CBSE Class 12 English Factual Passage Assignment Set 04

Passage 

1. Dinosaurs died gradually from climate change caused by a series of severe volcanic eruptions in the Deccan traps in India at the end of the Cretaceous period, says Gerta Keller, professor at Princeton University. This theory debunks the long-held notion that dinosaurs died due to climate change when a giant meteor hit the Yucatan region of Mexico. “The Chicxulub impact hit the Yucatan about 300,000 years before the mass extinction that included dinosaurs and therefore could not have caused it,” Keller says.
2. Research by volcanologists shows that lava eruptions in the Deccan were not continuous but occurred in pulses, with each pulse lasting about 10 to at most a 100 years, and the pulses were separated by short periods of quiescence. New results from eight subsurface cores drilled by the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation of India, a public-sector undertaking, in the Krishna-Godavari Basin of Eastern India, reveal that at least nine lava flows mark the critical volcanic phase that ended in the mass extinction. This ending phase may have occurred over as little as 10,000 to 100,000 years. During each lava eruption, fire shot up in tall columns from fissures in the Earth’s surface and lofted gases into the stratosphere while the oozing lava flow as sheets, or in rivers, up to 1046 kilometers across India, and formed the longest lava flows on Earth. “Their destructive nature is evident in the marine life record: the population of marine life decreased by about 50 percent after the first of these long lava flows,” says Keller. “By the time of the last lava flow, the mass extinction was complete.” The sulfur dioxide gas injected into the stratosphere converted to sulfate aerosols that caused climate cooling. The cooling lasted until the sulfate aerosols were washed out as acid rain and caused the ocean to acidify in the process.
3. Keller doesn’t disagree with scientists who believe that the Chicxulub impact affected the climate. The event would certainly have caused earthquakes, tsunamis, regional fires and injected huge quantities of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, causing cooling and acidification of the land and oceans. “The difference is that the quantity of gas injection from the main phase of Deccan eruptions was 30 to 100 times larger than the Chicxulub impact and occurred over a shorter geological period of time, with each pulse lasting about 10 years or more.”
4. Up until now, sceptics have doubted whether gas from Deccan-like eruptions can reach the stratosphere, but the relatively small 1783-1784 Laki eruption in Iceland revealed that even rather small eruptions loft gases into the stratosphere. Field research by Keller and her collaborators has revealed that the mass extinction coincided with the end of the main phase of Deccan eruptions, suggesting that volcanism killed dinosaurs.

Question. The passage mentions two differing views regarding the extinction of dinosaurs. Which global phenomenon is the underlying cause of dinosaurs extinction in both these views? Answer in one sentence.
Answer: In both views, the underlying cause of dinosaur extinction is catastrophic climate change triggered by the injection of massive quantities of volcanic gases or impact debris into the stratosphere.

Question. Cite a point from the passage that shows that the lava flows from the Deccan eruptions were extensive.
Answer: The passage states that the lava flowed as sheets or in rivers up to 1,046 kilometers across India, forming the longest lava flows on Earth.

Question. Based on the passage, choose an option to aptly complete the sentence below. The research by Keller and her collaborators showed that the ................. of mass extinction and the Deccan eruptions overlapped with each other.
Answer: timing

Question. Complete the sentence suitably. The theory proposed by Gerta Keller was based on observations from a real, natural environment and not a controlled environment. This statement can be categorised as
(a) field research
(b) hypothesis
Answer: (a) field research

Question. Which of these best describes the author’s tone in the passage?
(a) Sarcastic
(b) Concerned
(c) Awestruck
(d) Compelling
Answer: (d) Compelling

Question. Cite a point of evidence which shows that the lava eruptions in the Deccan caused great damage to Earth’s ecosystem.
Answer: Evidence from the marine life record shows that the population of marine life decreased by about 50 percent after the first of the long lava flows, with the extinction being complete by the last flow.

Question. According to Gerta Keller, how did the effect caused by the Chicxulub impact differ from that of Deccan eruptions?
Answer: According to Keller, the main difference was the scale; the quantity of gas injection from the Deccan eruptions was 30 to 100 times larger than that of the Chicxulub impact and occurred over a shorter geological period.

Question. Which of the following does not reflect Gerta Keller’s viewpoint on the Chicxulub impact?
(a) It contributed to climate change,
(b) It caused the emission of sulphur dioxide,
(c) It caused acidification of land and oceans.
(d) It led to the phenomenon of mass extinction.
Answer: (d) It led to the phenomenon of mass extinction.

Question. Which of these can be another suitable title of the passage?
(a) Reinventing the Life and Characteristics of Extinct Species
(b) The Current Theory of Dinosaur’s Extinction Looks to India
(c) The Chicxulub Impact and its Environmental Consequences
(d) Understanding Major Mass Extinctions that Shaped the Earth
Answer: (b) The Current Theory of Dinosaur’s Extinction Looks to India

Passage 

1. With the enormous amount of information potentially available to travellers, the Internet constitutes an important platform for information exchange between the consumer and industry suppliers (e.g. hotels, transportation sectors, attractions), intermediaries (e.g. travel agents), controllers (e.g. governments and administrative bodies), as well as many non-profit organisations such as destination marketing organisations.
2. Different technological interfaces, such as search engines, online travel booking sites, and websites of destination marketing organisations facilitate the information exchange between online travellers and the so-called ‘online tourism domain’.
3. Particularly, it has been argued that understanding the nature of the online tourism domain, i.e. the composition of online tourism related information potentially available to travellers, provides an important stepping-stone for the development of successful marketing programs and better information systems in Tourism.
4. The importance of social media is identified by Xiang & Gretzel (2010). Their analysis showed that social media constitutes a substantial part of the search results, indicating that search engines linked the travellers directly to social media sites. Since more and more travellers seem to tap into this ‘collective intelligence’ available on the Web, this will challenge the established marketing practices of many tourism businesses and destinations.
5. The relation between social interaction, communication media and content can provide various supplementary advantages. It is more convenient and efficient way of spreading information compared to traditional media and thus, more and more companies are utilising it as a marketing channel. Furthermore, through media visibility companies are able to create more approachable image, and possibly bring awareness among new customers as well as retain existing consumer relationships.
6. One of the popular travel social media site Expedia Media Solutions partnered with ComScore, shed some insightful details of how travellers consume and share content prior to, during and after a trip.

Travel Buyer Reach Data:
OTA’S: 80% (approx)
Airline Sites: 77%
Hotel Sites: 58%
Information/Inspiration: 53%
Travel Metasearch Sites: 44%
Destination Sites: 31%
Cruise/Bus/Rail Lines: 25%
Rental Car: 25%
Deal Sites: 16%
Portal Travel Channels: 14%
Home Rental: 10%

7. It shows that the field of online content consumption is growing at a rapid pace. Another interesting point was that content is available and being accessed by consumers across more platforms and channels than ever before. Not surprisingly coming from an Expedia Solutions study, online travel agencies were found to be an important source across all platforms and throughout all stages of the booking process. It is no wonder that destinations, airlines, hotels and most travel marketers are embracing social networks such as pinterest, photo/video applications such as Instagram and Vine, as part of their storytelling toolkit, reaching out to growing crowds of travellers.

Question. Complete the sentence appropriately. Online tourism domain can be understood as ............. .
Answer: the composition of online tourism related information potentially available to travellers through various technological interfaces.

Question. What does the given passage focus on?
(a) The increasing role of social media in tourism.
(b) The increasing demand of tourism.
(c) The need to boost tourism in India.
(d) The Indian Tourism marketing needs.
Answer: (a) The increasing role of social media in tourism.

Question. How is media visibility important to tourism?
Answer: Media visibility allows companies to create a more approachable image, bring awareness to new customers, and retain existing consumer relationships more efficiently than traditional media.

Question. Does the following statement agree with the information given in the Passage 5. The relation between social interaction, communication media and content can be very advantageous. Select from the following.
True if the statement agrees with the information
False if the statement contradicts the information
Not Given if there is no information on this
Answer: True

Question. Which of the following statements is not substantiated by information in Paragraph 4?
(a) The established marketing practices of many tourism businesses and destinations are challenged by the online media.
(b) Social media constitute a substantial part of the travel search results.
(c) Search engines link the travelers directly to social media sites.
(d) None of the options
Answer: (d) None of the options

Question. Who are the controllers in the field of tourism?
Answer: According to the passage, governments and administrative bodies act as the controllers in the field of tourism.

Question. According to Expedia solutions, what facilitates the exchange of information between online travellers and online tourism domain?
Answer: Different technological interfaces such as search engines, online travel booking sites, and websites of destination marketing organisations facilitate this exchange.

Question. According to the given data graph, which marketing field shows the greatest influence of tourists?
(a) Deal sites of make my trip
(b) Site of Malibu
(c) OTA’S
(d) Air India
Answer: (c) OTA’S

Passage 

1. It is generally accepted that leadership development should be a part of the education system’s responsibility for preparing individuals to participate in a democratic and progressive society. Many schools, colleges and universities, across nations, provide their students with leadership courses, curricular programmes and co-curricular programmes that are designed to develop students’ formal knowledge about leadership as well as opportunities and experiences to develop students as leaders and actually practise leadership. Yet, only a handful of studies have sought to understand leader development from the students’ point of view, with students describing their own experiences and what they learned from them in their own words.
2. A recent descriptive study sought to understand student leadership with research through key events via the following research questions:
Research Question 1: What key events do student leaders in college, report as significantly impacting their development as a leader?
Research Question 2: What lessons do student leaders in college, report learning as a result of the key events they have experienced?
Research Question 3: Are certain key events more likely to be linked to particular lessons?
Approximately 130 students were contacted and the 72 interested, were interviewed. Two members of the research team were present for each 15-45 minute interview. One member served as the primary interviewer while the second ran the audio equipment. The results for lessons learned were varied but there were a few that were frequently quoted.

Table: Lessons Learned and Responses
Identity
Self Identity: 58
Leadership Identity: 54
Professionalism: 30
Balancing Roles: 19
Individual Competencies
Delegation: 17
Decision Making: 15
Adaptability/Flexibility: 38
Resilience/Persistence/Hard Work: 18
Taking Initiative: 36
Accountability/Responsibility: 29
Big Picture: 27
Learning to Teach/Learn: 18
Support Systems
Developing and Using Support Systems: 36
Being a Support System: 28
Working with Others
Communication: 59
Teamwork: 26
Conflict: 21
Diversity: 32
Inspiring and motivating others: 17
Other working with others: 30
Getting the job done
Task skills: 55
Environment: 54

3. This study described the rich array of leadership lessons that students are learning through their experiences. It revealed that student leaders are learning foundational leadership skills and competencies that have positively impacted how to accomplish work, how to work with others and how to be both supported by and support others.

Question. Complete the sentence appropriately. More than 50% of the identified student respondents were keen to participate in the 2014 study. We can say this because ............. .
Answer: out of approximately 130 students contacted, 72 expressed interest and were interviewed.

Question. Select the option that displays the most likely reason for including Research Question 3 in the 2014 study. In order to find out if...
(a) learning opportunities shape students’ overall personality
(b) leadership lessons are the result of the designed learning opportunities
(c) all learning opportunities cater to a specific lesson
(d) certain lessons are common in more than one learning opportunity
Answer: (c) all learning opportunities cater to a specific lesson

Question. Do you think the researchers of the study aimed to change the students outlook towards the development of leadership skills, directly or indirectly? Support your answer with reference to the text.
Answer: The study was descriptive in nature, seeking to understand leader development from the students' perspective. However, it indirectly aimed to emphasize the importance of leadership by highlighting the "rich array of leadership lessons" students learn through experiences, impacting how they work and interact.

Question. Fill in the blank by choosing the correct words from the brackets. The concluding sentence of the text makes a clear case for ............. (collaboration/observation) by listing it as a core competency for student leadership.
Answer: collaboration

Question. Give one reason why having the least number of responses for ‘Decision Making’, is a matter that needs attention. This is because
(a) there were least number of responses for ‘Decision Making’
(b) Students were indecisive during the survey
(c) Decision making was selected as the least practiced skill
(d) Students did not consider decision making as important
Answer: (a) there were least number of responses for ‘Decision Making’

Question. Does the following statement agree with the information given in Paragraph 1? The researcher believes that educational institutions have ideal resources to study impact of leadership skills on young adults.
Answer: Yes, the statement agrees with Paragraph 1, which states that it is the "education system’s responsibility" and that many institutions provide courses and experiences designed to develop leadership.

Question. Based on the reading of the text, state a point to challenge the given statement. When theoretical knowledge about leadership suffices, it is a waste of funds by educational organisations, to organise leadership camps and programmes.
Answer: The text challenges this by stating that students need "opportunities and experiences to develop students as leaders and actually practise leadership," showing that theoretical knowledge alone is insufficient without practical application.

Question. Complete the given sentence by selecting the most appropriate option. The 2014 study attempts to understand student leadership by focussing on ............. .
(a) experiences that shaped students’ overall personality
(b) lessons gained by students as they grew up
(c) relationship of key events with particular lessons
(d) students in leadership roles
Answer: (c) relationship of key events with particular lessons

Passage 

1. A new poll of global experts by the Thomson Reuters Foundation published on Tuesday suggests that India is perceived as the most dangerous country for women. India’s rise to the top place (it occupied the fourth place in a similar survey in 2011) is driven by the perception about rising sexual violence in the country, Thomson Reuters Foundation reported.
2. But a Mint analysis of data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted across developing nations of the world shows that the incidence of sexual violence reported by women is lower in India than in most other countries for which such data is available.
3. The DHS surveys that are conducted periodically by the respective governments of these countries with funding from the United States Agency for International Development and UN agencies are considered to be the official source of data on health, nutrition and status of women for the respective nations.
4. According to the data provided by the DHS, the incidence of such violence against women has declined over time of the 43 countries for which recent data on sexual violence is available, India ranks 32 when it comes to the share of women, aged 15-49, who experienced such violence in their lifetime.

Table: Incidence of sexual violence in %
Cameroon (Rank 1): 29%
Kenya (Rank 10): 14.1%
Jordan (Rank 21): 9.2%
Nepal (Rank 27): 6.9%
Cambodia (Rank 30): 6.1%
India (Rank 32): 6%

5. From the details given above, there seems to arise a dissonance between the perception about India, as recorded by the Thomson Reuters Foundation poll of around 550 global experts, and the actual experiences of millions of women across the world, as recorded by the DHS surveys.
6. While it is possible that the DHS surveys underestimate the true extent of sexual violence faced by women, there is little reason to believe that the bias, if it indeed exists, is higher for India than for other countries. While the risk of sexual violence in India is undeniable, India does not seem to be the most dangerous place when it comes to the risk of sexual violence.
7. The nature of sexual violence that women face, however, has a unique dimension in India. Chances that the perpetrator of sexual violence is known to the victim are among the highest. Most offenders tend to be husbands or partners of the victims.
8. The high share of known offenders might also partly explain why most sexual assaults go unreported in the country. As pointed out, 99% of sexual assaults in the country go unreported. Even if one excludes marital rape, 85% of sexual assaults go unreported. Even among crimes that are reported, most perpetrators are known to the victims.
9. The silver lining in the data is that the actual incidence of sexual violence, as recorded by NFHS (the DHS of India), has declined over the past decade even as the reporting of sexual assaults has risen.

Question. Complete the sentence appropriately. The countries that participate in the DHS are ............. .
Answer: developing nations of the world whose surveys are funded by USAID and UN agencies.

Question. According to the Thomson Reuters Foundation, India is the most dangerous country for women because of
(a) the patriarchal system
(b) rising cases of sexual violence
(c) the number of unreported cases in India
(d) the apathy of government to the cause of women
Answer: (b) rising cases of sexual violence

Question. Give a brief description of the DHS on the basis of the given passage.
Answer: The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) are periodic surveys conducted by governments of developing nations, funded by USAID and UN agencies. They are considered official sources of data on health, nutrition, and the status of women.

Question. State True or False. 99% of the sexual assaults on women go unnoticed.
Answer: True

Question. The Thomson Reuters Foundation recorded the data from
(a) real experiences of women
(b) global experts
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) the institutions commissioned for women safety
Answer: (b) global experts

Question. With reference to the figure, write one conclusion about the perception of rising sexual violence in the world.
Answer: The figure shows that the actual reported incidence of sexual violence in India is much lower (6%) compared to several other developing nations like Cameroon (29%) and Kenya (14.1%), contradicting the perception of India being the most dangerous country.

Question. The nature of sexual violence women face, however, has a unique dimension in India. Explain.
Answer: In India, a unique dimension is that the perpetrators of sexual violence are often known to the victims, with most offenders being husbands or partners.

Question. What does the passage tries to claim?
(a) India is not the most dangerous country for women.
(b) The surveys often take incorrect data.
(c) India has been subduing the patriarchal structure.
(d) There are discrepancies in various surveys regarding womens health.
Answer: (a) India is not the most dangerous country for women.

Passage 

1. The 21st century will be ruled by data. Data Science has become an indispensable part of many businesses and industries. It provides valuable insights into customer behaviour that can lead to increased conversions, more detailed market analysis for competitive advantage in pricing strategies or product development, improved operational efficiency and minimised risk exposure through accurate forecasting models. The emergence of disruptive technologies like IoT, digital media platforms, smartphones, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, blockchain and quantum computing has ushered in an era where Data Science will be central to organisational success.
2. As organisations are turning towards Machine Learning, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, the demand for Data Science roles is seeing a sustained and accelerating upward surge. Since 2012, the Data Science sector has witnessed a massive hike of 650%, far outpacing other sectors.
3. Therefore, transitioning to Data Science is a smart move as it fetches far higher comparative returns. For instance, transitioning from a marketing analytics job to a Data Science job leads to a 37% salary growth on average.
4. Similarly, the expected salary growth when people switch from digital analytics to Data Science is 31% on average. For someone transitioning from a Data Engineering role to a Data Science role, the salary hike could be as high as 44%. According to recruitment firm Michael Page’s 2021 India Talent Trends report, Data Science professionals with 3-10 years of experience get annual salaries in the 25-65 lakh range, while those with more experience can command pay packages upwards of 1 crore.
5. Professionals with over 15 years of experience can get paid up to 1.8 crores. Similarly, the average annual pay hike for Data Science professionals falls between 20-30% compared with 15-20% for professionals from other backgrounds. India Inc. is witnessing the rapid digitisation of businesses and services, making it the second-largest hub for Data Science in the world. Analysts predict that the country will have more than 11 million job openings by 2026. In fact, since 2019, hiring in the Data Science industry has increased by 46%.
6. Data Science and Machine Learning have a steep learning curve. Even though there is a huge influx of data scientists in India every year, very few people have the required expertise and specialisation. As a result, there is a surging demand for professionals with specialised data skills.

Question. Complete the sentence appropriately. There is a demand for professionals with specialised data skills ............. .
Answer: because very few people have the required expertise and specialisation despite the influx of data scientists.

Question. Select the central idea of the paragraph preceding Paragraph 4.
(a) The transitioning to Data Science is not a smart move and should not be encouraged.
(b) The transitioning from a marketing analytics job to a Data Science job leads to a plunge in the salary on average.
(c) The transitioning from a marketing analytics job to a Data Science job leads to a boost in the salary on average.
(d) The transitioning to Data Science leads to organisational success by minimising the attrition rate.
Answer: (c) The transitioning from a marketing analytics job to a Data Science job leads to a boost in the salary on average.

Question. What does the author mean by ‘steep learning curve’ in the context of the passage?
Answer: It means that the field is difficult to learn and requires a significant amount of effort and specialized knowledge to gain expertise.

Question. Identify the term in Paragraph 2 that indicates that certain technologies are becoming popular.
Answer: The term is "disruptive technologies."

Question. The demand for ............. is seeing a sustained and accelerating upward surge. Which demand is being referred to here?
(a) Robotics’ learning
(b) Design thinking
(c) Nanotechnology
(d) Data Science
Answer: (d) Data Science

Question. “Transitioning to Data Science is a smart move”. Substantiate.
Answer: Transitioning is smart because it fetches higher returns, such as a 37% average salary growth when moving from marketing analytics, and annual pay hikes are significantly higher (20-30%) than in other fields.

Question. On the basis of the passage, write any two conclusion about the scope in the field of data and analytics.
Answer: (1) India is becoming a global hub for Data Science with a prediction of 11 million job openings by 2026. (2) There is a massive demand-supply gap for specialized talent, leading to very high pay packages for experienced professionals.

Question. Select the correct inference with reference to the following. “...the average annual pay hike for Data Science professionals falls between 20-30% compared with 15-20% for professionals from other backgrounds.”
(a) There is a lot of scope of annual increment for professionals from any other background than Data Science.
(b) There isn’t much scope of annual increment for professionals from any other background than Data Science.
(c) There is a lot of scope of annual increment for Data Science professionals.
(d) There isn’t much scope of annual increment for Data Science professionals.
Answer: (c) There is a lot of scope of annual increment for Data Science professionals.

Passage 

1. The Olympic Games, hailed as the pinnacle of athletic excellence and international camaraderie, present an unparalleled platform for showcasing talent and promoting sportsmanship. However, ensuring equitable access to the Games, particularly among youth demographics, remains a pressing concern.
2. In recent years, efforts have been made to democratise access to the Olympic Games, particularly among youth cohorts, through various initiatives aimed at increasing participation and engagement. One such initiative is the Youth Olympic Games (YOG), introduced in 2010 by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The YOG serves as a platform for young athletes aged 15 to 18 to compete in Olympic sports, providing them with invaluable experience and exposure on an international stage.
3. Furthermore, advancements in digital technology and media have played a pivotal role in expanding youth access to the Olympic Games. With the proliferation of livestreaming platforms and social media channels, youth audiences now have unprecedented opportunities to engage with Olympic events in real-time, regardless of geographical barriers. Moreover, the IOC’s emphasis on youth-oriented content and interactive experiences has resonated with younger demographics, fostering a sense of ownership and belonging within the Olympic movement.
4. Despite these strides, challenges persist in ensuring comprehensive youth access to the Olympic Games, particularly in marginalised communities with limited resources and infrastructure. Addressing these challenges requires concerted efforts from stakeholders across the Olympic ecosystem, including policymakers, sports organisations, and community leaders, to implement targeted interventions and foster a culture of inclusivity and accessibility for future generations.

IOC Contributions to Support the Youth Olympic Games (during 2017-2020/21):
USD 90 Million (ICC contribution to support the staging of the Youth Olympic Games during 2017-2020/21)
Summer Youth Olympic Games:
Singapore 2010: USD 40m
Nanjing 2014: USD 50m
Buenos Aires 2018: USD 54m
Winter Youth Olympic Games:
Innsbruck 2012: USD 20m
Lillehammer 2016: USD 35m
Lausanne 2020: USD 26m

Question. Complete the following sentence with correct facts and figures from the table. IOC contributed ............. to support the staging of Youth Olympic Games during 2017-2020/21.
Answer: USD 90 Million

Question. What inference can be made regarding youth participation in Olympic Games in India?
Answer: While the text doesn't explicitly mention India's specific participation data, it implies that initiatives like the YOG and digital technology are designed to overcome "geographical barriers," making participation and engagement possible for Indian youth.

Question. Which of the following best describes the role of digital technology in increasing youth participation in the Olympic Games?
(a) Reducing the cost of attending the games in person.
(b) Replacing traditional sports with e-sports competitions.
(c) Increasing the number of youth athletes who can compete in the games.
(d) Providing real-time access and engagement through livestreaming and social media.
Answer: (d) Providing real-time access and engagement through livestreaming and social media.

Question. What initiatives have been introduced to increase youth participation in the Olympic Games and what challenges still hinder this participation in India?
Answer: Initiatives include the introduction of the Youth Olympic Games (YOG) and the use of digital media. Challenges that persist, likely including in India, are limited resources and infrastructure in marginalised communities.

Question. Based on the given data, select which nation funded $40 Million and $20 Million.
Answer: Singapore funded USD 40m (2010 Summer YOG) and Innsbruck funded USD 20m (2012 Winter YOG).

Question. What has the IOC's emphasis on youth-oriented content done?
(a) Foster health
(b) Foster belonging
(c) Foster responsibility
(d) All of the options
Answer: (b) Foster belonging

Question. What is the writer referring to by ‘culture of inclusivity’?
Answer: The writer refers to an environment where young people from all backgrounds, particularly those from marginalized communities, have equal access, opportunity, and a sense of belonging in the Olympic movement.

Question. List two functions of Youth Olympic Games (YOG).
Answer: (1) To serve as a platform for athletes aged 15-18 to compete. (2) To provide invaluable experience and exposure on an international stage.

Question. Fill in the blank by selecting the correct option. The ............. Games, hailed as the pinnacle of ............. excellence and international camaraderie, present an unparalleled platform for showcasing talent and promoting sportsmanship.
(a) Olympic, athletic
(b) Olympus, intellectual
(c) Ogilvy, sports
(d) Summer, textbook
Answer: (a) Olympic, athletic