• A sentence is a group of words that makes some sense.
• All the sentences are made up of two parts : the subject and the predicate.
• The subject is the doer of the action in a sentence. The predicate is the description of the subject. It can also be the action carried out by the subject.
•Example: The fox jumped over the fence.
Subject Predicate
The Taj Mahal is a beautiful monument.
Subject Predicate
Reminder: Always start a sentence with a capital letter and put a punctuation mark at the end of the sentence.
Practice Exercise - 1
Q1. Circle the subject and underline the predicate:
a. The crowd cheered the performers.
b. The performers showed different tricks.
c. The crowd loved the tricks.
d. At, the end of the show, the crowd left.
Let’s examine the structure of a sentence:
•Subject + verb + Object
eg . Jai (subject) + hit (verb) + the ball.
Here, the ball is …… object
•What is object? …. An expression that completes the meaning of the verb is object.
• Sometimes there are two objects in a sentence….direct object and indirect object.
The object which is directly affected by the action of the subject is called direct object……..and the one which is not affected directly is indirect object.
eg.
Rahul (subject) + gave (verb) + the book (direct object) + to me. (indirect object)
Here, the book is directly receiving the action ……is directly affected by the action of the subject ……so it is direct object…..and …… me….. is ….indirect object ….as it Is not affected by the subject.
Some more examples :
•I passed him the parcel.
direct object : parcel indirect object : him
• Have you closed the door?
direct object : door
Practice Exercise - 2
Q1 Underline the subject and object and circle the verbs:
a. The police visited the site of the accident.
b. They interviewed some witnesses.
c. The witnesses had seen the accident.
d. They described the accident.
e. The police took away the damaged vehicles.
f. An ambulance took away the injured.
g. Doctors treated the injured.
Q2 Rearrange the following expressions to make sentences. Mark the subject (S), verb (V), object (O) in each:
eg.
a. asked/ an important question/ I
Ans: I (S) asked (V) an important question (O).
b. bought/ a new dress/ she
c. A new teacher/ appointed/ the Principal
d. brought/ gifts/ my friends
e. the new book/ Ragu/ read
f. a ‘thank you’ card/ I/ must send
Let’s learn about Phrases and Clauses….. What is a Phrase ?
• A phrase is a single word or a group of words in a sentence that does not make sense by itself.
• A phrase does not have a subject or a predicate.
• Examples : 1. They met in the evening.
2. He was waiting at the platform.
Here, the underlined expressions are phrases….. these are part of sentences but do not have complete meaning.
Now, Let’s see what is a clause……..
• A clause is also a group of words that may form a part of a sentence.
• But it has a subject , a predicate and a verb.
• It may or may not have a complete meaning.
• Examples: 1.{ I am a student} and {my mother is a teacher}.
In this sentence ……there are two clauses.
Clause 1: I am a student.
Clause 2: my mother is a teacher.
2.{Nidhi says} that {she is a singer}.
And here again we have two clauses.
Clause 1 : Nidhi says
Clause 2. she is a singer.
• Difference between a phrase and a clause :
Practice Exercise - 3
Q1. Identify each of the following as clauses and phrases:
eg. Teachers play an important role in our life. Clause
Those red roses. Phrase
a. was shining near the room
b. she cooks lovely food
c. the pink party dress
d. When he was very young
e. cats chase dogs
f. looking very happy
Note : Write only definition of Sentence, Phrase and Clause and Practice Exercises in notebook not any other detail. Do the given exercises yourself and then verify answers with the answer key. For more practice, you can refer Oxford Learner’s Grammar and Composition on google.
Answer Key
Practice Exercise - 1
Q1. Circle the subject and underline the predicate:
a.The crowd cheered the performers.
b.The performers showed different tricks.
c.The crowd loved the tricks.
d. At,end of the show the , the crowd left.
Practice Exercise - 2
Q1 Underline the subject and object and circle the verbs:
a. The police visited the site of the accident.
b. They interviewed some witnesses.
c. The witnesses had seen the accident.
d. They described the accident.
e. The police took away the damaged vehicles.
f. An ambulance took away the injured.
g. Doctors treated the injured.
Q2 Rearrange the following expressions to make sentences. Mark the subject (S), verb (V), object (O) in each:
b. She (S) bought (V) a new dress (O)
c. The Principal (S) appointed (V) a new teacher(O).
d. My friends (S) brought (V) gifts (O).
e. Ragu (S) read (V) the new book ( O).
f. I (S) must send (V) a thank you card (O).
Practice Exercise - 3
Q1. Identify each of the following as clauses and phrases:
a. was shining near the room………. Clause
b. she cooks lovely food……………… Clause
c. the pink party dress………………… Phrase
d. When he was very young……….. Clause
e. cats chase dogs………………………. Phrase
f. looking very happy…………………. Phrase
