CBSE Class 12 Biology Reproductive Health Worksheet Set 02

Question: In tubectomy small incison is made on
a) Abdomen
b) Vagina
c) Uterus
d) Both (b) and (c)
Answer: a

Question: Surgical procedures for contraception in females is known as
a) Vasectomy
b) Tubectomy
c) MTP
d) None of these
Answer: b

Question: In the world, how many MTPs are performed in a year?
a) 0.045–0.050 billion
b) 45–50 billion
c) 45–50 million
d) Both (a) and (c)
Answer: d

Question: In vasectomy small incision is made on
a) Penis
b) Testicles
c) Scrotum
d) Vas deferens
Answer: c

Question: Disease or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called
a) Veneral disease
b) Reproductive tract infections
c) Sexually transmitted diseases
d) All of these
Answer: d

Question: Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term is called
a) Vasectomy
b) Tubectomy
c) Induced abortion
d) STD
Answer: c

Question: MTP is essential and helpful for
a) Getting rid of unwanted pregnancies due to unprotected sex
b) Getting rid of unwanted pregnancies due to failure of contraceptives
c) Medically when continuation of pregnancy is harmful for mother or foetus or both
d) All of these
Answer: d

Question: Government of India legalized MTP in the year
a) 1991
b) 1981
c) 1971
d) 2001
Answer: c

Question: Surgical methods function as a contraception method by
a) Increasing phagocytosis of sperms in the female reproductive tract
b) Blocking gamete transfer
c) Making uterus unsuitable for implantation
d) Reducing sperm motility
Answer: b

Very Short Answer Questions

Question: Reproductive health refers only to healthy reproductive functions. Comment.
Answer. Reproductive health refers to the total well-being in all aspects of reproduction, i.e., physical,behavioural, psychological and social.

Question: Give one reason to justify statutory ban on aminocentesis. 
Answer. Statutory ban on aminocentesis prevents female foeticide.

Question: In case of an infertile couple, the male partner can inseminate normally but the mobility of sperms is below 40 percent. Which kind of ART is suitable in this situation to form an embryo in the laboratory conditions, without involving a donor?
Answer. Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Short Answer Questions

Question: All reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are STDs but all STDs are not RTIs. Justify with example.
Answer. Among the common STDs, hepatitis-B and AIDS are not infections of the reproductive organs though their mode of transmission could be through sexual contact also. All other diseases like gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, are transmitted through sexual contact and are also infections of the reproductive tract.

Question: How do copper and hormone releasing IUDs act as contraceptives? Explain. 
Answer. The copper releasing IUDs release Cu ions, which suppress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms.
The hormone releasing IUDs make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to the sperms.

Question: What are the suggested reasons for population explosion?
Answer. The suggested reasons of population explosion are
(i) rapid decline in death rate.
(ii) decline in maternal mortality rate (MMR)
(iii) decline in infant mortality rate (IMR) and
(iv) increase in number of people in reproducible age.

Question: Why is medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) carried out?
Answer. MTP is carried out to get rid of unwanted pregnancies. It is also essential when the foetus is suffering from an incurable disease or when continuation of the pregnancy could be harmful or even fatal to the mother and/or foetus or terminate pregnancy in rape cases.

Question: A couple where both husband and wife are producing functional gametes, but the wife is still unable to conceive, is seeking medical aid. Describe any one method that you can suggest to this couple to become happy parents.
Answer. Methods: IVF/ZIFT/AI
IVF (In vitro fertilisation): Ova from wife and sperm from the husband is collected. It is induced to form zygote under simulated laboratory conditions.

Long Short Answer Questions

Question: A large number of married couples the world over are childless. It is shocking to know that in India the female partner is often blamed for the couple being childless.
(a) Why in your opinion the female partner is often blamed for such situations in India?
(b) State any two reasons responsible for the cause of infertility.
(c) Suggest a technique that can help the couple to have a child where the problem is with the male partner. 
Answer. (a) Female partner is often blamed due to following reasons:
(i) Social mind set
(ii) Inequality of sexes
(iii) Lack of awareness/male dominated society.
(iv) Awareness is to be created that abnormality can occur in both male and females and infertility issues with suitable examples
(v) Mutual respect towards both the partners in case of the problem and to find the remedy from medical experts
(vi) Educate them to find the reason and not believe in superstitions .
(b) Infertility is caused due to physical abnormality in reproductive system, congenital, immunological or psychological problems.
(c) Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), artificial insemination (AI), Intra uterine insemination (IUI) can help couples where the problem is with male partner.

Question: Explain how do the following act as contraceptives:
(a) CuT (b) ‘Saheli’ 
Answer. (a) Cu2+ ions released suppress sperm motility, lowers the fertilising capacity of sperms.
(b) Inhibit ovulation, implantation, as well as alter the quality of cervical mucus to prevent or retard the entry of sperms.

Question: A woman has certain queries as listed below, before starting with contraceptive pills. Answer them.
(a) What do contraceptive pills contain and how do they act as contraceptives?
(b) What schedule should be followed for taking these pills?
Answer. (a) Contraceptive pills contain progestogen or progestogen-estrogen combination.
They act by either of the following way:
(i) inhibit ovulation
(ii) inhibit implantation
(iii) alter quality of cervical mucus to prevent or retard entry of sperms.
(b) Contraceptive pills should be taken daily for a period of 21 days starting within first five days of menstrual cycle (to be repeated after a gap of 7 days).

Question: Explain the zygote intra-fallopian transfer technique (ZIFT). How is intra-uterine transfer technique (IUT) different from it?
Answer. Zygote intra fallopian transfer technique (ZIFT) is a technique of in vitro fertilisation wherein the zygote or early embryo having up to 8 blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian tube to complete its further development. Intra uterine transfer (IUT) technique is different from ZIFT as the embryos with more than 8 blastomeres are transferred into the uterus in IUT.

Question: (a) Name and explain the mode of action of any two types of IUDs.
(b) List the advantages of usng ‘Saheli’ as a contraceptive.
Answer. (a) Refer to basic concepts point 3 (iii).
(b) Advantages of Saheli:
(i) It is non-steroidal
(ii) It is taken only once a week
(iii) It has high contraceptive value
(iv) It has less side effects.