CBSE Class 12 Biology Human Health and Disease Assignment Set D

Assertion Reason Type Questions

Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below: –
A. Both A & R are True and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A & R are True and R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is True but R is False.
D. A is False but R is True.

Question. Assertion (A) – Genetic disorders are infectious.
Reason (R) – Genetic disorders are inherited from parents to their children.
Answer: D

Question. Assertion (A) – Pneumonia causes severe respiratory problems.
Reason (R) – Due to infection, alveoli of lungs get filled with fluid.
Answer: A

Question. Assertion (A) – Female Anopheles mosquito is the pathogen for Malaria.
Reason (R) – Mosquito can transmit plasmodium.
Answer: D

Question.Assertion (A) – Asexual reproduction of plasmodium takes place in the Gut of Mosquito.
Reason (R) – Sporozoites are formed in the Gut of Mosquito.
Answer: D

Question. Assertion (A) – Virus infected cells secrete proteins called interferons which protect non-infected cells from further viral infection.
Reason (R) – It is a case of physiological barriers.
Answer: C

Question. Assertion (A) – Anamnestic responses are highly intensified.
Reason (R) – Secondary response are due to memory of the first encounter.
Answer: A

Question. Assertion (A) – Colostrum is secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation.
Reason (R) – Colostrum provides active immunity.
Answer: C

Question. Assertion (A) – Many children in metro cities of India suffer from allergies.
Reason (R) – This could be because of the protected environment provided early in the life.
Answer: A

Question. Assertion (A) – Small children have more immunity 
Reason (R) – Thymus is quite large at the time of birth.
Answer: A

Question. Assertion (A) – In host cell, viral DNA is produced by reverse transcription. 
Reason (R) – Retrovirus has DNA genome.
Answer: C

Question. Assertion (A) – C-onc are cells that can cause cancer. 
Reason (R) – C-onc are cellular organisms.
Answer: D

Question. Assertion (A) – Heroin is an opioid. 
Reason (R) – Heroin is obtained from poppy plant.
Answer: B

Question. Assertion (A) – Cannabinoids can affect cardiovascular system of body. 
Reason (R) – Ganja is a cannabinoid.
Answer: B

Question. Assertion (A) – Smoking causes raise in blood pressure and increases heart rate. 
Reason (R) – Nicotine stimulates adrenal gland to release adrenaline and nor-adrenaline.
Answer: A

Question. Assertion (A) – Peer pressure is necessary for better performance.
Reason (R) – Undue pressure can lead to consumption of alcohol and drugs.
Answer: D

Question. Assertion (A) – AIDS and Hepatitis-B are viral diseases. 
Reason (R) – These diseases are transferred from one person to another by sharing of infected needles and syringes.
Answer: B

Question. Assertion (A) – Using morphine for medical purpose is a case of drug abuse.
Reason (R) – Morphine is a very effective sedative and painkiller.
Answer: D

Question. Assertion (A) – α-interferon is a biological response modifier. 
Reason (R) – α-interferon activates immune system and helps in destroying the tumor.
Answer: A

Question. Assertion (A) – Excessive dosage of cocaine causes hallucinations. 
Reason (R) – Atropa belladona and Datura have hallucinogenic properties.
Answer: B

Question. Assertion (A) – Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto-immune disease. 
Reason (R) – Here, body attacks self-cells.
Answer: A

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. (i) What is an ‘‘allergic reaction’’ ?
(ii) Name any two drugs used to quickly reduce the symptoms of allergy.
(iii) Why do more and more children in metro cities of India suffer from allergies and asthma?
Answer: (i) The exaggerated response of the immune system to certain antigens present in the environment is called allergic reaction. 
(ii) Anti-histamine, adrenalin, steroids.
(iii) Due to deteriorating air quality, sensitivity to the environment, allergens, lowering of immunity due to modern day life style (which could be due to the protected environment provided largely in life). 

Question. Write the causative agent of filariasis in human.
Mention its mode of transmission and symptoms of the disease.
Answer: Wuchereria bancrofti 
Transmitted to a healthy person through the bite of female mosquito vector. 
Inflammation of lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs or genital organs, leading to gross deformities. 

Question. (i) State what happens in the human body when malarial parasites infected RBCs burst to release the parasites in the blood.
(ii) Mention the specific sites in the host body where production of :
(a) Sporozoites and
(b) Gametocytes take place in the life cycle of the malarial parasites.
Answer: (i) The rupture of RBCs results in releasing toxic substance hemozoin, which is responsible for chill and high fever (recurring every 3-4 days).
(ii) (a) Intestine of mosquito.
(b) RBCs of human. 
Detailed Answer :
(i) When malarial parasite RBC burst they release a toxin called haemozoin. This causes chill and high fever which reoccur every third or fourth day.
(ii) (a) Production of sporozoites takes place in the oocyst on the surface of intestine of the female Anopheles mosquito.
(b) Production of gametocyte occurs in the RBCs of human host.

Question. (i) Differentiate between benign and malignant tumours.
(ii) Why is colostrum a boon to the new born baby ?
Answer: (i) Benign tumour remains confined to original location / does not spread to other part of the body / not cancerous.
Malignant tumour is mass of proliferating (neoplastic) cells that invade and damage surrounding tissue / cancerous tumour / tumour showing property of metastasis.
(ii) Colostrum contains antibodies / that provides resistance (immunity) to new born babies.

Question. (i) Name and explain giving reasons the type of immunity provided to the new born by colostrum and vaccinations.
(ii) Name the type of antibody
(a) Present in colostrum
(b) Produced in response to allergens in human body 
Answer: (i) Passive immunity, when ready made antibodies are directly given to protect the body against foreign agents.
Active immunity, when a host is exposed to antigens which may be in form of living or dead microbes or other proteins. Antibodies are produced in the host body. 
(ii) (a) IgA 
(b) IgE

Question. (i) Write the scientific names of the two species of filarial worms causing filariasis.
(ii) How do they affect the body of infected person (s)?
(iii) How does the disease spread ?
Answer: (i) Wuchereria bancrofti, Wuchereria malayi.
(ii) Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs / inflammation of the genital organs / gross deformity of the lower limbs / deformity of the genital organs. (Any two)
(iii) Through the bite of female (Culex) mosquito.

Question. (i) Name the causative agent of typhoid in humans.
(ii) Name the test administered to confirm the disease.
(iii) How does the pathogen gain entry into the human body ? Write the diagnostic symptoms and mention the body organ that gets affected in severe cases.
Answer: (i) Salmonella typhi is a pathogenic bacterium that causes typhoid fever in human beings.
(ii) Typhoid fever could be confirmed by Widal test.
(iii) The pathogens generally enter the small intestine through food and water contaminated with them and migrate to other organs through blood.
Symptoms : Sustained high fever (39°– 40°C), weakness, stomach pain, constipation, headache and loss of appetite are some of the common symptoms of this disease. Intestinal perforation and death may occur in severe cases. Mainly this disease attacks the alimentary canal and brain. 

Question. Name the type of immunity that is present at the time of birth in humans. Explain any two ways by which it is accomplished.
Answer: The type of immunity that is present at the time of birth in humans is innate immunity. The two ways by it can be accomplished are :
(i) Certain types of leucocytes (WBCs) like neutrophils, monocytes and natural killer (lymphocytes) in the blood and marcophages in tissues can engulf microbes, viruses and cellular debris etc.
(ii) Mucus secreted by mucous membrane traps the microorganisms and immobilize them. The skin is the physical barrier of the body. Its outer tough layer prevents the entry of bacteria and viruses. 

Question. Name the causative organism of the disease amoebiasis. List three symptoms of the disease.
Answer: Amoebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica. 
The symptoms of the disease include :
(i) Stools with mucus and blood.
(ii) Diarrhoea, pain and stomach cramps.
(iii) Constipation. 

Question. A young boy when brought a pet dog home started to complain of watery eyes and running nose. The symptoms disappeared when the boy was kept away from the pet.
(i) Name the type of antibody and chemicals responsible for such a response in the boy.
(ii) Mention the name of any one drug that could be given to the boy for immediate relief from such a response. 
Answer: (i) Antibody : lgE.
Chemicals : Histamine & serotonin. The antibody (lgE) cause the release of these chemicals from mast cells.
(ii) Drugs : Antihistamine (citrazen, Avil-25/50),
Adrenalin and steroids, quickly reduce such symptoms of allergy.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. A heavily bleeding and bruised road accident victim was brought to a nursing home. The doctor immediately gave him an injection to protect him against a deadly disease.
(i) Write what the doctor injected into the patient’s body.
(ii) How do you think this injection would protect the patient against the disease ?
(iii) Name the disease against which this injection was given and the kind of immunity it provides.
Answer: (i) Tetanus antitoxins/Tetanus toxoid. 
(ii) The preformed antibody injected, act on the pathogen immediately to provide protection.
(iii) Tetanus, passive acquired immunity.
Detailed Answer :
(i) In the patient’s body, the doctor has injected antiserum containing preformed antibodies against the causative organisms or toxin produced by it.
(ii) The solution injected by the doctor had antibodies. Hence, the injection would protect the patient against the diseases and provide him humoral immunity.
(iii) The disease against which this injection was given is tetanus caused by Clostridium tetani, which usually exists in environment as spores and may gain access to the body through wound.
The type of immunity that the injection containing antiserum provides is a passive acquired immunity as preformed antibodies are used because fast action is required in this emergency case. 

Question. (i) What makes some viruses cause cancer in humans ?
(ii) How do benign tumours turn malignant ?
How do the latter harm the human body ?
Answer: (i) Cancer-causing viruses are called oncogenic viruses or oncoviruses. They have genes called viral oncogenes. The normal protooncogenes present in normal cells get activated into oncogenes by some viruses and lead to oncogenic transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells causing cancer.
(ii) A benign tumour may turn malignant if it is not removed as soon as it is noticed. The benign tumour cells are sometimes carried by blood or lymph to other parts of the body where they spread, continue to divide and start new tumour there. Such tumour cells are called as malignant cells and the tumour as malignant tumour. The malignant tumours are called as cancer. A malignant tumour is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues. A benign tumour has none of these properties.
The malignant tumours cells compete with the normal cells for vital nutrients and disrupt their normal metabolism and damage the normal cells. 

Question. Explain the process of replication of a retrovirus after it gains entry into the human body.
Answer: After getting into the body of the person, the virus enters into macrophages, where RNA genome of the virus replicates to form viral DNA with the help of the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
This viral DNA gets incorporated into host cell’s DNA and directs the infected cells to produce virus particles. The macrophages continue to produce virus particles and acts like a HIV factory. Simultaneously, HIV enters into helper T-lymphocytes (TH), replicates and produce progeny viruses. The progeny viruses released in the blood attack other helper T-lymphocytes.
This is repeated leading to a progressive decrease in the number of helper T-lymphocytes in the body of the infected person. During this period, the person suffers from bouts of fever, diarrhea and weight loss. Due to decrease in the number of helper T-lymphocytes, the person starts suffering from infections that could have been otherwise overcome, such as those due to bacteria especially Mycobacterium, viruses, fungi and even parasites like Toxoplasma. The patient becomes so immunodeficient that he / she is unable to protect himself / herself against infections.

Question. (i) Cancer is one of the most dreaded diseases of humans. Explain ‘Contact inhibition’ and ‘Metastasis’ with respect to the disease.
(ii) Name the groups of genes which have been identified in normal cells that could lead to cancer and how they do so ?
(iii) Name any two techniques which are useful to detect cancers of internal organs.
(iv) Why are cancer patients often given α-interferon as part of the treatment ?
Answer: (i) Contact with other cells inhibits their uncontrolled growth. 
Tumour cells reach distant sites, through blood. 
(ii) Proto oncogenes. 
When activated under certain condition could lead to oncogenic transformation of the cells.
(iii) Biopsy / radiography / CT / MRI (Any two)
(iv) It activates immune system, destroys tumour.
Detailed Answer :
(i) Contact inhibition : Normal cells have the property of contact inhibition i.e. their growth is stopped after coming in contact with other cells. But the cancer cells do not have this property of contact inhibition. They unlike normal cells divide continuously (uncontrolled cell division) and give rise to a mass of cells called tumour.
Metastasis : It is the property exhibited by the cancerous cells. In this process, the cancerous
cells spread to different parts of the body.
Same cells get sloughed off from the tumour and move to distant sites through body fluids and initiate the formation of new tumours by dividing actively.
(ii) Many genes called as proto oncogenes or cellular oncogenes have been identified in normal cells which when activated under certain conditions lead to the oncogenic transformation of normal cells causing cancer.
(iii) X Rays (Radiography), CT (computerized tomography), MRI and biopsy are useful in detecting cancers of internal organs.
(iv) The cancer patients are often given α-interferons as a part of treatment because it activates their immune system and helps in destroying tumour.

Solve the MCQ questions below

Question. Assertion :- Health is affected by food, water, rest and exercise.
Reason :- Good health increases productivity and brings prosperity.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being.
Reason :- Balanced diet, personal hygiene and regular exercise are very important to maintain good health.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- A disease free person always considered as "healthy".
Reason :- Disease show various sign and symptoms in the body.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- Salmonella typhi is a pathogenic bacterium causes typhoid fever.
Reason :- This pathogen enter the large intestine through food and water.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Sustained high fever, stomach pain, constipation, headache and loss of appetite are common symptom of pneumonia.
Reason :- Haemophilus influenzae is a virus responsible for pneumonia.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- Common cold, one of the most infectious bacterial disease.
Reason :- Bacteria, virus, protozoans are pathogens which spread the diseases.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- Common cold disease affects nose and upper respiratory tract only.
Reason :- It last for 3-7 days.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Malaria is a bacterial disease spread through a mosquito.
Reason :- Few parasites are pathogen cause harm to us.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- Amoebic dysentery is a protozoan disease which affects large intestine.
Reason :- Houseflies acts as mechanical carrier transmit the parasite from faeces to food.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Wuchereria, a flat worm cause acute inflammation of limbs and lymphatic vessels.
Reason :- Wuchereria causes loiasis.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- Infectious form of plasmodium is sporozoites for human being.
Reason :- Plasmodium needs 2 host to complete life cycle.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Neutrophil and monocytes are cellular barriers of the body.
Reason :- Acquired immunity is obtained at the time of birth.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Non infected cells are protected from viral infection by proteins called interferons.
Reason :- Interferons form cytokine barrier which form innate immunity.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- All kind of lymphocytes are formed in bone marrow cavity.
Reason :- Bone marrow cavity is present in every bone of human body.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Antibodies are proteinaceous structure produced by B-lymphocytes.
Reason :- Antibodies are present in blood so provide humoral immunity.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- One antibody have 2 antigen binding sites where 2 different antigen can binds.
Reason :- An antibody consists of 4 polypeptide chains 2 light and 2 heavy chains.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- First milk of mother, known as colostrum is considered very essential for the infant.
Reason :- IgA antibody is present in all body secretions.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- In diseases like tetanus, preformed anti-bodies are injected to body to provide quick immune response.
Reason :- Active immunity is slow and takes time to give its full effectiveness.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Sneezing, watery eyes, running nose and difficulty in breathings are symptoms of allergy.
Reason :- Allergens produce chemicals like histamine and serotonin from mast cells.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Bone marrow and Thymus both are primary lymphoid organs.
Reason :- Immature lymphocytes mature in primary lymphoid organ.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- HIV virus is a Retrovirus.
Reason :- It contain RNA as genetic material.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Cells grow and divide uncontrolled & cause tumor formation which result in cancer.
Reason :- Normal cells division controlled due to property of contact inhibition.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Excessive dose of drugs may lead to coma and death due to respiratory failure heart failure or cerebral haemorrhage.
Reason :- Drugs interfere with neurotransmitters and affect cerebral function.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Drug dependent person may need medical supervision.
Reason :- Withdrawal symptoms of drug can be severe and even life threatening.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- In drug addict persons the receptors respond only to higer doses of drugs or alcohol leading to greater intake and addiction.
Reason :- With repeated use of drugs, the tolerance level of the receptors present in our body increases.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Sometimes stunted growth reported in drugs addict adolescent child.
Reason :- It promotes premature closure of the growth centres.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- The principle of immunisation is based on the property of memory of the immune system.
Reason :- Immunisation is carried with the help of memory cell, which can be developed in sample animal.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Use of antivenom, for the treatment of snake bite is an example of passive immunisation.
Reason :- Antivenom starts the function immediately.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- The foetus receives some antibodies from their mother through the placenta during pregnancy.
Reason :- It is an example of passive immunity.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- The bone marrow is the main lymphoid organ.
Reason :- All blood cells including lymphocytes are produced here.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Opium is derived from latex of unripe fruits of Papaver somniferum.
Reason :- Opium addict loses weight, fertility and interest in work.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Mumps is an infectious disease causing fever and painful swelling of the parotid gland.
Reason :- Mumps is caused by arbovius and can appear again and again.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Chest, thighs and hips of some young female seem to be predominated by muscle, rather than fat.
Reason :- The said female is abuser of anabolic steroid.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Adenoma stands for cancer of glands.
Reason :- Lipoma stands for accumulation of fatty acids.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Asthma often occurs in allergic person on exposure to allergen.
Reason :- Administration of antishistamine drugs to a person before exposure will prevent spasm.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Any agent that induces cancer is carcinogenic or oncogenic agent.
Reason :- All cells carry certain cancer associated protooncogenes.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- The most common virus currently associated with AIDS is HIV-II.
Reason :- HIV-II has inner protein coat of P-71, surrounded by P-24.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- Cocaine has a potent stimulating action on central nervouss system.
Reason :- Excessive dosage of cocaine causes hallucinations.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Smoking is associated with maximum risk of cancer of the oral cavity.
Reason :- Cigarette smoking increases the concentration of haembound \( O_2 \) in blood.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- Vaccination against infectious diseases, proper disposal of wastes, control of vectors and maintenance of hygienic food and water resources are necessary for achieving good health.
Reason :- Good health is necessary for all the socio-econonic activities.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- All the infectious diseases are fatal like AIDs, common cold etc.
Reason :- Infectious diseases are not common.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- Cancer causes major casualty among the non-infectious disease.
Reason :- Osteoma is cancer of bone.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- A wide range of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, helminthes etc. could causes diseases in man. Such disease-causing organisms are called pathogens.
Reason :- Pathogens have to adapt to life within the environment of the host.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Sustained high fever (39° to 40°C), weakness, stomach pain, constipation, headache and loss of appetite are some of the common symptoms of typhoid fever.
Reason :- Typhoid is caused by gram positive bacteria salmonella typhi.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Mary Mallon nicknamed Typhoid Mary.
Reason :- She was a typhoid carrier.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- In severe cases of pneumonia; the lips and finger, nails may turn gray to bluish in colour.
Reason :- In pneumonia the alveoli get filled with fluid leading to severe problems in respiration.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, hoarseness, etc. are the usual symptoms of common cold.
Reason :- Rhino virues infect the nose, and respiratory passage but not the lungs.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- In common cold diseases, the dropletes resulting from cough or sneezes of an infected person are either inhaled directly or transmitted through contaminated objects and cause infection in healthy person.
Reason :- The disease is caused by Rhino viruses and the infections lasts for 48 hours only.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Internal bleeding, muscular pain, fever, anemia and blockage of the intestinal passage are the common symptoms of ascariasis.
Reason :- The eggs of Ascaris are excreted along with the faeces of infected persons which contaminate soil, water, plants etc and these are the source of infection to a healthy person.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- In elephantiasis or filariasis chronic inflammation of the organs reported.
Reason :- Wuchereria bancrofti and W. malayi causes blockage in lymphatic ducts.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton are generally acquired from soil or by using towels, clothes or even the comb of infected individuals.
Reason :- These fungi causes dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body called ringworms.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- In biopsy test for cancer, piece of the suspected tissue cut into thin sections is stained and examined under X-ray by a pathologist.
Reason :- Use of X-ray is able to generate a 3-D image of the section of affected tissue.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- Barbiturates, amphetamines etc. are normally used as medicines to help patients cope with mental illnesses.
Reason :- Amphetamines are used as antisleep pills.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- The immediate adverse effects of drugs and alcohol abuse are manifested in the form of reckless behaviour, vandalism and violence.
Reason :- The drug and alcohol abuse among youth include drop in academic performance etc.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Withdrawal of drug is characterised by anxiety, shakiness, nausea, and sweating etc.
Reason :- The body functions became dependent with regular use of drugs.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Vaccination (immunisation) against infectious disease are necessary for achieving good health.
Reason :- Vaccination is always carried by attenuated pathogen.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- The disease which are easily transmitted from one person to another are called infectious disease.
Reason :- Infectious disease are very common and every one of us suffers from these at some time or other.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Malignant malaria is caused by Plasmodium vivax.
Reason :- Haemozoin is only produced in malaria caused by P. vivax.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- Ringworms are generally grows in skin folds.
Reason :- Heat and moisture help ringworm to grow.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- A large number of infectious diseases like polio, diptheria, pneumonia, and tetanus have been controlled to a large extent by the use of vaccines.
Reason :- Vaccination helps in developing immunity against the disease.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- IgG can cross the plancenta.
Reason :- IgG is monomer form of immunoglobulins.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- The T-lymphocytes produce an army of proteins in response to pathogens into our blood to fight with them.
Reason :- The B-lymphocyte help the T-lymphocyte to produce antibody.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- IgA, IgM, IgE, IgG are called as humoral immune response.
Reason :- These antibodies are found in the blood.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- The body is able to differentiate between self and non self structures.
Reason :- Differentiation between self and non-self is carried by MHC-complex system.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- A HIV/AIDS is not spread by mere touch or physical contact.
Reason :- Skin surface having acidic medium.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Several genes called cellular oncogenes (C – onc) or protooncogene have been identified in normal cells which when activated under certain conditions, could lead to oncogenic transformation of the cells.
Reason :- Ionising radiations like X-rays and gamma rays, non-ionizing radiations like UV cause DNA damage leading to oncogenic transformation of the cells.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Radiography, computed tomography and MRI are very useful to detect cancers of the internal organs.
Reason :- X-ray is used in radiography & CT-scan while strong magnetic fields and non-ionizing radiation is used in MRI-technique.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- \(\alpha\)–interferon is given to cancer patient which helps in destroying the tumour.
Reason :- \(\alpha\)-interferon is biological response modifiers, which activates the immune system and helps in destroying tumour.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- The HIV is consider as diploid virus.
Reason :- The genome of HIV consists of two identical molecules of ss-RNA.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Health does not simply mean "absence of disease" or physical fitness.
Reason :- Health is state of complete, physical, mental and social well being.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Diseases transmitted from one person to another are called infectious disease.
Reason :- Some of the infections disease like AIDS are fatal.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Salmonella typhi is pathogenic virus causes typhoid fever.
Reason :- This pathogen virus enter the small intestine through contaminated foods and water.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- Pneumonia is an infectious disease.
Reason :- Cancer is non infectious disease.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Further development of gametocytes during life cycle of plasmodium occurs in the stomach of mosquito.
Reason :- It requires low temperature.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Main symptoms of amoebiasis are constipation, abdominal pain, blood clots and mucous is present in stools.
Reason :- Housefly acts as mechanical carrier in amoebiasis.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Morphine, codein and heroin are opiates narcotics.
Reason :- These drugs inhibit transport of depamine.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Vaccine against AIDS has not been made inspite of repetated attempts.
Reason :- HIV has the ability to get mutated to form several sub types.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Four polypeptide chains of antibody molecule are held together.
Reason :- Disulphide bonds, are found in antibody.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Filariasis, chikungunya and dengue are transmitted by vector.
Reason :- These diseases are spread by mosquito.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Cancer cells are more easily damaged by radiation than normal cell.
Reason :- In cancer cell rapid division takes place and they lack reprairing capacity.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Asthma patients must never be exposed to dust.
Reason :- Allergic response may cause vasoconstriction and death.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- BCG vaccine is an example of live attenuated vaccine.
Reason :- Bacili bacteria are killed in HCHO solution while producing BCG.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Colostrum is a very efficient means of tranferring immunity to a newborn.
Reason :- IgM from a mother's milk protects the boby from the respiratory infection usually affecting in young age.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Antibiotics like penicillin can be used to treat common cold.
Reason :- Penicillin causes lysis of viral cells.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D