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CBSE Class 12 Biology Molecular Basis of Inheritance Key Points. Please refer to the examination notes which you can use for preparing and revising for exams. These notes will help you to revise the concepts quickly and get good marks.
BIOLOGY
CHAPTER: 6 MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE (KEY POINTS)
1. Match the following key terms from Molecular Basis of Inheritance. [1 Mark]
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| Transcription | copying of genetic material from DNA to RNA |
| Purines | adenine and guanine |
| Pyrimidine | cytosine, thymine and uracil |
| Nucleotide | consists pentose sugar phosphate group and nitrogenous base |
| Nucleoside | consists of nitrogenous base and pentose sugar |
| DNA ligase | Join the discontinuouesly, synthesiged fragments |
| Exons | coding sequence |
| Introns | intervening sequence |
| Polynucleotide chain | consists sugar and phosphate along with Nitrogenous base |
| Splicing | introns are removed in this process |
| Capping | an unusual nucleotide is added to 5' end of the RNA |
| Codon | formed by 3 nitrogen bases on mRNA that codes an amino acids |
| Anticodon | has bases complementary to the code |
| Lac operon | A gene regulation mechanism in E.coli.conversion as per available energy source. |
| Bioinformatics | associated to Human Genome Programme |
| Polymorphism | variation at genetic level |
| Repetitive DNA | small stretches of DNA |
| Satellite DNA | forms small peaks |
| Translation | polymerization of amino acid to form a polypeptide |
| Tailing | adenylate residues are added to the 3' end of hnRNA |
| HGP | Human Genome Project |
| ESTs | Expressed Sequence Tags |
| BAC | Bacterial artificial chromosome |
| YAC | Yeast artificial chromosome |
| SNPs | single nucleotide polymorphism |
| VNTR | variable number of tandem repeats |
| UTR | untranslated regions |
| sRNA | soluble RNA |
| snRNA | heterogeneous nuclear RNA / small nuclear RNA |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| Proteases | protein digesting enzyme |
| Rnase | RNA digesting enzyme |
| Dnase | DNA digesting enzyme |
| NHC | Non histone chromosome |
| EM | electron microscope |
Answer:
1. The table outlines standard molecular biology terminology and definitions as provided in the NCERT curriculum.
2. Key processes such as transcription, translation, splicing, capping, and tailing form the central dogma of molecular biology.
3. Structural definitions include nucleotides consisting of a nucleoside plus a phosphate group, whereas nucleosides contain only a nitrogenous base and pentose sugar.
Teacher's Note:
a) Core molecular biology terms are essential for board exam definitions.
b) Students must not confuse nucleosides with nucleotides.
c) Review structural differences carefully.
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Useful Resources and Notes for Class 12 Biology Chapter 05 Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Core Study Kit: Class 12 Biology Chapter 05 Molecular Basis of Inheritance
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