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Quick Notes: Class 10 English - First Flight Chapter 8 The Sermon at Benares
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Summary
Gautam Buddha (563 B.C to 483 B.C) was a prince. His parents had named him Siddhartha Gautama. He had been shielded from the sufferings of the world. At the age of twenty five he saw a sick man, an aged man and a dead man. He also saw an ascetic begging for alms. Unable to understand that, he went in search of spiritual knowledge.
After wandering for seven years, he sat under a Peepal tree and vowed that he would stay there until he got enlightenment. He got that after a week and named the tree as ‘Tree of Wisdom’. He himself came to be known as Buddha.
He gave his first sermon at Benares. This sermon contained ten important points. These points were conveyed through the story about Kisa Gotami whose only son had died. She went to people asking medicine for him. At last a man told her to go to Buddha, the Sakyamuni.
Buddha told her that he would cure her son if she brought some mustard seeds from a house where no death had taken place. Kisa went to many houses but was unable to find one where no death had been seen. She finally realised that death was common to all and no one could avoid dying. No one can save their relatives. People weep over their dead ones. It is only the wise who do not grieve as they have accepted the truth.
If a person weeps, his sufferings only become greater. Those who do not grieve have peace of mind and will overcome sorrow.
The Sermon at Benares Summary in hindi
गौतम बुद्ध (563 ईसा पूर्व से 483 ईसा पूर्व) एक राजकुमार थे। उनके माता-पिता ने उनका नाम सिद्धार्थ गौतम रखा था। वह संसार के कष्टों से रक्षा कर चुका था। पच्चीस साल की उम्र में उसने एक बीमार आदमी, एक बूढ़ा आदमी और एक मरा हुआ आदमी देखा। उन्होंने एक तपस्वी को भीख मांगते हुए भी देखा। यह समझने में असमर्थ, वह आध्यात्मिक ज्ञान की तलाश में चला गया।
सात साल तक भटकने के बाद, वह एक पीपल के पेड़ के नीचे बैठ गया और कसम खाई कि जब तक उसे ज्ञान प्राप्त नहीं होगा तब तक वह वहीं रहेगा। उसने एक सप्ताह के बाद उसे प्राप्त किया और उस वृक्ष का नाम ‘बुद्धि का वृक्ष’ रखा। वे स्वयं बुद्ध के नाम से जाने जाने लगे।
उन्होंने अपना पहला उपदेश बनारस में दिया था। इस उपदेश में दस महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु थे। इन बातों को किसा गोतमी की कहानी के माध्यम से व्यक्त किया गया था जिनके इकलौते पुत्र की मृत्यु हो गई थी। वह उसके लिए दवा मांगने लोगों के पास गई। अंत में एक व्यक्ति ने उसे शाक्यमुनि बुद्ध के पास जाने के लिए कहा।
बुद्ध ने उससे कहा कि यदि वह उस घर से कुछ सरसों के बीज लाएगी जहां कोई मृत्यु नहीं हुई है, तो वह उसके बेटे को ठीक कर देगा। किसा कई घरों में गया, लेकिन उसे कोई नहीं मिला जहां कोई मौत नहीं देखी गई हो। उसने अंततः महसूस किया कि मृत्यु सभी के लिए सामान्य है और कोई भी मरने से बच नहीं सकता। अपने सगे-संबंधियों को कोई नहीं बचा सकता। लोग अपने मरे हुओं पर रोते हैं। केवल बुद्धिमान लोग ही शोक नहीं करते क्योंकि उन्होंने सत्य को स्वीकार कर लिया है।
यदि कोई व्यक्ति रोता है, तो उसके कष्ट और ही बढ़ जाते हैं। जो शोक नहीं करते उन्हें मन की शांति मिलती है और वे दुख पर विजय प्राप्त करेंगे।
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