CBSE Class 12 Biology Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQs Set F

Question: The controlled use of biological agents, such as microorganisms or cellular components, for beneficial use is called
a) plant biology
b) biochemistry
c) biotechnology
d) molecular biology
Answer: c

Question: Which of the following is not applicable to Agrobacterium tumifaciens?
a) Pathogen of several dicot plants
b) Has ability to transform normal plant cells
c) Delivers gene of our interest
d) Ti plasmid of it is always pathogenic to plants without any exception
Answer: d

Question: What must be done before placing DNA into the electrophoretic chamber?
a) It must be ground up with mortar and pestle
b) It must be cut by restriction endonucleases
c) It must be treated with RNAase
d) None
Answer: b

Question: The experimental manipulation of DNA of different species, producing recombinant DNA is known as
a) electroporesis
b) recombinant DNA technology
c) transformation
d) somatic hybridization
Answer: b

Question: Plasmid present in bacterial cells are
a) Circular double helical DNA molecules
b) Linear double helical DNA molecules
c) Circular double helical RNA molecules
d) None of these
Answer: a

Question: Restriction endonucleases are
a) used for in vitro DNA synthesis
b) synthesised by bacteria as part of their defence mechanism
c) present in mammalian cells for degradation of DNA when the cell dies
d) used in genetic engineering for ligating two DNA molecules
Answer: b

Question: Most suitable method of introducing alien DNA into a plant cell is
a) lipofection
b) biolistics
c) heat shock method
d) microinjection
Answer: b

Question: Identify the plasmid –
a) Eco RI
b) pBR322
c) AlUl
d) Hind II
Answer: b

Question: During isolation of DNA, addition of which of the following causes precipitation of purified DNA?
a) Chilled ethanol
b) Ribonuclease enzyme
c) DNA polymerase
d) Proteases
Answer: a

Question: Process by which we can add or delete certain gene is
a) Gene therapy
b) Biotechnology
c) Genetic engineering
d) Cytogenetics
Answer: c

Question: Molecular scissors which cut DNA at specific site are –
a) Pectinase
b) Polymerase
c) Restriction Endonuclease
d) Ligase
Answer: c

Question: Plasmids are –
a) DNA
b) Mitochondrial DNA
c) Circular extra chromosomal DNA of bacteria
d) Viral RNA
Answer: c

Question: The structure involved in genetic engineering is –
a) Plasmid
b) Plastid
c) Codon
d) Anticodon
Answer: a

Question: Which is being synthesized by genetic engineering?
a) Insulin
b) Renin
c) Thyroxine
d) Progesterone
Answer: a

Question: Select the wrong statement.
a) The presence of chromogenic substrate gives blue colour colonies, if the plasmid in the bacteria does not have an insert.
b) Retroviruses in animals have the ability to transform normal cells into cancerous cells.
c) In microinjection, cells are bombarded with high velocity microparticles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA.
d) Since DNA is a hydrophilic molecule it cannot pass through cell membranes.
Answer: c

Question: DNA fingerprinting is based on –
a) Clones of DNA
b) DNA segments formed by RE enzymes
c) Human efforts
d) Gene library
Answer: b

Question: A bioreactor (fermenter) refers to
a) a device in which substances are treated to stimulate biochemical-transformation by living cells
b) a nuclear reactor for biological studies
c) a tank for biochemical reactions
d) organisms reacting to a stimulus
Answer: a

Question: PCR needs –
a) 2 sets of primers
b) Taq polymerase
c) Nucleotide as raw materials
d) All
Answer: d

Question: Identify the DNA segment which is not a palindromic sequence.
a) 5′ GGATCC 3′ / 3′ CTTAAG 5′
b) 5′ GAATTC 3′ / 3′ GGTACC 5′
c) 5′ GCGGCCGC 3′ / 3′ CGCCGGCG 5′
d) 5′ CCCGGG 3′ / 3′ GGGCCC 5′
Answer: a

Question: Restriction enzymes are used in genetic engineering because –
a) They can cut DNA at specific base sequence
b) They are nucleases that can cut DNA at variable sites
c) They can join different DNA fragments
d) They are proteolytic enzymes which can degrade harmful proteins
Answer: a

Question: Which enzymes are used to break the cell to release DNA?
a) Lysozyme
b) Cellulase
c) Chitinase
d) All of these
Answer: d

Question: During gel electrophoresis for separation of DNA fragments
a) Smallest fragment will move to the farthest point towards cathode
b) Smallest fragment will move to the farthest point towards anode
c) Largest fragment will move to the farthest point towards cathode
d) Largest fragment will move to the farthest point towards anode
Answer: b

Question: The construction of the first recombinant DNA was done by using the native plasmid of
a) E. Coli
b) Salmonella typhimurium
c) B. thuringiensis
d) Yeast
Answer: b

Question: The most commonly used bioreactor is of stirring type. The stirrer facilitates –
a) Temperature control
b) pH control
c) Oxygen availability
d) Product removal
Answer: c

Question: Which of the following enzyme is used in case of fungus to cause release of DNA along with other macromolecules?
a) Lysozyme
b) Cellulase
c) Chitinase
d) Amylase
Answer: c

Question: In DNA fingerprinting –
a) The variability of repeated sequences between two restriction sites is evaluated
b) Exonuclease enzyme digests/generate unique fragments
c) Amplifies fewer DNA
d) Protein is identified
Answer: a

Question: The first restriction endonuclease reported was –
a) Hind II
b) EcoRI
c) Hind III
d) BamHI
Answer: a

Question: For transformation with recombinant DNA, the bacterial cells must first be made ‘competent’, which means –
a) Should increase their metabolic reactions
b) Should decrease their metabolic reactions
c) Increase efficiency with which DNA enters the bacterium
d) Ability to divide fast
Answer: c

Question: Transgenic plants are developed by –
a) Clone and genetically modified genes
b) Introduction of foreign genes
c) Genetic engineering
d) Purified genes
Answer: b

Question: DNA fingerprinting is done by a technique called –
a) ELISA
b) Northern blotting
c) Southern blotting
d) RIA
Answer: c

Question: Pairing of fragments derived from DNA is a process called –
a) Staggering
b) Annealing
c) Augmenting
d) Fragmenting
Answer: b

Question: When genotype of an organism is improved by the addition of foreign genes, the process is called –
a) Biotechnology
b) Tissue culture
c) Genetic engineering
d) Genetic diversity
Answer: c

Question: Insertional inactivation is related to –
a) Microinjection
b) Gene gun
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) Selection of recombinants
Answer: d

Question: The term “Humulin” is associated with –
a) Insulin hormone produced by transgenic E. coli
b) Lysosomal enzyme
c) Isoenzymes of LDH
d) Antibiotic produced by transgenic Penicillium
Answer: a

Question: During heat shock to the bacterium, the temperature used for giving thermal shock is –
a) 82°C
b) 100°C
c) Liquid nitrogen
d) 42°C
Answer: d

Question: After completing the transformation experiment involving the coding sequence of enzyme α-galactosidase, the recombinant colonies should –
a) Give blue colour
b) Not give blue colour
c) Have active α-galactosidase
d) Both (b) & (c)
Answer: b

Question: Which of the following techniques can be used to introduce foreign DNA into cell?
a) Using disarmed pathogen
b) Microinjection
c) Gene gun
d) All of these
Answer: d

Question: After the formation of the product in the bioreactors, it undergoes separation and purification before marketing. These processes are collectively referred to as –
a) Upstream processing
b) Downstream processing
c) Elution
d) Transformation
Answer: b

Question: Which of the following has the ability to transform normal cells into cancerous cells in animals?
a) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
b) Retroviruses
c) DNA-viruses
d) Plasmids
Answer: b

Question: Cry endo toxins obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis are effective against –
a) Nematodes
b) Boll worms
c) Mosquitoes
d) Flies
Answer: b

Question: The tumour-inducing capacity of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is located in large extrachromosomal plasmids called
a) Ri plasmids
b) plasmid pBR 322
c) lambda phage
d) Ti plasmid
Answer: d

Question: Which of the following method(s) is/are used to introduce foreign DNA into host cells?
a) biolistics
b) electrophoresis
c) elution
d) DNA ligation
Answer: a

Question: Which of the following method can be used for making the bacterial cell ‘competent’?
a) Treating with specific conc. of divalent cation (Ca²⁺)
b) Treating with specific conc. of monovalent cation (K⁺)
c) Heat shock
d) Both (a) & (c)
Answer: d

Question: Which vector can clone only a small fragment of DNA?
a) Bacterial artificial chromosome
b) Yeast artificial chromosome
c) Plasmid
d) Cosmid
Answer: c

Question: The process of separation and purification of expressed protein before marketing is called
a) downstream processing
b) bioprocessing
c) postproduction processing
d) upstream processing
Answer: a

Question: DNA into a plant cell is introduced by –
a) lipofection
b) biolistics
c) heat shock method
d) microinjection
Answer: b

Question: X technique is now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients. It is being used to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients too. It is a powerful technique to identify many other genetic disorders. Identify X –
a) PCR
b) DNA fingerprinting
c) Bioinformatics
d) X-ray diffraction
Answer: a

Question: Select the wrong statement.
a) The presence of chromogenic substrate gives blue colour colonies, if the plasmid in the bacteria does not have an insert.
b) Retroviruses in animals have the ability to transform normal cells into cancerous cells.
c) In microinjection, cells are bombarded with high velocity microparticles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA.
d) Since DNA is a hydrophilic molecule it cannot pass through cell membranes.
Answer: c

Question: Which of the following is a restriction endonuclease?
a) DNase I
b) RNase
c) Hind II
d) Protease
Answer: c

Question: For transformation, micro-particles coated with DNA to be bombarded with a gene gun are made up of
a) silver or platinum
b) platinum or zinc
c) silicon or platinum
d) gold or tungsten
Answer: d

Question: A selectable marker is used to
a) help in eliminating the non-transformants, so that the transformants can be regenerated
b) identify the gene for a desired trait in an alien organism
c) select a suitable vector for transformation in a specific crop
d) mark a gene on a chromosome for isolation using restriction enzyme
Answer: a

Question: The colonies of recombinant bacteria appear white in contrast to blue colonies of non-recombinant bacteria because of
a) insertional inactivation of alpha-galactosidase in recombinant bacteria
b) inactivation of glycosidase enzyme in recombinant bacteria
c) non-recombinant bacteria containing beta-galactosidase
d) insertional inactivation of alpha-galactosidase in non-recombinant bacteria
Answer: c

Question: The term ‘Southern Blotting’ refers to
a) transfer of DNA fragments from in vitro cellulose membrane to electrophoretic gel
b) attachment of probes to DNA fragments
c) transfer of DNA fragments from electrophoretic gel to nitrocellulose sheet
d) comparison of DNA fragments from two sources
Answer: c

Question: PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism are methods for
a) study of enzymes
b) genetic transformation
c) DNA sequencing
d) genetic fingerprinting
Answer: d

Question: Given below is a sample of a portion of DNA strand giving the base sequence on the opposite strands. What is so special shown in it?
5′ — GAATTC — 3′
3′ — CTTAAG — 5′
a) Replication completed
b) Deletion mutation
c) Start codon at the 5′ end
d) Palindromic sequence of base pairs
Answer: d

Question: Which steps are involved in genetically modifying an organism?
A Identification of desirable DNA
B. Insertion of DNA into the host
C. Maintenance of introduced DNA in the host
D. Isolation of recombinant protein
a) A, B
b) B, C
c) A, B, C
d) A,B,C,D
Answer: c

Question: The areas of application of PCR include
A. production of monoclonal antibodies B. insertion of recombinant DNA into organism
C. diagnosis of specific mutation D. detection of plant pathogens.
a) A, B
b) B,C
c) C, D
d) A, B, C, D
Answer: c

Question: Which one is associated with Agrobacterium tumifaciens?
A. Tumor
B. Ti plasmid
C. T-DNA
D. Cancerous cells
a) A, B
b) B,C
c) A, B, C
d) A,B, C, D
Answer: b

Question: Molecular probes used for identification of recombinant clone carrying the desired DNA insert can be
A. denatured double stranded DNA probes 
B. double stranded RNA probes
C. protein probes 
D. single stranded DNA probes
a) A, B
b) B, C
c) A, D
d) A, B, C, D
Answer: a

Question: Restriction endonucleases-
A. are found in bacteria
B. are very useful in genetic engineering
C. cut the DMA at particular sites
D. are used naturally in a bacterial cell to defend against foreign DMA
a) A,B
b) B,C
c) C,D
d) A,B, C, D
Answer: d

Question: Column I Column II
I. Ti plasmid                 A. Agrobacterium tumifaciens
II. Sail                          B. Cancerous cells
III. Retroviruses          C. Recombinant DNA
IV. Ligase                    D. Restriction enzyme
a) l-D, II-A, III-B, IV-C
b) I-B., II-A, III-D, IV-C
c) l-D, II-A, ill-C, IV-B
d) l-B, II-A, III-D, IV-C
Answer: d

Question: Fill up the blanks –
A. The construction of the first recombinant DNA emerged from the possibility of linking a gene encoding antibiotic resistance with a native _____ of_____.
B. Hind II always cut DNA molecules at a particular point by recognising a specific sequence of ______ base pairs. This specific sequence is known as ______for Hind II.
C. The ______ in DNA is a sequence of base that reads same on the two strands when orientation of reading is kept the same.
D. ______, a pathogen of several dicot plants is able to deliver a piece of DNA known as ______to transform normal plant cells into tumor cells.
a) A – Plasmid, Salmonella typhimurium; B – Six, Recognition sequence, C – P ndrome, D – Agrobacterium tumifaciens, T-DNA
b) A- Plasmid, Salmonella typhimurium; B – Seven, Recognition sequence, C – P ndrome, D – Agrobacterium tumifaciens, T-DNA
c) A- Chromosome, Salmonella typhimurium; B – Six, Recognition sequence, G – P ndrome, D-Agrobacterium tumifaciens, T-DNA
d) A – Plasmid, Salmonella typhimurium; B – Six, Recognition sequence, C – P ndrome, D – Agrobacterium tumifaciens, Z-DNA
Answer: a

Question: Identify the true statements –
A. The first recombinant DNA was constructed by using a piece of DNA from a plasmid carrying antibiotic resistance gene in the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium and linked it to the plasmid of E. coll.
B. Cohen and Boyer are known as father of genetic engineering.
C. When cut by the same restriction enzyme, the resultant DNA fragments have the same kind of sticky ends and these can be joined together using DNA \-times.
D. Endonucleases remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNA whereas exonucleases make cuts at specific positions within the DNA.
E. Presence of more than one recognition sites within the vector will generate several fragments, which will complicate the gene cloning.
F. Humulin was the first recombinant DNA, based product, produced and marketed in India.
G. YAC vectors contain the telomeric sequence, the centromere and autonomously replicating sequence from yeast chromosomes.
H. Alk ne phosphatase, is used to- prevent unwanted self ligation of the vector DNA molecules in procedures of r DNAtechnology.
I. pBR322 vector was the first artificial ideal vector constructed by Boliver and Rodriguer.
J. Plasmid DNA is coated with histone proteins and can act as genetic factor.
a) B, D, F, J
b) B, D, E, J
c) A, C, E, G, H, I
d) A, B, D, F, J
Answer: c

Question: Column I Column II
I. Cloning                                           A. Making multiple identical copies
II. Molecular scissor                          B. Tumour
!!!. Restriction endonuclease            C. Restriction enzymes
IV. T-DNA D. Enzyme
a) I -D, II-A, III-B, IV-C
b) l-B, II-A, III-D, IV-C
c) l-A,ll-C, III-D, IV-B
d) l-A, II-D, III-B, IV-C
Answer: c