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ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND: 5. (BENZOIC ACID)
1. Tabulate the experiment, observation, and inference for the preliminary tests, aliphatic or aromatic nature tests, and unsaturation tests of the given organic compound (Benzoic Acid) as shown in the laboratory manual. [5 Marks]
Answer:
Table of Analysis for Organic Compound (Benzoic Acid)
| SNo | Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Odour: Note the Odour of the organic compound | No characteristics odour | Absence of benzaldehyde, phenol, amine, ester |
| 2 | Test with litmus paper: Touch the Moist litmus paper with an organic compound. | Blue litmus turns red | May be Carboxylic acid (or) phenol |
| 3 | Action with sodium bicarbonate: Take 2 ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution in a test tube. Add 2-3 drops (or a pinch of solid) of an organic compound to it. | Brisk effervescence is observed | Presence of carboxylic acid |
| 4 | Action with Borsch's Reagent: Take a small amount of an organic compound in a test tube. Add 3 ml of Borsche's reagent, 1 ml of Conc HCl to it, then warm the mixture gently and cool it. | No Yellow or Orange precipitate obtained | Absence of aldehyde or ketone |
| 5 | Charring test: Take a small amount of an organic compound in a dry test tube. Add 2 ml of conc H2SO4 to it, and heat the mixture. | No charring takes place | Absence of carbohydrate |
| 6 | Ignition test: Take small amount of the organic compound in a Nickel spatula and burn it in Bunsen flame. | Burns with sooty flame | Presence of an aromatic compound |
| 7 | Test with bromine water: Take small amount of the organic compound in a test tube add 2 ml of distilled water to dissolve it. To this solution add few drops of bromine water and shake it well. | No decolouration takes place | Substance is saturated |
| 8 | Test with KMnO4 solution: Take small amount of organic compound in test tube add 2 ml of distilled water to dissolve it and few drops of very dil alkaline KMnO4 solution and shake it well. | No decolouration takes place | Substance is saturated |
Teacher's Note:
a) Systematic qualitative analysis requires proceeding from preliminary physical examinations to specific functional group identification.
b) Brisk effervescence with sodium bicarbonate is the confirmatory characteristic test for the carboxylic acid functional group.
c) A sooty flame during the ignition test confirms the presence of an aromatic ring structure in the organic compound.
d) Lack of decolouration with bromine water and alkaline KMnO4 indicates the absence of aliphatic unsaturation (double or triple bonds) in the side chain.
TEST FOR SELECTED ORGANIC FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
TEST FOR ACIDS
1. Esterification reaction:
Take 1 ml or a pinch of an organic compound in a clean test tube. Add 1 ml of ethyl alcohol and 4 - 5 drops of Conc. H2SO4 to it. Heat the reaction mixture strongly about 5 minutes. Then pour the mixture in to beaker containing dil. Na2CO3 solution and note the smell. [2 Marks]
| Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|---|---|
| Take 1 ml or a pinch of an organic compound in a clean test tube. Add 1 ml of ethyl alcohol and 4 - 5 drops of Conc. H2SO4 to it. Heat the reaction mixture strongly about 5 minutes. Then pour the mixture in to beaker containing dil. Na2CO3 solution and note the smell. | A pleasant fruity odour is noted. | Presence of carboxylic group |
Answer:
1. The organic compound reacts with ethyl alcohol in the presence of concentrated H2SO4 to form an ester.
2. The pleasant fruity odour confirms the formation of an ester, which indicates the presence of a carboxylic acid functional group.
Teacher's Note:
a) Concentrated H2SO4 acts as a dehydrating agent and catalyst in this esterification reaction.
b) Dilute Na2CO3 neutralises unreacted acid and enhances the fruity smell of the ester.
REPORT:
The given organic compound contains ;
(i) Aromatic
(ii) Saturated
(iii) Carboxylic acid functional group
So, The given organic compound is Benzoic acid. [2 Marks]
Answer:
1. Preliminary and confirmatory tests establish that the given organic compound is aromatic and saturated.
2. The esterification test confirms the presence of a carboxylic acid group, leading to the final identification of Benzoic acid (C6H5COOH).
Teacher's Note:
a) Benzoic acid is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid.
b) Ensure all physical and chemical tests are systematically recorded before arriving at the final report.
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CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Study Material: Organic Compound Benzoic Acid
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