better marks in examinations. Our team of expert teachers have referred to the NCERT book for Class 9 Social Science to design the Social Science Class 9 notes. After reading the notes which have been developed as per the latest books also refer to the NCERT solutions for Class 9 Social Science provided by our teachers. We have also provided a lot of MCQ questions for Class 9 Social Science in the notes so that you can learn the concepts and also solve questions relating to the topics. We have also provided a lot of Worksheets for Class 9 Social Science which you can use to further make yourself stronger in Social Science.

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