Advanced Study Material for Class 12 Chemistry: Organic Compound Acetophenone
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ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND: 3. (ACETOPHENONE) [5 Marks]
Perform the systematic qualitative analysis for the given organic compound (Acetophenone) and record the experiments, observations, and inferences.
Answer:
Systematic Analysis of Acetophenone
| S.No. | Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preliminary tests | |||
| 1 | Odour: Note the Odour of the organic compound. | No characteristic odour | Absence of benzaldehyde, phenol, amine, ester |
| 2 | Test with litmus paper: Touch the moist litmus paper with an organic compound. | No colour change is noted | Absence of carboxylic acid, phenol and amine |
| 3 | Action with sodium bicarbonate: Take 2 ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution in a test tube. Add 2-3 drops (or a pinch of solid) of an organic compound to it. | No brisk effervescence is observed | Absence of a carboxylic acid |
| 4 | Action with Borsche's Reagent: Take a small amount of an organic compound in a test tube. Add 3 ml of Borsche's reagent, 1 ml of conc HCl to it, then warm the mixture gently and cool it. | Yellow or Orange or Red precipitate obtained | Presence of ketone |
| 5 | Charring test: Take a small amount of an organic compound in a dry test tube. Add 2 ml of conc H2SO4 to it, and heat the mixture. | No charring takes place | Absence of carbohydrate |
| Tests for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature: | |||
| 6 | Ignition test: Take small amount of the organic compound in a Nickel spatula and burn it in Bunsen flame. | Burns with sooty flame | Presence of an aromatic compound |
| Test for Saturation or Unsaturation: | |||
| 7 | Test with bromine water: Take small amount of the organic compound in a test tube add 2 ml of distilled water to dissolve it. To this solution add few drops of bromine water and shake it well. | No decolouration takes place | Substance is saturated (with respect to aliphatic chain or side-chain unsaturation under these mild conditions) |
| 8 | Test with KMnO4 solution: Take small amount of organic compound in test tube add 2 ml distilled water to dissolve it and few drops of very dil alkaline KMnO4 solution and shaken well. | No decolourisation takes place | Substance is saturated |
Teacher's Note:
a) Systematic functional group analysis helps isolate specific organic moieties step by step.
b) Ensure proper reagent concentrations are used, especially for Borsche's reagent and sulfuric acid, to avoid false observations.
c) A sooty flame in the ignition test is a primary indicator of an aromatic ring system.
d) Carbonyl compounds like acetophenone specifically react with 2,4-DNP (Borsche's reagent) yielding colored crystalline hydrazone precipitates.
TEST FOR SELECTED ORGANIC FUNCTIONAL GROUP
TEST FOR KETONE
| Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Legal's test: A small amount of the organic substance is taken in a test tube. Add 1 ml of sodium nitro prusside solution is added. Then sodium hydroxide solution is added in dropwise. | Red colouration. | Presence of ketone |
REPORT:
The given organic compound contains :
(i) Aromatic
(ii) saturated
(iii) Ketones functional group
So, The given organic compound is Acetophenone.
Answer:
1. The experiment performed is Legal's test to detect the presence of ketone functional group.
2. The observation of red colouration confirms the presence of a ketone group.
3. Combining the preliminary and functional group test results, the given organic compound is identified as Acetophenone (C6H5COCH3).
Teacher's Note:
a) Legal's test uses sodium nitroprusside and sodium hydroxide to form a coloured complex with compounds having active methylene groups adjacent to a carbonyl group.
b) Acetophenone is an aromatic ketone containing a benzene ring attached to a carbonyl carbon.
c) Ensure sodium hydroxide is added dropwise to observe the characteristic red or blood-red colouration clearly.
d) The structure of Acetophenone is C6H5COCH3, which gives positive tests for both aromatic nature and ketone functionality.
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CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Study Material: Organic Compound Acetophenone
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