CBSE Class 12 English Factual Passage Assignment Set 01

Case Based Factual Passages

Passage 

1. Introduction In the hasty lifestyle of today’s world, the choice of snacks can greatly impact one’s health and well-being. This case study aims to analyse the preference for seasonal fruits compared to packaged snacks among different age groups and the implications for overall health.

2. Methodology A survey was conducted among individuals across various age groups, ranging from children to seniors, to determine their snacking preferences. Participants were asked to indicate their preferred snack choices and provide reasons for their preferences. The data was then analysed to identify trends and patterns among different age demographics.

3. Survey Examination The survey encompassed a comprehensive examination of snacking habits, including not only preferred snack choices but also delving into the underlying motivations and influences guiding these choices. Beyond mere preference, participants were encouraged to articulate the reasons behind their selections, providing invaluable insights into the multifaceted nature of snacking behaviour.

4. Results
The survey results revealed interesting insights into snacking preferences among different age groups:
● Children: 77% preferred Seasonal fruits. Reasons: Taste, Health benefits, Parental guidance.
● Teenagers: 65% preferred Packaged snacks. Reasons: Convenience, Taste, Peer influence.
● Young adults: 52% preferred Seasonal fruits and packaged snacks. Reasons: Transitional lifestyle (college, beginning careers, and establishing independence), Health consciousness, Convenience.
● Middle-aged: 83% preferred Seasonal fruits. Reasons: Freshness, Nutrition, Health consciousness.
● Elderly: 90% preferred Seasonal fruits. Reasons: Health benefits, Digestive ease.

5. Implications for Interventions By discerning the diverse preferences among different age groups, policymakers and health practitioners can tailor interventions to address specific demographic needs. For instance, targeting educational campaigns towards parents could empower them to instill healthy eating habits in their children from an early age. Concurrently, efforts to mitigate the influence of advertising and peer pressure on teenagers could involve regulatory measures and educational initiatives aimed at promoting critical thinking and informed decision-making. Furthermore, the prominence of seasonal fruits as a preferred snack choice among middle-aged adults and senior's points towards the importance of promoting access to fresh produce and nutritional education across all age demographics.

6. Conclusion The survey outcomes serve as a roadmap for designing targeted interventions that not only cater to diverse demographic needs but also nurture a culture of health and well-being. By harnessing the insights gleaned from this study, stakeholders can collaboratively work towards building healthier communities and promoting sustainable practices for generations to come.

Question. Complete the following suitably. In the introduction, the researcher links a hasty lifestyle with the choice of snacks in the study to highlight ............ .
Answer: how busy daily routines influence people to opt for quick and convenient eating options, often at the expense of nutritional value

Question. What would the following be classified as? To examine snacking preferences across various age groups in detail, and assess health implications. Select the appropriate response.
(a) Primary purpose
(b) Secondary objective
(c) Method of analysis
(d) Research outcome
Answer: (a) Primary purpose

Question. Give two points to support why it is likely that fresh fruits were given as an option to the survey participants to choose from in the study on snacking preferences.
Answer: Fresh fruits were given as an option to the survey participants to choose from in the study on snacking preferences because of these two reasons:
● To Indicate Health Focus: As fruits are widely recognised for their health benefits, introducing them aligns with the study’s goal to analyse snacking habits and their implications for health (making fresh fruits a relevant choice for understanding healthy snacking behaviours).
● For Comparative Analysis: Introducing fruits allows the study to compare the health implications of seasonal fruits versus packaged snacks. Including fresh fruits allows researchers to directly evaluate preferences between natural, healthier choices and processed, potentially less healthy alternatives.

Question. Paragraph 3 includes words - ‘motivations’ and ‘influences.’ Classify the following sentences as ‘influence’ or ‘motivation.’
Sentence 1: Peer pressure leads teenagers to prefer packaged snacks over healthier options.
Sentence 2: The drive to maintain health as one ages makes middle-aged adults to choose seasonal fruits.
Answer: Sentence 1 - influence. Sentence 2 - Motivation

Question. Read the following. Seema regularly enjoys snacking on chips and cool drinks while watching movies. Mohan, her neighbour, prefers to snack on oranges and also some nuts occasionally. Arindam, who lives across, often tends to eat a mix of carrot sticks and instant noodles, in between meals. Select the option that identifies the correct demographic Seema, Mohan and Arindam belong to.
(a) Seema - young adult; Mohan - teenager; Arindam - middle-age
(b) Seema - teenager; Mohan - middle-age; Arindam - child
(c) Seema - young adult; Mohan - child; Arindam - teenager
(d) Seema - teenager; Mohan - elderly; Arindam - young adult
Answer: (d) Seema - teenager (taste and convenience); Mohan - elderly (health, digestive ease); Arindam - young adult (health and convenience)

Question. Although children, middle-aged, and elderly groups all prefer seasonal fruits, why is the preference percentage highest among the elderly?
Answer: Even though children, middle-aged, and elderly groups all prefer seasonal fruits, the preference percentage is highest among the elderly because of their increased health needs and focus on foods that are easier to digest and are nutritionally beneficial.

Question. Analyse how targeted interventions based on the diverse snacking preferences of different age groups can lead to improved health outcomes in Paragraph 5.
Answer: Targeted interventions based on the diverse snacking preferences of different age groups can lead to improved health outcomes because they can effectively address specific health needs by focusing on the unique factors influencing each demographic’s snacking choices. For example, educational campaigns for parents can foster early healthy eating habits in children, while initiatives for teenagers can reduce the impact of advertising and peer pressure, promoting wiser food choices. Also, ensuring that middle-aged and older adults have access to fresh produce supports ongoing health maintenance, directly contributing to overall improved health outcomes across the lifespan.

Question. What is the ultimate goal for stakeholders, based on the insights from the study?
(a) Increase profitability through enhanced snack marketing
(b) Building healthier communities
(c) Reducing the cost of healthcare services
(d) Expanding the range of available snack product
Answer: (b) Building healthier communities

Passage 

1. We’re all familiar with the usual reasons workers cite for wanting to stay away even after lockdowns have long ended: flexible schedules, not having to commute, and ofcourse, increased productivity. However, productivity isn’t the only reason people want to stay away from the office. We recently surveyed 1,000 remote workers to find out what's really keeping them tied to their work from home lives.

2. The findings include: 72% want to be able to take a nap or exercise during the day. Nearly three out of four remote workers surveyed stated that the ability to take a nap or workout during the workday was one of the reasons they wanted to stay home. Though these activities may very well increase worker productivity, there’s no doubt that a nap on the kitchen couch would be frowned upon in the office.

3. 73% want to be able to watch TV while they work. Three out of four respondents again say that being able to entertain themselves with TV, podcasts, music, or other media is one of the reasons they want to keep their work-from-home lifestyle.

4. 62% cite concerns about their appearance. Well over half or respondents stated that they are concerned about their co-workers seeing them in person again after such a long time apart. Whether it’s weight loss or gain, not having the right clothes, or another concern about appearance, most would rather not have to worry about the way they look to their co-workers outside a zoom call.

5. When asked to choose the reason that most affects their desire to keep working from home, predictable answers like caring for children and lack of a commute were still the most common number one reasons. 14% of respondents stated that working remotely was so important to them, that they would not go back to work in person even if their employers required it. 

Question. ‘. . . . . . these activities will increase productivity’. By ‘Productivity’ the author refers to
(a) products produced
(b) efficiency of the employee
(c) time spent by the employee
(d) number of activities
Answer: (b) efficiency of the employee

Question. What change in the work place would bring those people back to office who want amusement?
(a) Giving long breaks
(b) Free coffee and tea
(c) Building entertainment lounge
(d) Spacious conference hall
Answer: (a) Giving long breaks

Question. As per the survey, why do health conscious people prefer to work from home?
Answer: As per the survey, health conscious people prefer to work from home because this mode allows them to take a nap or exercise during the day without compromising their work efficiency. This flexibility to engage in such activities during the workday is not typically available in an office setting.

Question. Complete the following sentence appropriately. The passage ends on a note that some people are resolved to . . . . . . . . . .
Answer: work from home, even if their employers insist upon them working from the office.

Question. Explain one inference that can be drawn from Paragraph 1 about the reason for people’s preference to work from home.
Answer: One inference that can be drawn from Paragraph 1 about the reason for people’s preference to work from home is that there are many reasons besides increased productivity that inspire people to continue working from home such as flexible schedules and convenience. Factors such as not having to commute, being able to set a flexible schedule, and maintaining a work-life balance play a significant role in this preference.

Question. State whether the statement given below is True or False. The survey reveals that people deeply miss socialising in the work from home style.
Answer: False

Question. Explain in your own words how appearance is one of the factors for people’s preference to work from home.
Answer: Appearance is a major factor in people’s preference to work from home because the relaxed lifestyle during the lockdown period has brought changes in people’s appearances. The survey found that 62% of the respondents had concerns about their physical appearance, especially their colleagues seeing them in-person again after such a long time apart. The changes could be weight gain or loss, not having the appropriate clothing for office settings, or other concerns related to their physical appearance. Working from home eliminates the stress and anxiety of how they look to their co-workers outside of a virtual meeting, making it a preferred choice for many.

Question. As per the survey, what top priorities of people prevent them from going to office?
Answer: Following are the top priorities of people preventing them from going to office:
● Caring for their children and lack of a commute
● Naptime and exercise
● Ability to entertain themselves with TV, podcasts or music while working
● Concerns about personal appearance in the office

Passage 

Case Study Tourism in India

1. Introduction India, with its rich cultural heritage, diverse landscapes, and historical sites, attracts millions of tourists each year. Tourism significantly contributes to India’s GDP, generating employment and boosting infrastructure. This case study explores factors impacting tourism in India, examines seasonal patterns, and assesses tourist satisfaction through a survey.

2. Methodology The study involved primary data collection through a structured survey targeting 500 tourists across major destinations like Delhi, Jaipur, Goa and Kerala. Additionally, secondary data from government reports and tourism boards were used. The survey included questions about preferences, challenges and satisfaction levels, focusing on various demographics, including international and domestic tourists.

3. Survey Examination Tourists were surveyed on travel preferences, challenges encountered, accommodation satisfaction and cultural experiences. Feedback highlighted India’s appeal due to its history and cultural diversity, but also noted issues like infrastructure gaps and pollution.

4. Results The study found that most tourists preferred historical sites and beaches. International tourists were drawn to heritage sites, while domestic tourists preferred nature destinations. Satisfaction was high among tourists who experienced local culture, but infrastructure issues and overcrowding at key locations were common complaints. Overall, 85% of tourists expressed a desire to revisit.

Question. Complete the following suitably. In the introduction, the researcher links tourism to India’s GDP to highlight ............ .
Answer: the significant economic impact of the industry, including job creation and infrastructure development

Question. What would the following be classified as ? The study involved primary data collection through a structured survey. Select the appropriate response.
(a) Primary purpose
(b) Secondary objective
(c) Method of analysis
(d) Research outcome
Answer: (c) Method of analysis

Question. Give two points to support why the study involved primary data and secondary data.
Answer: 1. Primary data provides direct, first-hand insights into current tourist preferences and satisfaction levels through surveys.
2. Secondary data from government reports and tourism boards provides a broader context and historical data to validate survey findings.

Question. Paragraph 3 includes words - ‘preferences’ and ‘challenges’. Classify the following sentences as preference or challenge.
Sentence 1: Feedback highlighted India’s appeal due to its history and cultural diversity.
Sentence 2: Also noted issues like infrastructure gaps and pollution.
Answer: Sentence 1 - preference. Sentence 2 - challenge.

Question. List any two points tourists were asked about in the survey.
Answer: 1. Travel preferences (e.g., historical sites vs nature).
2. Challenges encountered (e.g., pollution or overcrowding).

Question. What were the more preferred destinations?
Answer: Most tourists preferred historical sites and beaches. Specifically, international tourists preferred heritage sites, while domestic tourists preferred nature destinations.

Question. Analyse why though there was satisfaction among tourists, there were some complaints.
Answer: Satisfaction was high among tourists who appreciated India's rich history, cultural diversity, and local culture. However, complaints arose due to external factors like infrastructure gaps, pollution, and overcrowding at popular tourist locations, which negatively impacted the overall experience.

Question. What is the ultimate goal for stakeholders, based on the insights from the study?
(a) Tourists expressed a desire to revisit.
(b) Tourist will visit historical sites.
(c) Domestic tourism will increase.
(d) To promote India as a tourist destination.
Answer: (d) To promote India as a tourist destination.

Passage 

1. Introduction As the world grapples with climate change, renewable energy has emerged as a crucial solution. This case study aims to analyse the increasing use of renewable energy in India, its adoption across different sectors, and the implications for society and the environment.

2. Methodology A survey was conducted among households, businesses, and industries across various regions in India. Participants were asked about their primary source of energy (traditional fossil fuels or renewable energy) and the reasons for their preferences. The data was then analysed to identify trends and patterns among different demographics and sectors.

3. Survey Examination The survey encompassed a comprehensive examination of energy consumption habits, not only focusing on the preferred sources of energy but also delving into the underlying motivations and influences guiding these choices. Beyond mere preference, participants were encouraged to articulate the reasons behind their selections, providing invaluable insights into the multifaceted nature of energy consumption.

4. Results
The survey results revealed interesting insights into the energy preferences among different groups:
1. Households: 62% Renewable. Reasons: Environmental concerns, cost savings, government incentives.
2. Small Businesses: 55% Renewable. Reasons: Cost efficiency, public image, sustainability.
3. Large Industries: 48% Renewable. Reasons: Long-term savings, corporate responsibility compliance.
4. Rural Areas: 71% Renewable. Reasons: Accessibility, reliability, local employment opportunities.
5. Urban Areas: 58% Renewable. Reasons: Environmental awareness, incentives, modern infrastructure.

5. Implications for Interventions By discerning the diverse preferences among different demographics, policymakers, and energy providers, one can tailor interventions to address specific needs. For instance, increasing government incentives and subsidies for renewable energy can encourage more households and businesses to adopt sustainable practices. Concurrently, efforts to improve the infrastructure for renewable energy can enhance its reliability and accessibility. By harnessing the insights gleaned from this study, stakeholders can collaboratively work towards building a cleaner and more sustainable future for generations to come.

Question. Complete the following suitably. In the introduction, the researcher links climate change with the rise of renewable energy by highlighting ............ .
Answer: renewable energy as a crucial solution to the global challenge of climate change

Question. What would the following be classified as? To examine energy preferences across various demographics in detail, and assess their implications. Select the appropriate response.
(a) Primary purpose
(b) Method of analysis
(c) Secondary objective
(d) Research outcome
Answer: (a) Primary purpose

Question. Mention the two steps adopted in the survey methodology.
Answer: 1. Conducting a survey among households, businesses, and industries about their energy source preferences and reasons.
2. Analysing the collected data to identify trends and patterns across various demographics and sectors.

Question. Paragraph 3 includes the words ‘motivations’ and ‘influences’. Classify the following sentences as influence or motivation.
Sentence 1: Government incentives lead households to prefer renewable energy over traditional fossil fuels.
Sentence 2: The desire for long-term savings makes large industries choose renewable energy.
Answer: Sentence 1 - influence. Sentence 2 - motivation.

Question. Read the following text. Rajan, a rural household head, prefers using solar panels for energy due to their reliability and the local employment opportunities they provide. His neighbour, Rama, a small business owner, values renewable energy for its cost efficiency and sustainability. Meanwhile Suresh, who runs a large industry, opts for renewable energy due to corporate responsibility and compliance with regulations. Select the option that identifies the correct demographic they belong to.
(a) Rajan — household worker; Rama — small business owner; Suresh — large industry owner
(b) Rajan — rural employee; Rama — urban worker; Suresh — household head
(c) Rajan — rural — household head; Rama — small business owner; Suresh — large industry owner
(d) Rajan — urban worker; Rama — large industry owner; Suresh — rural worker
Answer: (c) Rajan — rural — household head; Rama — small business owner; Suresh — large industry owner

Question. Although both rural and urban areas prefer renewable energy, why is the preference percentage higher among rural areas ?
Answer: The preference percentage is higher in rural areas (71%) compared to urban areas because renewable sources like solar are often more accessible and reliable in remote locations, and they provide unique local employment opportunities.

Question. Analyse how targeted interventions based on diverse energy preferences of different demographics can lead to improved environmental outcomes. (Paragraph 5).
Answer: Targeted interventions can lead to improved outcomes by addressing specific barriers; for example, increasing subsidies can motivate households focused on cost-savings, while improving infrastructure can attract businesses concerned with reliability. By tailoring solutions to what motivates each demographic, adoption rates increase, leading to a cleaner environment.

Question. What is the ultimate goal for stakeholders, based on the insights from the study?
(a) Increase profitability through enhanced renewable infrastructure
(b) Build a sustainable future
(c) Reduce the cost of energy
(d) Expand the range of renewable energy products available
Answer: (b) Build a sustainable future

Passage 

1. People below the age of 20 and above the age of 50 are more likely to believe fake news. Those relatively new to the use of the internet still do not grasp the concept of fake information over these platforms, reveals a new survey ‘Countering Misinformation in India’. This survey has been conducted jointly by Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI).

2. At least 40% of the respondents believed in ‘misinformation’ received over social media if it came with leading backgrounds and evidence, while 34% of them believe the information when it is shared by a trustworthy organisation.

3. The dominant factor that drives people to forward such information is their belief that it might benefit others and help in their safety. In fact, that was the response of almost 50% of the respondents. This was compounded by the fact that at least 20% of the respondents expressed their lack of trust in conventional media thus their faith in contents shared by common people over social media.

4. But even then, newspapers still remain the top source of information for most. At least 53% of the respondents trust what is generally perceived as neutral media and only 29% trust technology and social media platforms.

5. However, what was surprising was that almost 45% of the respondents did not even know about the existence of fact-checking organisation and most did not even know that journalists had to verify data before they let it out. Only 26% of the respondents believe that it is the responsibility of the media to curb or identify fake news. Many respondents also put the responsibility of identifying such fake news on an individual.

6. The survey has found that first time or early users of the Internet platforms are more susceptible to fake news than others. There is a need for building capacities and creating a National Civic Digital Literacy Strategic Plan. 

Question. Select the option that comes under conventional media.
(a) Instagram
(b) Newspaper
(c) Facebook
(d) E-mail
Answer: (b) Newspaper

Question. Select the correct option. One factor that prompts people to believe fake news is that
(a) it supports their point of view
(b) they are biased
(c) it is from a reliable site
(d) it has more iikes’ and ‘shares’
Answer: (a) it supports their point of view

Question. What according to the passage are the intentions of people who share information?
Answer: According to the passage, the primary intention of people who share information is the altruistic belief that the information might benefit others and help ensure their safety.

Question. Which reason do you infer from the passage is responsible for journalists spreading misinformation?
Answer: The passage implies that a lack of rigorous data verification before publishing or a failure to adhere to neutral reporting standards could be responsible for journalists spreading misinformation.

Question. Complete the sentence appropriately. The threat faced by the new entrants in social media is . . . . . . . . . .
Answer: their higher susceptibility to believing and spreading fake news because they do not yet grasp the concept of misinformation on these platforms

Question. Explain your understanding of the difference between ‘misinformation’ and ‘fake news’.
Answer: Misinformation refers to false or inaccurate information that is spread, regardless of intent to deceive. Fake news is a specific type of misinformation that consists of fabricated stories often designed to look like legitimate news for malicious or manipulative purposes.

Question. As per your inference drawn from Paragraph 1, which category of people fall as victims to fake news?
Answer: People below the age of 20 and above the age of 50, as well as those who are relatively new or first-time users of internet platforms, fall as victims to fake news.

Question. What is the blame game that goes on in fixing the onus of identifying fake news?
Answer: The blame game involves a lack of consensus on responsibility: only 26% believe it is the media's job to curb fake news, while many others believe the responsibility of identifying and verifying information lies with the individual user.