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Analysis of Organic Compound – 2. Cinnamaldehyde
| S. No. | Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preliminary tests | |||
| 1 | Odour: Note the odour of the organic compound. | No characteristic odour. | Absence of benzaldehyde, phenol, amine and ester. |
| 2 | Test with litmus paper: Touch moist litmus paper with the organic compound. | No colour change is noted. | Absence of a carboxylic acid, phenol and amine. |
| 3 | Action with sodium bicarbonate: Take 2 mL of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution in a test tube. Add 2–3 drops (or a pinch of solid) of the organic compound to it. | No brisk effervescence is observed. | Absence of a carboxylic acid. |
| 4 | Action with Borsche's reagent: Take a small amount of the organic compound in a test tube. Add 3 mL of Borsche's reagent and 1 mL of conc. HCl to it. Warm the mixture gently and cool it. | Yellow or orange precipitate. | Presence of an aldehyde. |
| 5 | Charring test: Take a small amount of the organic compound in a dry test tube. Add 2 mL of conc. \(\mathrm{H_2SO_4}\) to it and heat the mixture. | No charring takes place. | Absence of carbohydrate. |
| Tests for aliphatic or aromatic nature | |||
| 6 | Ignition test: Take a small amount of the organic compound on a nickel spatula and burn it in a Bunsen flame. | Burns with a sooty flame. | Presence of an aromatic compound. |
| Test for saturation or unsaturation | |||
| 7 | Test with bromine water: Take a small amount of the organic compound in a test tube and add 2 mL of distilled water to dissolve it. Add a few drops of bromine water to this solution and shake it well. | The orange-yellow colour of bromine water is decolourised. | The substance is unsaturated. |
| 8 | Test with \(\mathrm{KMnO_4}\) solution: Take a small amount of the organic compound in a test tube, add 2 mL of distilled water to dissolve it, and add a few drops of very dilute alkaline \(\mathrm{KMnO_4}\) solution. Shake it well. | The pink colour of the \(\mathrm{KMnO_4}\) solution is decolourised. | The substance is unsaturated. |
Selected tests for organic functional groups
Test for aldehydes
| S. No. | Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tollens' reagent test: Take 2 mL of Tollens' reagent in a clean, dry test tube. Add 3–4 drops of the organic compound to it and warm the mixture on a water bath for about 2 minutes. | A shining silver mirror is formed. | Presence of an aldehyde. |
| 2 | Fehling's test: Take 1 mL each of Fehling's solution A and B in a test tube. Add 4–5 drops of the organic compound (or 0.2 g of solid) and warm the mixture on a water bath for about 5 minutes. | No red precipitate is formed. | Absence of an aliphatic aldehyde (aromatic aldehydes do not respond to Fehling's test). |
Report
The given organic compound contains:
- Aromatic
- Unsaturated
- Aldehyde functional group
So, the given organic compound is Cinnamaldehyde.
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Useful Resources and Notes for Class 12 Chemistry Organic Compound Cinnamaldehyde
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