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Analysis of Organic Compound – 7. Urea
| S. No. | Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preliminary tests | |||
| 1 | Odour: Note the odour of the organic compound. | Fish odour | May be an amine |
| 2 | Test with litmus paper: Touch moist litmus paper with the organic compound. | Red litmus turns blue | The compound is neutral: absence of a carboxylic acid, phenol and amine. |
| 3 | Action with sodium bicarbonate: Take 2 mL of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution in a test tube. Add 2–3 drops (or a pinch of solid) of the organic compound to it. | No brisk effervescence is observed. | Absence of a carboxylic acid. |
| 4 | Action with Borsche's reagent: Take a small amount of the organic compound in a test tube. Add 3 mL of Borsche's reagent and 1 mL of conc. HCl to it. Warm the mixture gently and cool it. | Yellow (or) orange (or) red precipitate | Presence of ketone |
| 5 | Charring test: Take a small amount of the organic compound in a dry test tube. Add 2 mL of conc. \(\mathrm{H_2SO_4}\) to it and heat the mixture. | No charring takes place. | Absence of carbohydrate. |
| Tests for aliphatic or aromatic nature | |||
| 6 | Ignition test: Take a small amount of the organic compound on a nickel spatula and burn it in a Bunsen flame. | Burns with a non-sooty flame. | Presence of an aliphatic compound. |
| Test for saturation or unsaturation | |||
| 7 | Test with bromine water: Take a small amount of the organic compound in a test tube and add 2 mL of distilled water to dissolve it. Add a few drops of bromine water to this solution and shake it well. | No decolouration takes place. | The substance is saturated. |
| 8 | Test with \(\mathrm{KMnO_4}\) solution: Take a small amount of the organic compound in a test tube, add 2 mL of distilled water to dissolve it, and add a few drops of very dilute alkaline \(\mathrm{KMnO_4}\) solution. Shake it well. | No decolouration takes place. | The substance is saturated. |
Selected tests for organic functional groups
Test for diamide
| S. No. | Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Biuret test: Take a small amount of the organic compound in a test tube. Heat it strongly and then allow it to cool. Dissolve the residue in 2 mL of water. To this solution add 1 mL of dilute \(\mathrm{CuSO_4}\) solution and a few drops of 10% NaOH solution, drop by drop. | A violet colour appears. | Presence of a diamide. |
Report
The given organic compound contains:
- Aliphatic
- Saturated
- Diamide functional group
So, the given organic compound is Urea.
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Useful Resources and Notes for Class 12 Chemistry Organic Compound Urea
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