Advanced Study Material for Class 12 Chemistry: Organic Compound Benzophenone
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ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND: 4. (BENZOPHENONE)
1. Tabulate the experiment, observation, and inference for the systematic analysis of the given organic compound (Benzophenone) covering preliminary tests, aromatic nature, and saturation tests as shown in the practical record.
Answer:
| S.No. | Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Odour: Note the odour of the organic compound. | No characteristics odour | Absence of carboxylic acid, benzaldehyde, phenol, amine, ester |
| 2 | Test with litmus paper: Touch the moist litmus paper with an organic compound. | No colour change is noted | Absence of carboxylic acid, phenol and amine |
| 3 | Action with sodium bicarbonate: Take 2 ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution in a test tube. Add 2-3 drops (or a pinch of solid) of an organic compound to it. | No brisk effervescence is observed | Absence of a carboxylic acid. |
| 4 | Action with Borsch's Reagent: Take a small amount of an organic compound in a test tube. Add 3 ml of Borsche's reagent, 1 ml of conc HCl to it, then warm the mixture gently and cool it. | Yellow or orange (or) red precipitate | Presence of ketone |
| 5 | Charring test: Take a small amount of an organic compound in a dry test tube. Add 2 ml of conc H2SO4 to it, and heat the mixture. | No charring takes place | Absence of carbohydrate |
| 6 | Ignition test: Take small amount of the organic compound in a Nickel spatula and burn it in Bunsen flame. | Burns with sooty flame | Presence of an aromatic compound |
| 7 | Test with bromine water: Take small amount of the organic compound in a test tube add 2 ml of distilled water to dissolve it. To this solution add few drops of bromine water and shake it well. | No decolouration takes place | Substance is saturated |
| 8 | Test with KMnO4 solution: Take small amount of organic compound in test tube add 2 ml of distilled water to dissolve it and few drops of very dil alkaline KMnO4 solution and shake it well. | No decolouration takes place | Substance is saturated |
Teacher's Note:
a) Systematic qualitative analysis involves preliminary tests, detection of functional groups, and confirmation tests.
b) Formation of a coloured precipitate with Borsch's reagent (2,4-DNP) confirms the presence of a carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone).
c) A sooty flame during ignition indicates high carbon percentage characteristic of aromatic systems.
d) Lack of reaction with bromine water and alkaline potassium permanganate confirms the absence of aliphatic unsaturation (alkenes/alkynes).
TEST FOR SELECTED ORGANIC FUNCTIONAL GROUP
TEST FOR KETONE:
| Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Legal's test: A small amount of the organic substance is taken in a test tube. Add 1 ml of sodium nitroprusside solution is added and then sodium hydroxide solution is added dropwise. | Red colouration. | Presence of ketone. |
Answer:
1. The experiment confirms the presence of the ketone functional group.
2. Legal's test yields a characteristic red coloration for ketones.
Teacher's Note:
a) Legal's test uses sodium nitroprusside in alkaline medium to detect methyl ketones and other compounds with active methylene groups.
b) Ensure sodium hydroxide is added dropwise to observe the transient red color clearly without overheating.
REPORT:
The given organic compound contains :
(i) Aromatic
(ii) Saturated
(iii) Ketone functional group
So, The given organic compound is Benzophenone.
Answer:
1. Nature: Aromatic.
2. Saturation: Saturated.
3. Functional Group: Ketone.
4. Name of Compound: Benzophenone (C6H5COC6H5).
Teacher's Note:
a) Benzophenone is a diaryl ketone with two phenyl rings attached to a carbonyl carbon.
b) Systematic reporting requires combining preliminary tests, functional group detection, and confirmatory tests to deduce the exact structure.
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Chemistry Class 12 Exam Resources: Organic Compound Benzophenone
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