CBSE Class 12 Biology Molecular Basis of Inheritance Question Bank

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BIOLOGY

MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE

1. If adenine constitutes 30% of an isolated DNA fragment, then what is the expected % of the base cytosine in it?

2. How does the flow of genetic information in HIV deviate from the central dogma proposed by Francis Crick?

3. How does HIV differ from a bacteriophage?

4. What is a nucleoid?

5. Name two amino acids that provide +ve charge to histone proteins.

6. Why do RNA viruses undergo mutation and evolution faster than most of the other viruses?

7. Name the enzyme involved in the continuous replication of DNA strand. Mention the polarity of the template strand.

8. What is a cistron?

9. Which one out of Rho factor and sigma factor, acts as initiation factor during transcription in prokaryote?

10. Write the function of RNA polymerase II.

11. What is meant by hnRNA?

12. (a) .Differentiate between euchromatin and heterochromatin.

(b) What is the function of non-histone chromosomal proteins?

13. Why is DNA a better genetic material when compared to RNA?

14. Answer the following questions based on Meselson and Stahl's experiment:

a) Write the name of the chemical substance used as a source of nitrogen in the experiment by them.

b) Why did the scientists synthesize the light and the heavy DNA molecules in the organism in the experiment?

c) How did the scientists synthesize make it possible to distinguish the heavy DNA molecule from the light DNA molecule? Explain.

d) Write the conclusion the scientists arrived at, after completing the experiment.

15. Monocistronic structural genes in eukaryotes have interrupted coding sequences, Explain. How are they different in prokaryotes?

16 Describe the initiation process of transcription in bacteria?

17 Explain the elongation process of transcription in bacteria?

18 Describe the termination process of transcription in bacterium?

19 Explain the role of 35S and 32P in the experiments conducted by Hershey and chase?

20 It is established that RNA is the first genetic material. Explain giving three reasons?

21 (a) What are the transcriptional products of RNA polymerase III?

(b) Differentiate between 'capping' and 'tailing'?

(a) Expand hnRNA.

22. DNA is the genetic material in most of the organisms, while RNA is the genetic material in a few viruses/ What are the four general/common functions performed by RNA in other organisms?

23 Write short notes on RNA polymerases of eukaryotic cells?

24 How do histones acquire positive charge?

25 Explain the role of RNA polymerase in transcription in bacteria.

26. Identify giving reasons, the salient features of genetic code by studying the following nucleotide sequences of mRNA strand and the  olypeptide translated from it?

27. Ratan was a known sportsman in his school. While returning home he found some unknown miscreants beating a young fellow. He tried to drive them off but by that time the fellow died of injury. The police arrested Ratan and he was put on trial. The judge being convinced by Ratan's plea, ordered for DNA finger printing reports.

a) Ratan's fingerprints on the dead body were sufficient to convict him but the judge asked for authentic proof? What values can be observed?

b) What is the basis of DNA finger printing?

c) Explain the steps in DNA finger printing.

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