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Analysis of Organic Compound – 9. Aniline
| S. No. | Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preliminary tests | |||
| 1 | Odour: Note the odour of the organic compound. | Fish-like odour. | May be an amine. |
| 2 | Test with litmus paper: Touch moist litmus paper with the organic compound. | Red litmus turns blue. | May be an amine. |
| 3 | Action with sodium bicarbonate: Take 2 mL of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution in a test tube. Add 2–3 drops (or a pinch of solid) of the organic compound to it. | No brisk effervescence is observed. | Absence of a carboxylic acid. |
| 4 | Action with Borsche's reagent: Take a small amount of the organic compound in a test tube. Add 3 mL of Borsche's reagent and 1 mL of conc. HCl to it. Warm the mixture gently and cool it. | No yellow, orange or red precipitate is obtained. | Absence of an aldehyde or a ketone. |
| 5 | Charring test: Take a small amount of the organic compound in a dry test tube. Add 2 mL of conc. \(\mathrm{H_2SO_4}\) to it and heat the mixture. | No charring takes place. | Absence of carbohydrate. |
| Tests for aliphatic or aromatic nature | |||
| 6 | Ignition test: Take a small amount of the organic compound on a nickel spatula and burn it in a Bunsen flame. | Burns with a sooty flame. | Presence of an aromatic compound. |
| Test for saturation or unsaturation | |||
| 7 | Test with bromine water: Take a small amount of the organic compound in a test tube and add 2 mL of distilled water to dissolve it. Add a few drops of bromine water to this solution and shake it well. | Decolouration of bromine water and formation of a white precipitate. | Presence of an aromatic amine or phenol. |
| 8 | Test with \(\mathrm{KMnO_4}\) solution: Take a small amount of the organic compound in a test tube, add 2 mL of distilled water to dissolve it, and add a few drops of very dilute alkaline \(\mathrm{KMnO_4}\) solution. Shake it well. | No decolouration takes place. | The substance is saturated. |
Selected tests for organic functional groups
Test for amine
| S. No. | Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dye test: Take a small amount of the organic substance in a clean test tube and add 2 mL of HCl to dissolve it. Add a few crystals of \(\mathrm{NaNO_2}\) and cool the mixture in an ice bath. Then add 2 mL of an ice-cold solution of β-naphthol in NaOH. | A scarlet red dye is obtained. | Presence of an aromatic primary amine. |
Report
The given organic compound contains:
- Aromatic
- Saturated
- Amine functional group
So, the given organic compound is Aniline.
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Free CBSE Study Guides: Class 12 Chemistry Organic Compound Aniline
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