CBSE Class 12 English Question Paper 2025 Solved Code 1-1-1

SECTION A

READING SKILLS

1. Read the following passage carefully : [12 Marks]

(1) Marketing is all about creativity and expression, so it must be an art, right? Not necessarily. While marketers once relied purely on instinct, they now rely on data-driven insights. On top of that, cutting-edge technologies and analytics have shifted the focus of marketing farther toward the science side of the spectrum. Armed with so much data, marketers can now track the impact of money spent on their bottom line.
(2) In today's world, the best approach to marketing combines both disciplines. And there's a distinct balance to the craft - a strategic mix of interpersonal empathy and tactical analysis. Neither side of the mix can be isolated or ignored, or the results will not be encouraging. Psychologists believe the brain is separated into two distinct functions : the left-brain and the right-brain. The right side of the brain is responsible for creative thinking and artistic intuition.
(3) As an art, marketing is all about understanding the nuances of human behaviour and determining how to make an emotional connection with the customer. More importantly, some level of art is needed to create brand standards for your company, including the logo, messaging, and overall visual identity for a brand.
(4) Right-brained marketers focus on the creative - the copy, graphics and emotions tied to the message. The science side of marketing tells us to let the data guide what strategies will be most effective. Marketers are now reporting the need for digital-first expertise including digital proficiency, data analysis, and data science. With science, marketers adopt an outcome-centric mindset that helps them curate smarter campaigns. Over the past few years, there has been an evolving prioritization on data-savvy talent. In 2020 and beyond, brands will need to focus on recruiting talent that can understand the complexities of AI and machine technologies.
(5) But when we reflect on earlier times, marketing was defined as the predominance of traditional advertising, like television, newspaper, and direct mail. Today, it ropes in digital channels, social media, mobile devices, and integrated, complex campaigns. And just as consumers today are more tech-savvy, employees should be able to match - and exceed - their expertise. It's important that brands continue to prioritize creative, engaging campaign messages while also focusing on key insights and performance metrics for optimal results.

Answer the following questions, based on the passage above :

(i) According to paragraph 1, how does the author describe the evolution of marketing ? [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Marketing has evolved from relying purely on instinct to being driven by data.
2. It now depends on data-driven insights, technology and analytics, which have made it more scientific.

Teacher's Note:
a) Show the change clearly: earlier instinct, now data and science.
b) Any two relevant points from paragraph 1 earn full marks (1+1).

(ii) Choose ONE of the following statements that aptly reflects the point of view of the writer. [1 Mark]
(a) In the field of marketing, there is a conflict between Art and Science.
(b) Art and Science should work in tandem to do effective marketing.

Answer: (b) Art and Science should work in tandem to do effective marketing.

Teacher's Note:
a) Paragraph 2 says the best approach to marketing combines both disciplines.
b) The writer never presents art and science as being in conflict.

(iii) Provide ONE textual evidence with reference to paragraph 3 to support that marketing is an art. [1 Mark]

Answer: Marketing is an art because it is all about understanding the nuances of human behaviour and determining how to make an emotional connection with the customer.

Teacher's Note:
a) Another acceptable evidence: some art is needed to create brand standards like the logo, messaging and visual identity.
b) Give only one evidence, as the question asks for ONE.

(iv) Based on the passage, assess the way data and digital platforms have transformed the field of marketing and employment. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Marketing data helps marketers track the impact of money spent and frame effective strategies.
2. Marketers now need digital-first expertise, including digital proficiency, data analysis and data science, so data-savvy talent is preferred in employment.

Teacher's Note:
a) Cover both aspects asked: marketing and employment.
b) Marketing through digital channels, social media and mobile devices is also an acceptable point.

(v) ___ cutting-edge technologies and analytics have shifted the focus of marketing. (Para 1)
By 'cutting-edge technologies', the writer refers to ___. [1 Mark]

Answer: state-of-the-art or latest technology, such as AI and machine technologies.

Teacher's Note:
a) Accepted answers include latest, upgraded or state-of-the-art technology, or technology with new features.
b) "Cutting-edge" means the most advanced stage of development.

(vi) Complete the analogy with ONE word from paragraph 2 :
included : incorporated : ___ : secluded [1 Mark]
(A) approach
(B) empathy
(C) isolated
(D) intuition

Answer: (C) isolated

Teacher's Note:
a) "Included" and "incorporated" are synonyms, so the missing word must be a synonym of "secluded".
b) "Isolated" appears in paragraph 2: "Neither side of the mix can be isolated or ignored".

(vii) 'Marketing is all about understanding the nuances of human behaviour. (Para 3)
The writer uses the word 'nuances' to denote [1 Mark]
(A) man's appreciation for art.
(B) man's preference for branded clothes.
(C) the complexities of human character.
(D) human inclination for analytical approach.

Answer: (C) the complexities of human character.

Teacher's Note:
a) "Nuances" means subtle differences or fine details.
b) Here it refers to the subtle, complex ways in which people behave.

(viii) Complete the following based on your understanding of the above passage :
According to the writer, modern marketing is built on both ___ and ___. [1 Mark]

Answer: Science and Art (interpersonal empathy and tactical analysis).

Teacher's Note:
a) Either pair, "science and art" or "interpersonal empathy and tactical analysis", is accepted.
b) Both blanks must be filled for the mark.

(ix) '___ exceed their expertise'. (Para 5)
With reference to paragraph 5, what skills do you think the employees should possess to match the demand of the consumers ? [1 Mark]

Answer: Employees should have tech-expertise to match and exceed the consumers' expertise, along with the skill to draft creative, engaging campaign messages and focus on key insights and performance metrics.

Teacher's Note:
a) The blank is filled with "match - and" from paragraph 5.
b) Any one skill such as tech-expertise or creativity earns the mark.

(x) What fascinating fact about the human brain is revealed by the writer in the above passage. [1 Mark]

Answer: The brain is separated into two distinct functions, the left-brain and the right-brain, and the right side is responsible for creative thinking and artistic intuition.

Teacher's Note:
a) Any one of the two facts from paragraph 2 is enough.
b) Mention that psychologists hold this belief.

2. Case Study : Tourism in India [10 Marks]

(1) Introduction : India, with its rich cultural heritage, diverse landscapes, and historical sites, attracts millions of tourists each year. Tourism significantly contributes to India's GDP, generating employment and boosting infrastructure. This case study explores factors impacting tourism in India, examines seasonal patterns, and assesses tourist satisfaction through a survey.
(2) Methodology : The study involved primary data collection through a structured survey targeting 500 tourists across major destinations like Delhi, Jaipur, Goa and Kerala. Additionally, secondary data from government reports and tourism boards were used. The survey included questions about preferences, challenges and satisfaction levels, focusing on various demographics, including international and domestic tourists.
(3) Survey Examination : Tourists were surveyed on travel preferences, challenges encountered, accommodation satisfaction and cultural experiences. Feedback highlighted India's appeal due to its history and cultural diversity, but also noted issues like infrastructure gaps and pollution.
(4) Results : The study found that most tourists preferred historical sites and beaches. International tourists were drawn to heritage sites, while domestic tourists preferred nature destinations. Satisfaction was high among tourists who experienced local culture, but infrastructure issues and overcrowding at key locations were common complaints. Overall, 85% of tourists expressed a desire to revisit.

Answer the following questions, based on the given passage :

(i) Complete the following suitably.
In the introduction, the researcher links tourism to India's GDP to highlight ___. [1 Mark]

Answer: its contribution to the growth of the Indian economy by generating employment and boosting infrastructure.

Teacher's Note:
a) Either point, economic growth or impact on employment and infrastructure, earns the mark.
b) The answer is found in the Introduction (paragraph 1).

(ii) What would the following be classified as ?
The study involved primary data collection through a structured survey
Select the appropriate response. [1 Mark]
(A) Primary purpose
(B) Secondary objective
(C) Method of analysis
(D) Research outcome

Answer: (C) Method of analysis

Teacher's Note:
a) The sentence appears under "Methodology", which describes how the study was done.
b) It is neither a purpose nor a result of the study.

(iii) Give two points to support why the study involved primary data and secondary data. [2 Marks]

Answer:
1. Primary data: to directly involve 500 tourists across major destinations and learn about their preferences, challenges and satisfaction levels.
2. Secondary data: data from government reports and tourism boards was used to verify and support the findings of the primary data.

Teacher's Note:
a) Give one point for primary data and one for secondary data.
b) Covering various demographics, international and domestic, is also acceptable.

(iv) Paragraph 3 includes words - 'preferences' and 'challenges'.
Classify the following sentences as 'preference' or 'challenge' :
Sentence 1 : Feedback highlighted India's appeal due to its history and cultural diversity.
Sentence 2 : Also noted issues like infrastructure gaps and pollution. [2 Marks]

Answer:
Sentence 1: preference - it shows what attracts tourists to India.
Sentence 2: challenge - it shows the problems tourists faced.

Teacher's Note:
a) "Appeal" shows what tourists like, so it is a preference.
b) "Issues" shows problems faced, so it is a challenge.

(v) List any two points tourists were asked about in the survey. [1 Mark]

Answer: Travel preferences and challenges encountered.

Teacher's Note:
a) Other acceptable points: accommodation satisfaction and cultural experiences.
b) Each correct point carries half a mark.

(vi) What were the more preferred destinations ? [1 Mark]

Answer: Historical or heritage sites and beaches were the more preferred destinations.

Teacher's Note:
a) Nature destinations (preferred by domestic tourists) are also accepted.
b) The answer is in the Results (paragraph 4).

(vii) Analyse why though there was satisfaction among tourists, there were some complaints. [1 Mark]

Answer: Tourists enjoyed the local culture, but infrastructure gaps and overcrowding at key locations caused complaints.

Teacher's Note:
a) Any one reason such as overcrowding, lack of resources, infrastructure gaps or pollution is enough.
b) Link the complaint to a problem named in the passage.

(viii) What is the ultimate goal for stakeholders, based on the insights from the study ? [1 Mark]
(A) tourists expressed a desire to revisit.
(B) tourist will visit historical sites.
(C) domestic tourism will increase.
(D) to promote India as a tourist destination.

Answer: (D) to promote India as a tourist destination.

Teacher's Note:
a) A "goal" is a future aim, while option (A) is only a finding of the study.
b) All the insights help stakeholders promote India as a tourist destination.

SECTION B

CREATIVE WRITING SKILLS

3. Attempt ANY ONE of the two (A) or (B) in about 50 words : [4 Marks]

(A) Your school is organizing an Education Fair in the school premises. As the Head boy / Head girl of Sunshine Public School, Agra, draft a notice informing students of Classes IX - XII about the fair. Include other necessary details. You are Muskan / Manoj. Put your notice in a box. [4 Marks]

Answer:
SUNSHINE PUBLIC SCHOOL, AGRA
NOTICE
10 March 2025

EDUCATION FAIR

All students of Classes IX - XII are informed that the school is organising an Education Fair on 20 March 2025, from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m., in the school auditorium. Leading colleges and universities will set up stalls. Career counselling, information on admissions, courses and stream-wise opportunities will be provided. For details, contact the undersigned.

Muskan
Head Girl

Teacher's Note:
a) Format (1 mark): name of school, NOTICE, date, heading, name and designation, all enclosed in a box.
b) Content must give what, when, where, for whom and whom to contact.
c) Keep it to about 50 words and write in a formal tone.

OR

(B) Your school is organising an inter-house 'Maths Quiz' Competition. As president of the Quiz Club, draft a notice informing students of Classes IX - XII about the competition. Include necessary details regarding the number of participants, registration date, etc. You are Akila / Akhil. Put your notice in a box. [4 Marks]

Answer:
XYZ SCHOOL, DELHI
QUIZ CLUB
NOTICE
10 March 2025

INTER-HOUSE MATHS QUIZ COMPETITION

The Quiz Club is organising an inter-house Maths Quiz Competition for students of Classes IX - XII on 22 March 2025, from 10 a.m. onwards, in the school auditorium. Each house may send a team of three participants. Names must be submitted to the undersigned by 17 March 2025. Exciting prizes await the winners.

Akhil
President, Quiz Club

Teacher's Note:
a) Include event, date, time, venue, classes, number of participants and last date of registration.
b) Write the notice inside a box with the issuing authority at the top.
c) Marks: Format 1, Content 2, Expression 1.

4. Attempt ANY ONE of the two (A) or (B) in about 50 words : [4 Marks]

(A) You are Mr. Abhishek Sharma. You are planning to celebrate your parents' 50^th wedding anniversary in a grand manner. Draft a formal invitation card for your friends and relatives. Mention all necessary details. [4 Marks]

Answer:
Mr. Abhishek Sharma
requests the pleasure of your company
at the Golden Jubilee celebration of the wedding anniversary
of his parents
Mr. Ramesh Sharma and Mrs. Sushila Sharma
on Sunday, 16 March 2025
at 7:00 p.m.
at Hotel Grand Palace, Civil Lines, Jaipur
Dinner to follow

RSVP
Abhishek Sharma
Phone: 98XXXXXX10

Teacher's Note:
a) A formal invitation is written in the third person and placed in a box.
b) Include host, standard expression, occasion, parents' names, day, date, time, venue and RSVP.
c) Do not use a salutation or signature as in a letter.

OR

(B) You are Mrs. Sonali Gupta, a nutritionist. You are invited by the Principal of Radiant Public School, Jammu to address the students on 'Forming Healthy Food Habits'. Write a formal letter of reply accepting the invitation. [4 Marks]

Answer:
12, Gandhi Nagar
Jammu

10 March 2025

The Principal
Radiant Public School
Jammu

Subject: Acceptance of invitation to address students

Dear Sir/Madam,

Thank you for inviting me to address your students on 'Forming Healthy Food Habits' on 20 March 2025 at 10 a.m. in the school auditorium. I am pleased to accept the invitation. I shall share practical tips on balanced diets and avoiding junk food.

Yours sincerely,
Sonali Gupta
Nutritionist

Teacher's Note:
a) Express thanks, acknowledge the event with date, time and venue, and clearly accept.
b) Follow the formal letter format: address, date, receiver, subject, salutation, close and name.
c) Keep the reply short, about 50 words in the body.

5. Attempt ANY ONE of the two, (A) or (B) in 120-150 words : [5 Marks]

(A) You are Radhika / Rakesh of 43, J.N. Colony, Cochin. You read the given advertisement and wish to apply for the post advertised. Write a job application along with your bio-data :
EduNet Innovations
requires
Marketing Executive
Qualifications - Graduation in Commerce with Post Graduation in Marketing, Advertising, Business or Economics.
Skills required - Strong communication, presentation and interpersonal skills. Proficient in software and data analysis. Detail oriented and understanding of product field.
Experience - Min. 2 years in similar field.
Apply with detailed bio-data to The General Manager, EduNet Innovations, 46 Rose Avenue, Bangalore [5 Marks]

Answer:
43, J.N. Colony
Cochin

10 March 2025

The General Manager
EduNet Innovations
46 Rose Avenue
Bangalore

Subject: Application for the post of Marketing Executive

Sir/Madam,

In response to your advertisement in The Hindu dated 5 March 2025, I wish to apply for the post of Marketing Executive. I hold the required qualifications and have over two years of experience in marketing. My detailed bio-data is enclosed for your consideration. I shall be available for an interview at your convenience.

Yours faithfully,
Radhika

BIO-DATA
Name: Radhika Menon
Date of Birth: 12 June 1996
Address: 43, J.N. Colony, Cochin
Phone: 94XXXXXX21
Qualifications: B.Com. (Kerala University, 2017); MBA in Marketing (2019)
Experience: Two and a half years as Marketing Associate, BrightPath Ed-Tech, Kochi
Skills: Strong communication, presentation and interpersonal skills; proficient in MS Office, Excel and data analysis tools; detail oriented
Achievements: Best Campaign Award, 2023
Hobbies: Reading, debating
References: 1. Dr. S. Nair, Professor, Kerala University 2. Mr. Ajay Thomas, Manager, BrightPath Ed-Tech

Teacher's Note:
a) The cover letter must refer to the advertisement, show suitability and offer candidature.
b) The bio-data should give personal details, qualifications, experience, skills and references.
c) Match your qualifications and skills to those listed in the advertisement.

OR

(B) You are Kirti / Keshav of 7, M.G. Road, Jhansi. You observe that students who come on a one day picnic to public parks leave plastic bottles and cans, littered all over the park. You are disturbed by the sight of this and write a letter to the editor of a national daily suggesting ways to inculcate civic sense among students. You may use some of the cues given along with your own ideas to draft the letter.
What is the role of parents and school in inculcating civic sense ?
Ways to sensitize students
- Involve them in community projects
- emphasize on civic responsibility
Demonstrate civic behaviour in daily routine [5 Marks]

Answer:
7, M.G. Road
Jhansi

10 March 2025

The Editor
The Times of India
New Delhi

Subject: Need to inculcate civic sense among students

Sir,

Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I wish to highlight the lack of civic sense among young students. Students who come on picnics to our public parks leave plastic bottles and cans littered all over. This spoils the beauty of the parks, harms plants and birds, and creates health hazards.

Parents and schools must play a key role in changing this attitude. Parents should demonstrate civic behaviour in their daily routine, as children learn by example. Schools should involve students in community projects such as cleanliness drives and tree plantation. Teachers must emphasise civic responsibility through talks and activities. Park authorities should also place more dustbins and fine offenders.

I hope this letter will draw the attention of all concerned.

Yours truly,
Keshav

Teacher's Note:
a) Cover the concern, how it shows, its consequences, the role of stakeholders and measures to be taken.
b) Format: sender's address, date, receiver's address, subject, salutation, complimentary close and name.
c) Use the cues given, but add your own ideas as well.

6. Attempt ANY ONE of the two, (A) or (B) in 120-150 words : [5 Marks]

(A) Children today are increasingly dependent on AI to help them complete their school tasks such as writing an article, answering questions, and making presentations. Therefore, they are unable to discover their own creative potential. However, AI can also be judiciously used for the benefit of the children.
Write an article on how Artificial Intelligence can be judiciously used for the benefit of students. You are Nirja of XII A. You may use the given cues along with your own ideas to draft the article.
how it helps in digital literacy.
how it enhances learning by giving real time feedback.
facilitates collaborative learning. [5 Marks]

Answer:
USING AI WISELY: A TOOL, NOT A CRUTCH
By Nirja, XII A

Artificial Intelligence has entered every classroom and home. Many students now use it to write articles and make presentations, and in doing so they lose the chance to think for themselves. Yet AI, used judiciously, can be a great help.

AI improves digital literacy, as students learn to search, evaluate and use digital tools. It can make one an independent learner by giving real time feedback on answers, pointing out errors and suggesting improvements. AI platforms also facilitate collaborative learning, allowing students to work together on projects from different places.

However, over-dependence kills curiosity and creativity. Students should use AI only to understand concepts, not to copy answers. They must cross-check information with textbooks and other reliable sources, and avoid plagiarism.

If we treat AI as a guide and not a substitute for our own effort, it can truly benefit every learner.

Teacher's Note:
a) Format (1 mark) is the title and byline.
b) Cover introduction, positives, negatives and suggestions for balanced use.
c) Use the given cues and keep within 120-150 words.

OR

(B) You are Chayan, student reporter of S.M. Public School, Bhopal. Your school celebrated the annual winter carnival where various stalls, games and shows were put up by students. Write a comprehensive report of the event in detail to be published in your school magazine. You may organize your report by following -
Who - What - When - Where - Why - How. [5 Marks]

Answer:
WINTER CARNIVAL SPREADS JOY AT S.M. PUBLIC SCHOOL
By Chayan, Student Reporter

Bhopal, 20 December 2024: S.M. Public School celebrated its annual Winter Carnival on its sports ground on Saturday, 14 December 2024. The carnival was inaugurated by the Chief Guest, the District Collector, in the presence of the Principal, teachers and parents.

Students of Classes VI - XII put up over thirty stalls selling food, handicrafts and eco-friendly products. Games like ring toss, lucky dip and a treasure hunt drew large crowds. A magic show, a dance performance and a live music band by the students entertained the visitors. The carnival was open to parents and the public.

The aim of the event was to develop teamwork, entrepreneurial skills and a festive spirit among students. The money raised was donated to a local orphanage.

The day ended with a vote of thanks by the Head Girl. It was a memorable and enjoyable event for all.

Teacher's Note:
a) Format (1 mark): heading, byline and place-date line.
b) Include day, date, venue, chief guest, activities, participation details and a suitable conclusion.
c) Write in the past tense and in reported (third person) style.

SECTION C

LITERATURE

7. Read the following extracts and answer the questions for ANY ONE of the given two (A) or (B) : [6 Marks]

(A)

It would be an exotic moment
without rush, without engines.
we would all be together
in a sudden strangeness
Fishermen in the cold sea
would not harm whales
and the man gathering salt
would look back at his hurt hands.
(Keeping Quiet)

(i) How according to the poet can we create this exotic moment ? [1 Mark]

Answer: We can create this exotic moment by keeping quiet and suspending all activity, so that we enjoy a moment of silence, stillness and self-reflection.

Teacher's Note:
a) Keywords: keeping quiet, stillness, introspection, not rushing.
b) Any one of these ideas earns the mark.

(ii) Choose the correct option :
The outcome of fisherman's activity led to the ___ (destruction / protection) of environment. [1 Mark]

Answer: destruction

Teacher's Note:
a) The line "would not harm whales" shows that fishermen normally harm marine life.
b) Write only the correct word from the bracket.

(iii) What is the common outcome of this exotic moment ? [1 Mark]
(A) No rush and no mechanization
(B) Men would be gathering salt.
(C) There would be a strangeness among warring nations.
(D) Fisherman will look at his hurt hands.

Answer: (A) No rush and no mechanization

Teacher's Note:
a) The first two lines say the moment would be "without rush, without engines".
b) Option (D) wrongly names the fisherman; it is the salt gatherer who looks at his hands.

(iv) Choose the correct option :
The tone of the poet is ___ (appealing / introspective) in the line "and the man gathering salt would look back at his hurt hands." [1 Mark]

Answer: introspective

Teacher's Note:
a) "Look back" suggests reflecting on the harm one has done to oneself.
b) Introspection is the central message of the poem.

(v) The poet uses the expression 'sudden strangeness' to suggest ___. [1 Mark]

Answer: the unusual and unique experience of universal peace, brotherhood and harmony when everyone is quiet together.

Teacher's Note:
a) Accepted answers: unusual experience, uniqueness of the experience, universal peace, brotherhood or harmony.
b) The strangeness comes from the rare absence of noise and activity.

(vi) Read the assertion and the reason below, with reference to the given extract :
Assertion : The poet advocates for taking a break to introspect the damage inflicted by man.
Reason : Introspection will make man's life better.
Choose the correct option regarding their relationship. [1 Mark]
(A) Both the Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation.
(B) Both the Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is correct explanation of the Assertion.
(C) The Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
(D) The Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.

Answer: (B) Both the Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is correct explanation of the Assertion.

Teacher's Note:
a) The poet wants a pause so that man can realise the harm he does to nature, others and himself.
b) This introspection is meant to make life better, so the Reason explains the Assertion.

OR

(B)

A thing of beauty is a joy forever
Its loveliness increases, it will never
pass into nothingness; but will keep
A bower quiet for us, and a sleep
Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing,
Therefore, on every morrow are we wreathing
A flowery band to bind us to the earth.
(A Thing of Beauty)

(i) By the phrase 'joy forever' the poet refers to things [1 Mark]
(A) that make people extremely happy.
(B) that are a feast to eyes.
(C) that are a constant source of happiness.
(D) that are beautiful but transient.

Answer: (C) that are a constant source of happiness.

Teacher's Note:
a) "Forever" points to happiness that never ends.
b) Option (D) is wrong, as the poet says beauty "will never pass into nothingness".

(ii) Choose the correct option :
By using the expression 'never pass into nothingness' the poet states that nature's beauty will create a ___ (lasting/temporary) impression on man's mind. [1 Mark]

Answer: lasting

Teacher's Note:
a) Beauty's loveliness increases and never fades, so its impression is lasting.
b) Write only the correct word from the bracket.

(iii) How does Keats make it evident that there is a link between man's wellness and nature's beauty ? [1 Mark]

Answer: Keats says that a thing of beauty keeps a quiet bower for us and gives a sleep full of sweet dreams, health and quiet breathing, showing its effect on man's physical, emotional and mental well-being.

Teacher's Note:
a) Quote "health, and quiet breathing" as evidence.
b) Link nature's beauty to sound sleep and good health.

(iv) Read the Assertion and the Reason below, with reference to the given extract :
Assertion : Keats states that man derives strength and inspiration from the beauty of nature.
Reason : Nature gives physical, emotional and mental solace to man.
Choose the correct option regarding their relationship. [1 Mark]
(A) Both the Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(B) Both the Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(C) The Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
(D) The Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.

Answer: (A) Both the Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

Teacher's Note:
a) Man draws strength from nature because it gives him solace in body and mind.
b) So the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

(v) Select one phrase from the extract which implies that man wants to continue his life on this earth despite innumerable problems. [1 Mark]

Answer: 'A flowery band to bind us to the earth'

Teacher's Note:
a) "On every morrow are we wreathing a flowery band" is also accepted.
b) Copy the phrase exactly from the extract within quotation marks.

(vi) Complete the following sentence :
'a sleep full of sweet dreams' implies ___. [1 Mark]

Answer: a sound, deep sleep, which reflects a peaceful, stress-free life and good health.

Teacher's Note:
a) Accepted answers: peaceful or calm life, sound or deep sleep, no stress, good health.
b) Keep the completion short and grammatically correct.

8. Read the following extracts and answer the questions for ANY ONE of the given two (A) or (B) : [4 Marks]

(A)

At midnight when the town slept in peace, the Dewan and his aged wife dragged the tiger to the car and shoved it into the seat. The Dewan himself drove the car straight to the forest where the Maharaja was hunting. When they reached the forest, the tiger launched its Satyagraha and refused to get out of the car. The Dewan was thoroughly exhausted in his efforts to haul the beast out of the car and push it down to the ground.
On the following day, the same old tiger wandered into the Maharaja's presence and stood as if in humble supplication, "Master, what do you command of me ?" It was with boundless joy that the Maharaja took careful aim at the beast. The tiger fell in a crumpled heap.
(The Tiger King)

(i) How did the Dewan manage to take the tiger to the forest ? [1 Mark]
(A) The Dewan conceded to the tiger's satyagraha.
(B) The Dewan pushed the tiger into the car and drove to the forest.
(C) The Dewan hauled the tiger into the tent.
(D) The Dewan persuaded the tiger into a humble supplication of the Maharaja.

Answer: (B) The Dewan pushed the tiger into the car and drove to the forest.

Teacher's Note:
a) The extract says the Dewan and his wife "shoved it into the seat" and he drove to the forest.
b) There is no mention of a tent in the extract.

(ii) Choose the correct option :
The attitude of the Dewan in the above extract can be described as ___ (negligent and reluctant / meek and servile) [1 Mark]

Answer: meek and servile

Teacher's Note:
a) The Dewan goes to great lengths at midnight to please the Maharaja.
b) He is obedient out of fear, not careless or unwilling.

(iii) Select one statement or expression from the extract that reflects the humorous writing style of the author. [1 Mark]

Answer: "the tiger launched its Satyagraha and refused to get out of the car"

Teacher's Note:
a) Other accepted lines: "stood as if in humble supplication, 'Master, what do you command of me?'" or "dragged the tiger to the car and shoved it into the seat".
b) The humour comes from giving human behaviour to an old, tame tiger.

(iv) State one reason for the 'boundless joy of the Maharaja'. [1 Mark]

Answer: The Maharaja had found his hundredth tiger and was thrilled at being close to fulfilling his vow.

Teacher's Note:
a) Also accepted: he was close to proving the prophecy of his death false.
b) Remember that the Maharaja had vowed to kill a hundred tigers.

OR

(B)

The rapid increase of human populations has left us battling with other species for limited resources, and the unmitigated burning of the fossil fuels has now created a blanket of carbon dioxide around the world, which is slowly but surely increasing the average global temperature.
Climate change is one of the most hotly contested environmental debates of our time. Will the west Antarctic ice sheet melt entirely ? Will the Gulf stream ocean current be disrupted ? Will be the end of the world as we know it ?
(Journey to the End of the Earth)

(i) List one way in which the increasing human population is affecting other species. [1 Mark]

Answer: Humans are battling with other species for limited resources.

Teacher's Note:
a) Also accepted: exploiting natural resources, or burning fossil fuels that cause climate change.
b) One way is enough for the mark.

(ii) Choose the correct option that best reflects the tone of the writer in the last line of the extract. [1 Mark]
(A) happy and excited
(B) encouraging and optimistic
(C) anxious and concerned
(D) spiteful and bitter

Answer: (C) anxious and concerned

Teacher's Note:
a) The series of worried questions about the end of the world shows anxiety.
b) There is no anger or bitterness in the tone.

(iii) Choose the correct option :
'unmitigated burning of fossil fuels' reflects the ___ (avaricious / furious) streak in man's nature. [1 Mark]

Answer: avaricious

Teacher's Note:
a) "Avaricious" means greedy, which explains unchecked use of resources.
b) "Unmitigated" means without any check or control.

(iv) In the above extract, what message is the author giving to mankind ? [1 Mark]

Answer: Mankind must check the burning of fossil fuels and take measures to control climate change by adopting a sustainable lifestyle.

Teacher's Note:
a) Also accepted: the author forewarns mankind about possible changes in Antarctica and the Gulf Stream.
b) Frame the message as an action mankind should take.

9. Read the following extracts and answer the questions for ANY ONE of the given two (A) or (B) : [6 Marks]

(A)

The next day both men got up in good season. The crofter was in a hurry to milk his cow, and the other man probably thought he should not stay in bed when the head of the house had gotten up. They left the cottage at the same time. The crofter locked the door and put the key in his pocket. The man with the rattraps said good bye and thank you, and thereupon each went his own way.
But half an hour later the rattrap peddler stood again before the door. He did not try to get in, however. He only went up to the window, smashed a pane, stuck in his hand, and got hold of the pouch with the thirty Kronor. He took the money and thrust it into his own pocket. Then he hung the leather pouch very carefully back in its place and went away.
(The Rattrap)

(i) Select the correct option from those given in brackets, to fill in the blank.
The behaviour of the peddler as described in the above extract is an act of ___. (deceit / obedience) [1 Mark]

Answer: deceit

Teacher's Note:
a) The peddler thanks the crofter and then returns to steal his money.
b) Write only the correct word from the bracket.

(ii) "Both men got up in good season". The author uses the expression 'good season' to denote that [1 Mark]
(A) They slept for a long time.
(B) They got up in a good mood.
(C) They got up early and timely.
(D) They got up hurriedly.

Answer: (C) They got up early and timely.

Teacher's Note:
a) "In good season" is an old expression meaning early or in good time.
b) The crofter had to get up early to milk his cow.

(iii) State the irony in the peddler's response. "The man with the rattraps said good bye and thank you". [1 Mark]

Answer: The peddler thanked the crofter politely, but half an hour later he returned to steal his thirty kronor, betraying the trust and hospitality of his host.

Teacher's Note:
a) Irony lies in the contrast between his polite words and his ungrateful action.
b) Mention the theft of the thirty kronor as evidence.

(iv) Choose the correct option :
The flaw in the peddler's character as reflected in the above extract is [1 Mark]
(A) He is jealous of rich people.
(B) He indulges in self-pity.
(C) He can rob his benefactor.
(D) He can sleep anywhere without any hesitation.

Answer: (C) He can rob his benefactor.

Teacher's Note:
a) The crofter had given him food, shelter and company, yet he stole from him.
b) A "benefactor" is a person who helps another.

(v) Complete the following sentence :
The role of cow in the crofter's life is ___. [1 Mark]

Answer: that it is his source of livelihood and income, important for his survival.

Teacher's Note:
a) The crofter earned his thirty kronor by selling the cow's milk to the creamery.
b) Any one idea (livelihood, income or survival) earns the mark.

(vi) Choose one instance from the above extract to show that peddler acted like a well mannered person. [1 Mark]

Answer: The peddler thought he should not stay in bed when the head of the house had got up.

Teacher's Note:
a) Also accepted: he said "good bye" and "thank you" to the crofter.
b) Pick the instance directly from the extract.

OR

(B)

"It takes longer to build a school." I say, embarrassed at having made a promise that was not meant. But promises like mine abound in every corner of his bleak world.
After months of knowing him, I ask him his name. 'Saheb-e-Alam', he announces. He does not know what it means. If he knew its meaning - lord of the universe - he would have a hard time believing it. Unaware of what his name represents, he roams the streets with his friends, an army of bare feet boys who appear like the morning birds and disappear at noon. Over the months, I have come to recognise each of them.
"Why aren't you wearing chappals ?" I ask one.
"My mother did not bring them down from the shelf." He answers simply.
"Even if she did he will throw them off," adds another who is wearing shoes that do not match.
(The Last Spring)

Select the option from those given in brackets, to fill in the blank.

(i) The intention of the speaker in the first line of the extract is one of ___. (clarification / confusion) [1 Mark]

Answer: clarification

Teacher's Note:
a) The author explains why the school she half-jokingly promised has not come up.
b) Write only the correct word from the bracket.

(ii) What is implied by the expression 'he would have a hard time believing it'. [1 Mark]
(A) Saheb is too innocent to believe everything.
(B) Saheb is living upto his name.
(C) Saheb's living condition is contrary to the meaning of his name.
(D) Saheb is not used to anyone calling his name.

Answer: (C) Saheb's living condition is contrary to the meaning of his name.

Teacher's Note:
a) "Lord of the universe" contrasts sharply with his life as a barefoot ragpicker.
b) This irony in his name is a key point in the lesson.

(iii) Select the correct option from those given in brackets to fill in the blank :
"Promises like mine abound in every corner of his bleak world."
The above statement of the speaker reveals the fact that people like Saheb are ___ (deluded / empowered) by such promises. [1 Mark]

Answer: deluded

Teacher's Note:
a) Promises that are never kept only give false hope.
b) "Deluded" means misled into believing something untrue.

(iv) State one reason for the boy was wearing shoes that did not match. [1 Mark]

Answer: Because of poverty, the boy was wearing shoes discarded by others.

Teacher's Note:
a) Either poverty or wearing discarded shoes earns the mark.
b) Keep the answer to one clear reason.

(v) The speaker describes Saheb's life as a 'bleak world' because [1 Mark]
(A) he lives in a house without electricity.
(B) his world is his friends.
(C) his life is devoid of hope.
(D) he belongs to the world of illiterates.

Answer: (C) his life is devoid of hope.

Teacher's Note:
a) "Bleak" means without hope or encouragement.
b) The other options are not stated in the extract.

(vi) "Why aren't you wearing chappals ?" I asked one. The conversation between the speaker and the boys reflects the ___ of the speaker. [1 Mark]

Answer: curiosity and concern

Teacher's Note:
a) Accepted answers: curiosity, inquisitiveness, sympathy or concern.
b) The author wants to understand the lives of the barefoot children.

10. Answer ANY FIVE of the following six questions in 40-50 words each : [5x2=10]

(i) What valid reason does Rudyard Kipling have to call an interview immoral ? (The Interview) [2 Marks]

Answer: Kipling considered an interview an invasion of privacy. He called it immoral, a crime and an assault on a person, which deserved punishment. His wife's diary records that their day was wrecked by two reporters from Boston, which shows how intrusive interviewers can be.

Teacher's Note:
a) Keywords: crime, assault, invasion of privacy.
b) Mention the Boston reporters as supporting evidence.

(ii) How was self-reliance intertwined with the Champaran incident ? (Indigo) [2 Marks]

Answer: Gandhiji's lawyer friends wanted C.F. Andrews to stay and help them. Gandhiji refused, saying that if their cause was just, they must rely on themselves and not on an Englishman. The victory in Champaran also made the peasants aware of their rights and taught them self-reliance and courage.

Teacher's Note:
a) The C.F. Andrews episode is the key evidence of self-reliance.
b) Link self-reliance to the peasants' new confidence.

(iii) "I've plenty of time. I'll learn it tomorrow. And now you see where we've come out." (The Last Lesson)
What does M. Hamel mean to convey through these lines ? [2 Marks]

Answer: M. Hamel expresses regret and remorse that the people of Alsace, including himself, kept putting off learning their language, taking it for granted. Because of this habit of procrastination, they lost the chance to learn French, and he feels helpless and grieved at this lost opportunity.

Teacher's Note:
a) Keyword: procrastination, putting off learning till tomorrow.
b) Note that M. Hamel blames himself too, not only the students and parents.

(iv) How can Earth play the role of a teacher according to Pablo Neruda ? (Keeping Quiet) [2 Marks]

Answer: Earth teaches us that life continues even when everything seems dead. In winter, the Earth appears still, but it comes alive again in spring. Similarly, a period of stillness and silence is not the end; it helps us gather strength from within and return with a renewed, better life.

Teacher's Note:
a) Keywords: stillness, regeneration, rejuvenation, strength from within.
b) Use the example of the Earth coming alive after apparent death.

(v) 'And such too is the grandeur of dooms'. How can 'grandeur of dooms' be impressive and inspiring according to Keats ? (A Thing of Beauty) [2 Marks]

Answer: By 'grandeur of dooms', Keats refers to the magnificent deeds and achievements of our noble ancestors. The lives, sacrifices and deaths of these great personalities are awe-inspiring. Remembering them fills us with admiration and gives us inspiration and strength to face life.

Teacher's Note:
a) Explain that "dooms" here means the fate or death of the mighty dead.
b) Link it to the idea that such things are also sources of beauty and joy.

(vi) "Christ, Sophie, you're still at school. (Going Places)
What image do you form of Geoff as a brother from the above context ? [2 Marks]

Answer: Geoff appears to be a caring and protective brother. He reminds Sophie that she is still a schoolgirl because he does not want her to get hurt or form false ideas about life and people. Though he is realistic, he never humiliates her.

Teacher's Note:
a) Keywords: caring, protective, practical.
b) Link his words to Sophie's unrealistic dream about Danny Casey.

11. Answer ANY TWO of the following three questions, in 40-50 words each : [2x2=4]

(i) Charlie's desperate attempt to find the third level reflects his frustration with the modern world. Substantiate the above statement with evidence from the story. (The Third Level) [2 Marks]

Answer: Charley's psychiatrist says he is unhappy because of the insecurity, fear, worry and war of the modern world. Charley longs for the peaceful life of Galesburg in 1894. He even exchanges his money for old-style currency to escape there, showing his deep wish to leave the present.

Teacher's Note:
a) Keywords: escapism, nostalgia, insecurity of modern life.
b) Sam's note from Galesburg is another acceptable piece of evidence.

(ii) 'Students on Ice Programme' proves Geoff Green's farsightedness. Explain with reference to the text of 'The Journey to the End of the Earth'. [2 Marks]

Answer: Geoff Green realised that students are impressionable and ready to absorb, learn and act. By taking high school students to Antarctica, he educates the future policy-makers, who can see climate change first-hand and bring about the required change.

Teacher's Note:
a) Keywords: impressionable students, future policy-makers, change makers.
b) Explain why taking young people, rather than older leaders, was farsighted.

(iii) 'You speak Peculiar Things.' Why does Derry find Mr. Lamb's conversation peculiar ? (On the Face of it) [2 Marks]

Answer: Derry finds Mr. Lamb's outlook on life unusual. Nobody had ever told him not to pay attention to everything others say or to value positive remarks. Mr. Lamb's real-life examples, like weeds being as good as flowers and the humming of bees, seem strange to him.

Teacher's Note:
a) Mention one example such as weeds or bees from the play.
b) Link the peculiarity to Mr. Lamb's positive attitude despite his tin leg.

12. Answer ANY ONE of the following two questions in 120-150 words : [5 Marks]

(A) How do the peddler from 'The Rattrap' and 'the office boy' from 'Poets and Pancakes' compare in terms of their frustration, status, and grudges against others. [5 Marks]

Answer:
Both the peddler and the office boy are disgruntled with their stations in life.

The peddler is a poor, homeless vagabond who sells rattraps and lives from hand to mouth. Society treats him badly, and he survives by begging and petty thievery. His frustration makes him think of the whole world as a rattrap, and he takes sadistic pleasure in imagining others as rats caught in it.

The office boy at Gemini Studios had come to the studio hoping to become an actor, director or story-writer, but ended up as an office boy. He is frustrated that his talent is ignored and undervalued, and he pours out his feelings to Asokamitran. He holds a grudge against Subbu, the No. 2, believing that Subbu rose because of his caste and his flattering nature.

Thus, both characters feel low in status, are bitter about their fate and blame others for their failures.

Teacher's Note:
a) Give at least one point for each character on frustration, status and grudges.
b) Inter-textual answers must refer to both texts.
c) Marks: Content 3, Expression 2.

OR

(B) Analyse the characters of William Douglas from 'Deep Water' and Mukesh from 'Lost Spring' in terms of their determination and will power in pursing their goals. [5 Marks]

Answer:
Both Douglas and Mukesh show determination and courage in pursuing their goals. However, Douglas, because of his background and education, follows a planned and systematic approach, while Mukesh's dream is uncertain because he lacks resources.

Douglas developed a deep fear of water after nearly drowning in the YMCA pool. With a resolute spirit, he hired an instructor and trained for months to learn swimming. He then tested himself in real water bodies, such as Lake Wentworth and the Warm Lake, and finally conquered his fear.

Mukesh belongs to a poor family of bangle-makers in Firozabad. Despite this deprived background, he dares to dream of becoming a motor mechanic. He has the courage to break away from his family's traditional work and is ready to walk a long distance to the garage to learn.

Thus, both show that strong will power can help a person overcome fear and tradition.

Teacher's Note:
a) Include at least one point about each character, with a comparison.
b) Mention Mukesh's aim to be a motor mechanic and Douglas's training with an instructor.
c) Marks: Content 3, Expression 2.

13. Answer ANY ONE of the following questions, in 120-150 words : [5 Marks]

(A) Why did Dr. Sadao treat the American soldier, even though it was an unpatriotic act ? Describe the difficulties faced by Dr. Sadao when he decided to help the enemy soldier. (The Enemy) [5 Marks]

Answer:
Dr. Sadao faced a moral dilemma when a wounded American prisoner of war was washed ashore near his house during the war. Though he knew that the man was an enemy, his duty as a surgeon and his humanity did not allow him to let the man die. He treated him as a patient rather than as an enemy.

However, helping the soldier brought him many difficulties. His servants openly defied him and left the house. He risked his reputation and could have been arrested as a traitor on charges of treason. He had to make his beloved wife Hana assist in the operation, which put her through great trauma. When the General carelessly forgot his promise to have the soldier killed, Sadao had to take the risk of planning the soldier's escape himself.

Thus, Sadao rose above narrow patriotism and chose humanity.

Teacher's Note:
a) Answer both parts: why he treated the soldier, and the difficulties he faced.
b) Key points: servants leaving, risk of being called a traitor, Hana's trauma, planning the escape.
c) Marks: Content 3, Expression 2.

OR

(B) "If you want to test a man's character, give him power." Analyse the theme of The Tiger King in the light of the above quote. (The Tiger King) [5 Marks]

Answer:
'The Tiger King' is a satire on the conceit of those in power. The Maharaja of Pratibandapuram is told that a tiger will cause his death. Obsessed with disproving this prophecy, he misuses his position and power.

Instead of looking after the welfare of his people, he spends all his energy hunting tigers, first in his own state and then in neighbouring states. Even his marriage is guided by his obsession, as he chooses a bride from a state with many tigers. When a British officer threatened his throne, he wasted public money on expensive diamond rings to please the Duraisani and save his kingdom. He even changed taxes according to his whims and fancies.

His whole life shows how self-obsession and misplaced priorities corrupt a man in power. Ironically, he is finally killed by a wooden tiger, proving the quote true.

Teacher's Note:
a) Link each example of misuse of power to the quote.
b) Mention the diamond rings, the tax changes and his neglect of the people.
c) Marks: Content 3, Expression 2.

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