CBSE Class 12 Physical Education Sports and Nutrition Assignment Set 02

Question. Scientific name of Vitamin 'C' is CBSE Term I 2021
(a) Ascorbic acid
(b) Calcium
(c) Retinol
(d) Thiamine
Answer: (a) Ascorbic acid

Question. The following are macro nutrients, except CBSE Term I 2021
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Fat
(c) Vitamins
(d) Proteins
Answer: (c) Vitamins

Question. The main sources of protein are CBSE 2020
(a) Fish, meat and eggs
(b) Green vegetables
(c) Wheat and rice
(d) Sunlight and water
Answer: (a) Fish, meat and eggs

Question. Nutrients are the chemicals in food which .............
(a) are needed for replacement of tissues
(b) are essential for growth
(c) our body needs
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options

Question. Which one of the following is not a macro nutrient?
(a) Fats
(b) Carbohydrates
(c) Roughage
(d) Proteins
Answer: (c) Roughage

Question. One function of proteins in our body is to
(a) increase bulk of muscles
(b) improve our endurance
(c) form tissue and repair broken tissues
(d) provide energy for normal activities
Answer: (c) form tissue and repair broken tissues

Question. Which of the following is not a form of carbohydrate?
(a) Multiple
(b) Simple
(c) Complex
(d) All of the options
Answer: (a) Multiple

Question. The mineral ........... is required for developing strong bones and teeth.
(a) Potassium
(b) Phosphorous
(c) Sodium
(d) Copper
Answer: (b) Phosphorous

Question. Which of the following vitamins is not fat soluble?
(a) B Complex
(b) E
(c) K
(d) A
Answer: (a) B Complex

Question. Which of the following vitamins is commonly known as Riboflavin?
(a) B₁
(b) B₂
(c) B₃
(d) B Complex
Answer: (b) B₂

Question. Which of the following is a non-nutritive component of diet?
(a) Roughage
(b) Water
(c) Caffeine
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options

Question. Assertion (A) Risk of cancer can be reduced by eating more colourful vegetables, fruits and other plant foods that have certain phytochemicals in them.
Reason (R) Non-nutritive components of diet is a part of balanced diet.
In the context of above two statements, which one of the following is correct? CBSE Term I 2021
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false

1 Mark Questions (VSA)

Question. What are micro nutrients? All India; Delhi 2016
Answer: Micro nutrients are elements and compounds required in small quantities that control growth and development, cell formation, disease resistance and repair processes of our body.

Question. Enlist two sources of calcium and iron separately. Delhi 2015
Answer: Calcium—milk, cheese
Iron—meat, eggs

Question. Enlist two non-nutritive components of diet. All India 2015
Answer: Non-nutritive components of diet are
(i) Colour compounds (ii) Flavour compounds

Question. What are vitamins? All India 2014
Answer: Vitamins are compounds of carbon which are essential for the normal growth and working of the body. They are required in very small quantities. The important vitamins are A, C, D, E, K and B-complex (B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅, B₆ and B₁₂).

Question. What is balanced diet? Delhi 2014
or What do you mean by balanced diet?
Answer: A diet that contains sufficient amount of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, salts, vitamins and water is called balanced diet. A balanced diet is that which contains the proper amount of each nutrient required by our body.

Question. What are fats? CBSE 2013
Answer: Fats are the energy boosters which provide us with twice as much energy as carbohydrates. We can store extra fat in our body to be used later.

Question. What are carbohydrates?
Answer: Carbohydrates are compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Sources of carbohydrates are fruits, milk, vegetables, pulses, bajra, rice, cakes, etc.

Question. What do you mean by food and nutrition?
Answer: Food is a mixture of various substances which are essential for life, whereas nutrition is a dynamic process in which the body is made healthy by the consumption of food.

Question. What do you mean by components of diet?
Answer: Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and water are called components of diet. These components are composed of various elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other macro and micro elements such as calcium, iron, zinc etc.

3 Marks Questions

Question. List down the nutritive component of diet and explain anyone. CBSE 2020
Answer: The nutritive components of diet are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals.
Carbohydrates are the main source of energy in all activities that we do. The elements of carbohydrates are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates are organic compounds which are important for our digestive process. They require less water in the diet for being digested.
Their primary function is to provide energy to the body, especially to the brain and nervous system. There are two main types of carbohydrates i.e. simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates.

Question. What do you understand by non-nutritive component of diet? Elucidate any four non-nutritive component of diet. CBSE 2020
Answer: Non-nutritive component of diet do not provide energy or calories. Their main purpose is to make the food smell better, taste better, last longer, and look better.
Some of these component are essential for body while other harms the body. Four non-nutritive components of diet are as follows
(i) Food Additives Certain chemical like benzoic acid, sodium benzoate and other chemicals are used as food preservatives to increase the shelf life of the food.
(ii) Colour Compounds Colours are added to the food to make it look attractive and colourful. These are non-nutritive components of diet and excess consumption can be harmful.
(iii) Plant Compounds These are derived from plants and mainly used in small amounts. Their excess use may be harmful for body, like caffeine, tea leaves.
(iv) Water It is non-nutritive but essential component of diet. It is the main component of blood that carries nutrients to various cells in the body, regulates the body temperature and is significant in the excretion of waste products.

Question. What are the nutritive and non-nutritive components of diet? Explain. Delhi 2017
Answer: Food components, whether they are nutritive (providing calories) or non-nutritive (not providing calories), are present in a multiple of food and beverages. Non-nutritive components of food not only provide a flavour to foods, but are also used to preserve foods (in jams or jellies), provide body bulk and texture (in ice-cream and baked goods), enhance other flavours (e.g. salty) and aid in fermentation (in breads and pickles).
The nutritive components of diet are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals.
Non-nutritive components do not contribute to the energy, calories or nutrition of the body. Some non-nutritive components are essential for the body while others harm the body. Colour compounds, flavour compounds, food additives, plant compounds, water and roughage or fibre are some non-nutritive components of diet.

Question. Write briefly about proteins as an essential component of diet. Delhi 2016
or What are proteins? Discuss.
Answer: Proteins are the basic structure of all living cells. These are complex organic compounds. Protein is a chain of amino acids that contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen.
There are two types of proteins
(i) Vegetable proteins (ii) Animal proteins
Sources All meat and other animal products are sources of proteins. The best sources are eggs, milk, meat, poultry, milk products, beans, etc.

Question. Briefly explain the functions and resources of fat soluble vitamins. Delhi 2015
Answer: The vitamins that are soluble in fats are called fat soluble vitamins. They are vitamin A, D, E and K.
Functions
• Vitamin A This is essential for normal growth of the body. Deficiency of vitamin A leads to night blindness and also affects the kidneys, nervous system and digestive system.
Sources are milk, curd, ghee, egg yolk, fish, tomato, papaya, green vegetables, orange, spinach, carrot and pumpkin.
• Vitamin D This is essential for the formation of healthy teeth and bones. The presence of this vitamin in the body enables it to absorb calcium and phosphorus. Its deficiency causes rickets, softness of bones, teeth diseases.
Sources are egg yolk, fish, sunlight, vegetables, cod liver oil, milk, cream, butter.
• Vitamin E This is essential in increasing the fertility among men and women as well as proper functioning of adrenal and sex glands. Its deficiency causes weakness in muscles and heart.
Sources are green vegetables, sprouts, coconut oil, dry and fresh fruits, milk, meat, butter, maize.
• Vitamin K This is helpful in the clotting of blood. Its deficiency causes anaemia and blood do not clot easily.
Sources are cauliflower, spinach, cabbage, tomato, potato, wheat, egg and meat.

Question. What are vitamins? Name the types of vitamins.
or Vitamins are very essential for working of the body and are divided into two groups. Explain about them. All India 2015
Answer: Vitamins are compounds of carbon. These protect us from various diseases and are essential for general growth and development of our body.
Types of Vitamins There are various vitamins such as A, C, D, E, K and B-complex (B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅, B₆, B₇, B₉ and B₁₂). There are two groups of vitamins
Fat Soluble Vitamins Fat soluble vitamins are those vitamins which are soluble in fat. These vitamins are A, D, E and K which are given below
• Vitamin A is essential for normal growth, proper functioning of nervous system and digestive system.
• Vitamin D is essential for healthy bones and teeth.
• Vitamin E increases fertility and ensures proper functioning of the glands.
• Vitamin K helps in clotting of blood.
Water Soluble Vitamins These vitamins are soluble in water. These contain the elements nitrogen and sulphur.
These vitamins are B complex and C.
• Vitamin B complex consists of various groups of vitamins namely B₁, B₂, B₆, and B₁₂. They are necessary for proper growth and functioning of various organs of the body.
• Vitamin C is essential for maintenance of ligaments, tissues, tendons and strong blood vessels.

Question. What are fats? Write a detailed note on its types. Also mention its importance in the proper functioning of the body. CBSE 2012
Answer: Fats contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. These are the most concentrated source of energy in food.
Sources of Fats Animal products such as meat, poultry and dairy products such as milk, cream, cheese, butter and ice-cream, peanuts, olive oil, etc.
Types Fats can be classified according to their structures. Different types of fats have different characteristics and these react in different ways inside the body. There are three different groups of fats in the diet, which are saturated, poly-unsaturated and mono-unsaturated fats. The intake of saturated fats increases the chances of heart diseases due to the increase of cholesterol in the blood.
Importance
• Fats keep us warm and give protection to organs.
• Fats also help in production of hormones.
• Fatty acids provide the raw materials which help in control of blood pressure, blood clotting and other body functions.
• Fats help in transportation of fat soluble vitamins such as A, D, E and K.
• Fats maintain skin and hair.

Question. Discuss the functions and sources of fats.
Answer: Fats are an essential ingredient of food. All fats are compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Functions of Fats
• They provide heat and energy to the body.
• They also help in regulation of body temperature.
• They are considered better than carbohydrates as sources of energy.
• Fats give protection to organs.
Sources of Fats
• Animal Sources We get various products from animals such as ghee, butter, curd, fish oil, milk, meat and eggs.
• Vegetable Sources We also get fats from various vegetables such as dry fruits, coconut, soybean, foodgrains, mustard oil and cotton seeds.

Question. Mention the uses of any two minerals in our diet.
Answer: (i) Iodine It is essential for proper thyroid gland function. Its deficiency causes goitre. Its sources are seafood and common table salt.
(ii) Calcium It is helpful in the formation of teeth and bones. It helps in clotting of blood. Its deficiency causes rickets and asthma. Milk, cheese, oranges and green vegetables have a rich amount of calcium.

Question. What is balanced diet? Elaborate the important nutrients/elements of balanced diet.
Answer: Balanced Diet A balanced diet is that which contains the proper amounts of each nutrient. A balanced diet consists of all essential food constituents i.e. proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals in correct proportion.
Elements
(i) Carbohydrates These are our main sources of energy.
(ii) Proteins These provide essential growth as well as repairing muscles and other body tissues.
(iii) Fats These are the sources of energy.
(iv) Vitamins These play an important role in many chemical processes in the body.
(v) Minerals These are essential for proper growth and functioning of our body.
(vi) Water It is essential for normal body functions. It serves as a vehicle for carrying other nutrients.

5 Marks Questions

Question. Explain macro-nutrients and their role in our diet. CBSE 2019
Answer: The macro-nutrients in the diet consist of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Each of these macro-nutrients plays an important role in the diet, as given below
(i) Carbohydrates They are needed to provide energy for all activities. They are stored mostly in the muscles and the liver. Complex carbohydrates are found in foods such as pasta, bagels, whole grain breads and rice. These foods also provide energy, fibre, vitamins and minerals.
(ii) Proteins They are important for muscle growth and repair of body tissues. Proteins are found in meat, eggs, fish, soya bean, lentils and many other food items. Athletes as well as body builders need only a little bit of extra protein to support muscle growth. Athletes can meet this increased requirement by eating more total calories (i.e. by eating more food).
(iii) Fats They provide the highest concentration of energy of all the nutrients. Saturated fats are found primarily in animal sources such as meat, egg yolks, yogurt, cheese, butter and milk. Unsaturated fats include monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, which are typically found in plant food sources.

Question. Explain any five essential elements of diet. Delhi 2014
Answer: There are many nutrients in the food. These are known as elements. Essential elements of our diet are
(i) Carbohydrates These are the compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Sources Fruits, milk, vegetables, pulses, bajra, rice, cakes, etc.
Functions The main function of carbohydrates is to provide energy to the body, brain and nervous system.
(ii) Proteins Proteins are a chain of amino acids that contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen.
Sources Eggs, milk, meat, beans, animal products, etc.
Functions Proteins are the main components of muscles, organs and glands. The cells of muscles and ligaments are maintained with protein and proteins are used for the growth and development of children.
(iii) Fats Fats contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Sources Animal products, milk, cream, cheese, butter, olive oil, etc.
Functions Fats are a source of energy. They are important for the proper functioning of the body. Fatty acids provide the raw materials which help in control of blood pressure.
(iv) Vitamins Vitamins are compounds of carbon. The important vitamins are A, C, D, E, K and B- complex (B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅, B₆, B₇, B₉ and B₁₂).
Sources Milk, butter, eggs, green vegetables, exposure to sunlight, oil, nuts, seeds, fish, amla, etc.
Functions Vitamins play an important role in many chemical processes in the body. Vitamins are essential for metabolism of fat and carbohydrate and are needed for healthy skin. They are helpful in red blood cell production.
(v) Minerals Minerals are iron, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, iodine, copper, chloride, etc.
Sources Eggs, milk, meat, green vegetables, pulses, fish, salts, tea and coffee, etc.
Functions Minerals are essential for proper growth of the body. Calcium is needed for strong teeth and bones. It is also essential for proper thyroid function.
(vi) Water Water is an important element of balanced diet.
Source Nature.
Functions Water helps in the digestive system. It regulates the body temperature and carries nutrients to cells.

Question. "Vitamins are essential for our metabolic process". What happens if we devoid our diet of vitamins? CBSE 2012
Answer: Vitamins are required by the body for proper growth and development. The following may happen if we remove vitamins from our diet
• In the absence of vitamin A, there may be night-blindness.
• Deficiency of vitamin B causes Beri-Beri disease.
• Deficiency of vitamin C causes Scurvy.
• Deficiency of vitamin E causes weakness in heart and muscles.
• Deficiency of vitamin K causes Anaemia.
• In addition, deficiency of vitamins in the body affects the working of the organs, nervous system and digestive system adversely.
• Their presence is necessary for maintaining healthy teeth and bones as well as overall health.