Advanced Study Material for Class 12 Chemistry: Organic Compound Glucose
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Practice Class 12 Chemistry Resources: Organic Compound Glucose
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ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND: 8 (GLUCOSE)
Systematic qualitative analysis table for the given organic compound (Glucose) showing preliminary tests, tests for aliphatic or aromatic nature, and tests for saturation or unsaturation. [5 Marks]
Answer:
| Sno | Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Odour: Note the Odour of the organic compound | No characteristic odour | Absence of benzaldehyde, phenol, amine, ester |
| 2 | Test with litmus paper: Touch the Moist litmus paper with an organic compound. | No colour change is noted | Absence of carboxylic acid, phenol and amine |
| 3 | Action with sodium bicarbonate: Take 2ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution in a test tube. Add 2-3 drops (or a pinch of solid) of an organic compound to it. | No brisk effervescence is observed | Absence of a carboxylic acid. |
| 4 | Action with Borsch's Reagent: Take a small amount of an organic compound in a test tube. Add 3 ml of Borsche's reagent, 1 ml of Conc HCl to it, then warm the mixture gently and cool it. | Yellow or orange precipitate | Presence of an aldehyde |
| 5 | Charring test: Take a small amount of an organic compound in a dry test tube. Add 2 ml of conc H2SO4 to it, and heat the mixture. | Charring takes place with smell of burnt sugar | Presence of carbohydrates |
| 6 | Ignition test: Take small amount of the organic compound in a Nickel spatula and burn it in Bunsen flame. | Burns with non sooty flame | Presence of an aliphatic compound |
| 7 | Test with bromine water: Take small amount of the organic compound in a test tube add 2 ml of distilled water to dissolve it. To this solution add few drops of bromine water and shake it well. | No decolouration takes place | Substance is saturated |
| 8 | Test with KMnO4 solution: Take small amount of organic compound in test tube add 2 ml of distilled water to dissolve it and few drops of very dil alkaline KMnO4 solution and shake it well. | No decolouration takes place | Substance is saturated |
Teacher's Note:
a) Systematic identification proceeds from general preliminary physical tests to specific functional group tests.
b) Always record exact observations like color changes, precipitate formation, or effervescence rather than direct conclusions.
c) The charring test with concentrated sulfuric acid is a characteristic confirmatory test for carbohydrates.
d) Borsch's reagent (2,4-DNP) detects carbonyl compounds, whereas specific group tests differentiate aldehydes from ketones.
1. Tollen's reagent test:
Take 2 ml of Tollen's reagent in a clean dry test tube. Add 3-4 drops of an organic compound to it, and warm the mixture on a water bath for about 2 minutes. [2 Marks]
Answer:
1. Observation: Shining silver mirror is formed.
2. Inference: Presence of an aldehyde.
Teacher's Note:
a) Tollen's reagent is ammoniacal silver nitrate solution.
b) The formation of a silver mirror indicates the reduction of Ag+ ions to metallic silver by the aldehyde group.
2. Fehling's test:
Take 1 ml each of Fehling's solution A and B are taken in a test tube. Add 4-5 drops of an organic compound (or 0.2g of solid) to it, and warm the mixture on a water bath for about 5 minutes. [2 Marks]
Answer:
1. Observation: Red precipitate is formed.
2. Inference: Presence of an aldehyde.
Teacher's Note:
a) Fehling's solution A is aqueous copper sulfate and solution B is alkaline sodium potassium tartrate (Rochelle salt).
b) Cu2+ ions are reduced to red cuprous oxide (Cu2O) precipitate by aliphatic aldehydes.
3. TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES - Molisch's test:
Take a small amount of an organic compound in a test tube. It is dissolved in 2 ml of water. Add 3-4 drops of a-napthol to it. Then add conc. H2SO4 through the sides of the test tube carefully. [2 Marks]
Answer:
1. Observation: Violet or purple ring is formed at the junction of the two liquids.
2. Inference: Presence of carbohydrate.
Teacher's Note:
a) Molisch's test is a general test for all carbohydrates.
b) Concentrated sulfuric acid dehydrates carbohydrates to form furfural derivatives which condense with a-naphthol to give a purple colored complex.
4. OSAZONE TEST:
Take a small amount of an organic compound in a test tube. Add 1 ml of phenylhydrazine solution and heat the mixture for about 5 minutes on boiling water bath. [2 Marks]
Answer:
1. Observation: Yellow crystals are obtained.
2. Inference: Presence of carbohydrate.
Teacher's Note:
a) Reducing sugars react with excess phenylhydrazine to form characteristic crystalline derivatives known as osazones.
b) Care must be taken to heat on a boiling water bath for the exact duration to obtain proper crystal structures.
5. Report:
The given organic compound contains ;
(i) Aliphatic
(ii) Saturated
(iii) Aldehyde functional group
So, The given organic compound is Glucose. [2 Marks]
Answer:
1. The systematic qualitative analysis confirms the presence of an aliphatic saturated aldehyde group along with carbohydrate reactions.
2. Combining all chemical test results identifies the unknown organic sample as Glucose.
Teacher's Note:
a) Glucose is an aldohexose containing five hydroxyl groups and one aldehyde group.
b) Final identification requires compiling observations from functional group tests and specific carbohydrate tests.
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Useful Resources and Notes for Class 12 Chemistry Organic Compound Glucose
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