CBSE Class 8 Social Science The Revolt Of 1857 Worksheet

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Worksheet for Class 8 Social Science Our Past III Chapter 5 When People Rebel 1857 and After

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Class 8 Social Science Worksheet for Our Past III Chapter 5 When People Rebel 1857 and After

EARLY REVOLTS OR MINOR REVOLTS

The British rule angered the people in every part of the country. In the process of conquest, the British not only enraged the rulers whose kingdoms were annexed and their nobles, but also a large number of other people. There were Number of revolts between 1765 and 1856 in different parts of the country. Many of these were revolts by Peasants and Tribals and also by Soldiers. There were others led by dispossessed rulers and Zamindars
and chiefs.

Some Minor Revolts before the Revolt of 1857 :-

(i) The first major revolt in Bengal was led by Sanyasis and Fakirs and spread to many areas of eastern India. Most of these rebels were peasants who formed their armies.

(ii) There were a number of tribal revolts during this period, the revolts of the Bhils in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra, Kols in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, Gonds and Khonds in Orissa, Kolis in Maharashtra, Mers in Rajasthan.

(iii) From 1795 to 1805, an anti-British rebellion broke out in southern parts of the country. The rebellion was led by the Zamindars, or Poligars.

(iv) There were mutinies by the sepoys of the Company's army, Vellore Mutiny in 1806 and the Barrackpore Mutinty in 1824. The mutiny was brutally suppressed and hundreds of sepoys were sentenced to death.

(v) Another powerful revolt during this period was that of the Wahabis, the followers of a Muslim sect founded by Sayyid Ahmad Barehvi. They urged the people to join in a holy war to overthrow the British rule. The anti-British activities of the Wahabis continued from 1830 till after the revolt of 1857. Most of
these revolts were, however, localized occurrences. Even though it took the British a long time to suppress some of them, they did not pose a serious danger to the British rule in India.

CAUSES OF THE REVOLT OF 1857

(i) Political causes (ii) Social and economic causes (iii) Religious causes (iv) Military causes (v) Immediate causes

*Political Causes : The causes of discontent among the Indian rulers were as follows:

(i) The policy of conquest pursued by the British had created unrest among many rulers, and chiefs.

(ii) The strict enforcement of the policies of Subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse made people angry

(iii) The annexation of Oudh and the Carnatic kindgom, on grounds of misgovernment, was greatly resented,

(iv) The Mughal Emperor himself was told that his successors would not be recognised as kings and he had to leave the historic Red Fort.

These actions of British created unrest among the ruling families who had lost their power and put fear in others that a similar fate awaited them.

*Social and economic Causes

(i) British started interfering in the social and religious customs like the abolition of the practice of Sati, widow remarriage, conversion of Hindu into Christians and the promotion of western education were considered to be damaging the fabric of the traditional Indian society.

 

The Revolt of 1857

1. The revolt of 1857 has also been referred to as the first war of ___________________.

2. Mangal Pandey refused to use greased ___________________________.

3. The sepoys the Meerut regiment captured Delhi and declared _____________________ as the emperor of India.

4. ______________________ has led the revolt at Bareilly.

5. Bahadur Shah zafar was exiled to _________________.

6. At Kanpur the revolt was led by _____________________.

7. ____________________ annexed Jhansi under the Doctrine of Lapse.

8. ___________________ led the revolt at Lucknow.

9. ____________________ was the able commander of Nana Sahib‟s forces.

10. The British soldiers were entitled to a foreign service allowance or _____________________.

11. ______________________ introduced the Doctrine of Lapse.

12. ____________________ was the last Mugal Emperor.

 

The Revolt of 1857

1. According to the _______________________ , if a ruler did not leave any male heir, the land became the property of the Bristish East India company.

2. Mughal Emperor Bahadurshah Zafar and his successors were ordered to leave the red fort by ______________________

3. ________________________ announced that Bahadurshah‟s successors would not be allowed to use the title of the king.

4. _______________________ was proclaimed the emperor of India by the rebels.

5. ________________________ had let the revolt at Bareilly.

6.At Kanpur, the revolt was led by ______________________, the adopted son of the last peshwa.

 

REVOLT OF 1857
 
 
Question: What kind of revolts took place before the revolt of 1857? 
Answer : There were many revolts between 1765 and 1856. The people who revolted were mainly deprived landlords, disbanded soldiers, tribal people and impoverished peasants and artisans. These uprisings testify to the gradual dissatisfaction of the people against the British exploitation. This resentment resulted in a number of uprisings; the most significant among was the revolt of 1857. 
 
Question: What were tribal revolts? Why did they take place? 
Answer :
 The British annexed large pieces of tribal lands to cultivate cash crops. This rendered the tribal people landless. They were forced to work as laborers. Customary rights like forest and pasturage rights were taken from them. This led to the most legendary Tribal revolt by the Santhals of Bengal and Bihar. 
 
Question: What were the political causes for the revolt of 1857?
Answer : 
The British policy of Subsidiary Alliance. Annexation under the pretext of mal-administration. Doctrine of Lapse - in the absence of a natural heir, the kingdom lapsed in to the hands of the British. The sentiments of the people were hurt. All these created alarm and discontent which gave way to the First War of Independence – The Great Revolt of 1857. 
 
Question: What were the social causes for the revolt of 1857?
Answer :  
British interference in the Indian religious customs and traditions. Forceful conversion of religion. The Hindus and Muslims where forced by Christian missionaries to embrace Christianity. The social order of the centuries felt threatened when great reformers started abolishing practices of sati and female infanticide. Widow Remarriage was legalized. High ranking jobs were always given to the British.  The education reduced the importance of the Pandits and maulvis. 
 
Question: What were the economic causes for the revolt of 1857? 
Answer : The British confiscated land which ruined the farmers. Cash tax payment ruined the peasants. British goods were sold at a cheaper rate in the Indian market because of the Industrial revolution across the globe. This ruined the Indian industry. 
Royal patronage to poets, musicians, artists, was withdrawn which rendered them penniless. Soldiers lost their jobs. 
 
Question: What were the military causes for the revolt of 1857? 
Answer : The Indian soldiers were paid very little wages compared to the British soldiers. 
The Indian soldiers were considered inferior to the British soldiers and were continuously abused and humiliated. 
The Indian sepoys were not selected for the higher posts in the army and the highest rank they could get was the post of a subedar. 
The British forced Indian soldiers to fight wars outside India which was not acceptable to the Indian soldiers. 
The high and the low caste Indian soldiers were treated equally and was a great disappointment to the higher caste soldiers. 
All these factors caused the revolt of 1857. 
 
Consequences of the War of Independence 
1. Changes in the administrative set up: end of company’s rule, actual governance was to be carried on as before by the Governor General who was also given the title of Viceroy or Crown’s personal representatives. 
2. Queen Victoria’s proclamation, 1858: policy towards Indian Princes and Chiefs. 
3. End of the Peshwa and the Mughal rule 
4. Promises to the people. 
5. Changes in army organization 
6. Policy of divide and rule 
7. Increased economic exploitation. 
8. Rise of nationalism in India
 
First War of Independence, 1857
 
Immediate Cause --> * Soldiers made to bite off ends of greased cartridges in ‘Enfield Rifles’ having fat of cows and pigs
* Barrackpore – Mangal Pande refused to use catridges and attacked Adjutant of his regiment, for fear of moss of his caste and religion. (Arrested and hanged on 8th April, 1857)
 
Events --> Delhi
* Revolutionaries killed British soldiers, captured Delhi, and proclaimed Bahadur Shah II the ruler of India.
* British adamant on recapturing Delhi; Sir John Nicholson along with loyal Sikh soldiers captured Delhi after four months.
* Bahadur Shah sentenced to life imprisonment; Two sons were killed before him. – End of Mughal Rule
 
Kanpur
* Led by Nana Sahib, adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II.
* General Havelock captured Kanpur after defeating Nana Sahib, on 17th June, 1857; Nana Sahib fled to Nepal.
* Tantia Tope captured Kanpur, but was defeated by the British.
 
Lucknow
* Led by Begum of Oudh; Sir Henry Lawrence shot dead.
* Defeated and recaptured by Sir Colin Campbell in 1858.
 
Central India
* Led by Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi and Tantia Tope.
* Occupied Gwalior
 
Causes --> Military
* General Service Enlistment Act, 1856
* Numerical Strength of Indian Soldiers
* Effect of Annexation of Oudh
* Unjust Treatment
* Loss of British Prestige in Afghan War
 
Religious
* Social and Religious Reforms – Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Raja Rammohan Roy
* Introduction of Railways and Telegraphs
* Government Support to Missionaries
* Introduction of New Laws – Lord Dalhousie
* Introduction of Modern Education
 
Economic
* Exploitation of Natural Resources
* Subordination of Indian Industry
* Collapse of Handicrafts and Cottage Industries
* Economic Draining of India
* Unemployment among People
* Resumption of Tax-free Lands – Confiscation by Lord Dalhousie; Introduction by Lord William Bentinck
* Unemployment, Poverty, and Famine
 
Political
* Policy of Annexation – Doctrine of Lapse; Lord Dalhousie; Annexed Satara, Jhansi, Nagpur.
* The Annexation of Oudh – Lord Dalhousie
* Disrespect shown to Bahadur Shah
* Disrespect to Nana Sahib and Rani of Jhansi
* Disbanding the Armies of the Annexed States
* Inefficient Handling of the Situation – Corrupt and greedy British officials.
* Spreading of a Rumor – Belief that rulers in India change after every 100 years.
Consequences --> End of Company’s Rule

Fill in the blanks:

1. A massive rebellion that started in ____________, threatened the company’s very presence in India.

2. _________________ had been stationed in many courts of rajas and nawabs.

3. The armed forces of the ___________ and ___________were disbanded.

4. ____________ was one of the last territories to be annexed by the British.

5. The name of the _____________ was removed from the coins minted by the company.

6. Awadh was taken over by the British in the year _____________.

7. The ____________ were unhappy about their pay, allowances and conditions of service.

8. The book ‘Majha Pravaas’ was written by ______________ .

9. ‘Sepoy to Subedar’ is an autobiography written by ________________ .

10. ____________,a soldier from Bareilly was a key military leader of the rebellion.

11. The ____________was the personal representative of the crown.

12. Thousands of labouring poor people were led by ___________ to fight for the establishment of the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace, This was known as the __________________(China).

State whether true or false:

1. Many peasant families tried to negotiate with the company to protect their interest. ( )

2. Peshwa Baji Rao II was the adopted son of Nana Saheb ( )

3. In 1801, a subsidiary alliance was imposed on Bengal ( )

4. After the death of Bahadur Shah Zafar his son was recognized as king ( )

5. Many people in India believed that if they cross the sea they would lose their religion and caste ( )

6. In 1850 a new law was passed to make the conversion to Christianity easier. ( )

7. The Nawab Wajid Ali Shah’s decision to bless the rebellion changed the entire situation. ( )

8. Ahmadullah Shah prophesied that the rule of the British would come to an end soon. ( )

9 Kunwar Singh an old zamindar from Bihar joined the rebels and fought the British many months. ( )

10. The British had to fight for two years to suppress the massive forces of the rebellion. ( )

13. Ruling of India came directly under the British crown after the revolt. ( )

15 The proportion of Indian soldiers was increased after the revolt. ( )

Tick the correct answer:

1. The main centers of the revolt were

a. Delhi b. Meerut c. Lucknow d. All of them

2. ___________ proclaimed himself Peshwa.

a. Nana Saheb b. Baji Rao c. Tantia Tope d. Mangal Pandey

3. _____________took an active part in organizing the uprising against the British

a. Zeenat mahal b. Begum Hazrat mahal c. Mumtaz Mahal

4. The company brought reinforcements from

a. Madras b. Bombay c. England d. Delhi

5. Delhi was recaptured from the rebel forces in ______________

a. September 1857 b. May 1857 c. June 1858

6. Lucknow was taken over by the British in

a. March 1858 b. September 1857 c June 1858

7. Hundreds of ____________ were tried and hanged.

a. sepoys b. nawabs c. rebels d. all of them

Put the following events in order:

1. 85 sepoys were dismissed from service and sentenced to ten years in jail. [ ]

2. A young soldier, Mangal Pandey was hanged to death in Barrackpore. [ ]

3. The soldiers marched to the Jail and released the imprisoned sepoys. [ ]

4. Sepoys at Meerut refused to do the army drill. [ ]

5. The regiments stationed in Delhi rose up in rebellion. [ ]

6. The sepoys declared war on the firangies. [ ]

7. The sepoys of Meerut rode all night of 10 May and reached Delhi the next morning. [ ]

8. They forced their way in to the palace and proclaimed BahadurShah Zafar as Their leader [ ]

I. Answer the following:

1. What were the causes of discontent among the Indian rulers and landlords?

2. Why were the social reforms initiated by the British resented by a section of Indian Society?

3. In what way were the Peasants and the Sepoys discontented by the British Company?

4. Explain the beginning of the Great Rebellion at Meerut? How did it reach Delhi?

5. The Soldiers proclaimed Bahadur Shah II as their leader. What was the political significance of this act?

6. List the main centers of revolt along with their leader’s role.

7. How did the East India Company fight back against the rebels of the Great uprising?

8. What were the main causes of the failure of the Revolt?

9. In what ways did the British change their policies after the rebellion of 1857?

10 On an outline map of India, show centers of Revolt.

 

II .Answer in a line:-

(a) Who was the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II?

(b) Name the last territory annexed by the British in India.

(c) Who was the last Mughal king of India as decided by the Governor-General in 1856?

(d) In what way did the Act of 1856 prove to be crucial in Indian history?

(e) Why did the sepoys refuse to use the new cartridges?

(f) Name the three nodal points of the revolt of 1857.

(g) What were the changes made in the army by the Act of 1858?

Our Past III Chapter 01 How When and Where
CBSE Class 8 Civics How When And Where Worksheet
Our Past III Chapter 02 From Trade to Territory
CBSE Class 8 History From Trade To Territory Worksheet
Our Past III Chapter 03 Ruling the Countryside
CBSE Class 8 History Ruling The Country Side Worksheet
Our Past III Chapter 04 Tribals Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age
CBSE Class 8 History Tribal Dikus And Vision Of A Golden Age Worksheet
Our Past III Chapter 05 When People Rebel 1857 and After
CBSE Class 8 Social Science The Revolt Of 1857 Worksheet
Our Past III Chapter 06 Civilising the Native Educating the Nation
CBSE Class 8 History Civilizing The Native Educating The Nation Worksheet
Our Past III Chapter 08 The Making of the National Movement 1870s 1947
CBSE Class 8 History The Making of the National Movement 1870s 1947 Worksheet
Our Past III Chapter 09 The Making of the National Movement: 1870s--1947
CBSE Class 8 Social Science National Movement Worksheet
Our Past III Chapter 10 India After Independence
CBSE Class 8 Social Science India After Independence Worksheet
Resourse and Developement Chapter 01 Resources
CBSE Class 8 Civics Resources Worksheet
Resourse and Developement Chapter 02 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Land Soil And Water Worksheet
Resourse and Developement Chapter 03 Agriculture
CBSE Class 8 Geography Agriculture Worksheet
Resourse and Developement Chapter 04 Industries
CBSE Class 8 Geography Industries Worksheet
Resourse and Developement Chapter 05 Human Resources
CBSE Class 8 Geography Human Resources Worksheet
Social and Political Life III Chapter 01 The Indian Constitution
CBSE Class 8 Civics The Indian Constitution Worksheet
Social and Political Life III Chapter 03 Parliament and the Making of Laws
CBSE Class 8 Civics Parliament and the Making of Laws Worksheet
Social and Political Life III Chapter 04 Judiciary
CBSE Class 8 Civics Judiciary Worksheet
Social and Political Life III Chapter 05 Understanding Marginalisation
CBSE Class 8 Civics Understanding Marginalization Worksheet
Social and Political Life III Chapter 07 Public Facilities
CBSE Class 8 Civics Public Facilities Worksheet
Social and Political Life III Chapter 08 Law And Social Justice
CBSE Class 8 Civics Law And Social Justice Worksheet

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