CBSE Class 12 Physical Education Psychology And Sports Worksheet

CHAPTER – 11

Psychology & SPORTS

Q.1 – What do you mean by stress? 

Ans – Stress consists of bodily changes produced by physiological or psychological conditions that tend to upset the homeostatic balance. In medical language ‘stress’ is defined as a perturbation of the body’s homeostasis.

Q.2 – What do you mean by anxiety? 

Ans – Then main aims of physical education teachers, trainers, coaches and sports psychologists is to enhance an individual’s performance at optimum level. To achieve this aim, they must consider the effect of anxiety on performance.

Q.3 – What do you mean by coping strategies? 

Ans – In the field of psychology, coping refers to the thoughts and actions which we usually use to deal with a threatening situation. In other words, coping is expanding conscious effort to solve personal or interpersonal problems and seeking to minimize or tolerate stress or conflicts. 

Q.4 – What do you mean by problem focused coping strategies? 

Ans – The problem focused strategies deal with the root causes of stress and try to improve the stressful environment the sportspersons are experiencing. The problem focuses coping strategies are aimed at changing or eliminating the authentic source of the stress. 

Q.5 – What do you men by emotion focused coping strategies? 

Ans – These are those coping strategies which try to reduce the negative emotional responses linked with the stress such as embarrassment, fear, anxiety, depression, excitement and frustration. In other words, these are those strategies which are used to tackle the feeling of distress rather than the actual problem.

Q.6 – What do you mean by personality? 

Ans – Personality usually means that an individual is much more than his outer appearance. It is a dynamic and organized set of characteristics passed by a person that influences his/her cognitions, emotions, motivations and behaviours in different types of situations. 

Q.7 – Explain about emotional dimension of personality in detail. 

Ans – Emotional dimension is also an important dimension of personality. Emotional dimension is related to emotional stability. To have emotional stability is essential aspect of one’s personality. It means that one must have proper control over various emotions such as fear, anger, disgust, distress, amusement or happiness etc. in different situations. As a matter of fact, many sportspersons feel elated when they win but start crying, abusing the umpires or referee when they lose. Such situations show one’s emotional status spontaneous outburst of such emotions is not accepted as a sign of good personality.

Q.8 – Explain any two technique of motivation.

Ans – 1. Spectators: If there is a huge number of spectators, it will have a positive effect on the players. But its effectiveness depends upon the experience and maturity of athletes. If an inexperienced athlete participates in competition, which is full of spectators, then he will not be able to perform better in comparison to an in experienced athlete. An inexperienced athlete is usually overpowered by fear.

2. Hypnotism: The motivation through hypnotism can be effective but, generally, it is discarded by the public, it has its scientific base. Several studies show its positive effect. Performance may be improved through hypnotism if it is properly employed by a trained person. 

Q.9 – Discuss intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. 

Ans – 1. Intrinsic motivation: Intrinsic motivation is internal. It occurs when people are compelled to do something out of pleasure, importance or desire. Motivation is always intrinsic when the force comes from within oneself. 

2. Extrinsic Motivation: Extrinsic motivation is external. It occurs when external factors compel the person to do something. Motivation is always extrinsic, when external forces, positive or negative produce a behavioral change, reward, punishment, praise, blame or cash prize etc.

Q.10 – Explain any three techniques of motivation for higher achievement in sports. 

Ans – 1. Presence of opposite sex: Opposite sex plays a vital role in motivation. Usually girls are motivated by the presence of boys, whereas boys are motivated by the presence of girls. This is an innate tendency of human brings. Even girls as well as boys try to be smart and active in the presence of opposite sex. 

2. Spectators: If there is a huge number of spectators, it will have a positive effect on the players. But its effectiveness depends upon the experiences and maturity of athletes. If an inexperienced athlete participates in completion, which is full of spectators, then he will not be able to perform better in comparison to an experienced others. 

3. Hypnotism: The motivation through hypnotism can be effective but, generally, it is discarded by the public. It has its scientific base. Several studies show its positive effects. Simple and direct strength may be improved through hypnotism if it is properly employed by a trained person. 

Q.11 – What do you mean by anxiety? Discuss the management of anxiety in detail. 

Ans – The main aim of physical education teachers, trainers, coaches and sports psychologists is to enhance an individual’s performance at optimum level. To achieve this aim, they must consider the effect of anxiety on performance. In fact, anxiety is a psychological and physiological state of an individual.

Management of Anxiety

1.      Establish the winning feeling: Start thinking about the last time you were performing at the top of your game. After that enlist energy detail you might associate with your ‘winning feeling’. Then pick out the eight most important aspects of this positive feeling and write them down. Think those winning feelings. Naturally, it will help to create an optimum competitive mindset.

2.      Stop negative thinking: Stop negative thoughts such as ‘I cannot do better no’ or ‘it is impossible to beat him in the competition’. Instead of these negative thoughts, think positive such as ‘I can do much better’ or ‘I will be the winner’. Even casuistly used to say ‘I am the greatest’.

Q.12 – Discuss the points to improve the body image and self-esteem in detail. 

Ans–1. To have a positive and optimistic attitude: A positive and optimistic attitude can help individuals to improve body image and self-esteem. So one should try muscles or change in body shape and size can be a healthy choice. 

2. To change your life style: Changes in your life style such as adopting a specific diet and with planned exercise programme in order to lose weight, gin muscles or change in body shape and size can be a healthy choice. 

3. To identify all the aspects of your appearance realistically: For improving body image and self-esteem, identify all the aspects of your appearance which you can change realistically and which you can’t change. It is well known fact that human beings are imperfect. 

4. To stop your intrinsic negative comments: When you hear negative comments coming from the core of your heart, stop them immediately if you want to improve your body image and self-esteem. 

5. To give compliments about good things done by you: If you want to improve your self-esteem and body image, do some good things everyday and give compliments to yourself that you really have done good things. This act will give you immense pleasure.