Class 12 Chemistry Study Guide: Class 12 Chemistry Practicals Analysis Of Organic Compound Cinnamic Acid
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ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND: 6. (CINNAMIC ACID) [5 Marks]
Perform the systematic qualitative analysis for the given organic compound (Cinnamic Acid) and record the experiments, observations, and inferences in a tabular form.
Answer:
| S.No. | Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Odour: Note the Odour of the organic compound | No characteristic odour | Absence of amine, benzaldehyde, phenol, ester |
| 2 | Test with litmus paper: Touch the Moist litmus paper with an organic compound. | Blue litmus turns red | May be Carboxylic acid (or) phenol |
| 3 | Action with sodium bicarbonate: Take 2ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution in a test tube. Add 2-3 drops (or a pinch of solid) of an organic compound to it. | Brisk effervescence is observed | Presence of a carboxylic acid. |
| 4 | Action with Borsch's Reagent: Take a small amount of an organic compound in a test tube. Add 3 ml of Borsche's reagent, 1 ml of Conc HCl to it, then warm the mixture gently and cool it. | No yellow or orange or red precipitate obtained | Absence of aldehyde or ketone |
| 5 | Charring test: Take a small amount of an organic compound in a dry test tube. Add 2 ml of conc H2SO4 to it, and heat the mixture. | No charring takes place | Absence of carbohydrate |
| 6 | Ignition test: Take small amount of the organic compound in a Nickel spatula and burn it in Bunsen flame. | Burns with sooty flame | Presence of an aromatic compound |
| 7 | Test with bromine water: Take small amount of the organic compound in a test tube add 2 ml of distilled water to dissolve it. To this solution add few drops of bromine water and shake it well. | Orange-Yellow colour of bromine water is decolouration | Substance is unsaturated |
| 8 | Test with KMnO4 solution: Take small amount of organic compound in test tube add 2 ml of distilled water to dissolve it and few drops of very dil alkaline KMnO4 solution and shake it well. | Pink colour of KMnO4 solution is decolourised | Substance is unsaturated |
Teacher's Note:
a) Systematic organic analysis proceeds from preliminary physical examination to functional group identification.
b) A common student mistake is misinterpreting the sodium bicarbonate test where weak phenols might be confused with carboxylic acids; remember only carboxylic acids give brisk effervescence of CO2.
c) Cinnamic acid contains both a carboxyl group and an unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond, confirmed by both sodium bicarbonate and bromine water tests.
d) Always perform tests in a clean test tube and note down immediate colour changes or gas evolution.
TEST FOR SELECTED ORGANIC FUNCTIONAL GROUP
Test for Carboxylic acid
| Sl. No. | Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Esterification reaction: Take 1 ml or a pinch of an organic compound in a clean test tube. Add 1 ml of ethyl alcohol and 4 - 5 drops of Conc. H2SO4 to it. Heat the reaction mixture strongly about 5 minutes. Then pour the mixture in to beaker containing dil. Na2CO3 solution and note the smell. | A pleasant fruity odour is noted. | Presence of carboxylic group |
Answer:
1. The esterification test confirms the presence of a carboxylic acid functional group by producing a pleasant fruity odour due to ester formation.
2. Report:
The given organic compound contains:
(i) Aromatic nature
(ii) Unsaturation
(iii) Carboxylic acid functional group
3. Conclusion: The given organic compound is Cinnamic acid.
Teacher's Note:
a) Concentrated H2SO4 acts as a dehydrating and catalytic agent in the esterification reaction.
b) Sodium carbonate solution neutralizes unreacted acid and releases the fruity ester vapor clearly.
c) Cinnamic acid contains an aromatic benzene ring and an unsaturated acrylic side chain.
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