NCERT Book Class 11 Maths Mathematical Reasoning

there are few things which we know which are not capable of mathematical reasoning and when these can not, it is a sign that our knowledge of them is very small and confused and where mathematical reasoning can be had, it is as great a folly to make use of another, as to grope for a thing in the dark when you have a candle stick standing by you. – ARTHENBOT 

14.1 Introduction
In this Chapter, we shall discuss about some basic ideas of Mathematical Reasoning. All of us know that human beings evolved from the lower species over many millennia. The main asset that made humans “superior” to other species was the ability to reason. How well this ability can be used depends on each person’s power of reasoning. How to develop this power? Here, we shall discuss the process of reasoning especially in the context of mathematics.

In mathematical language, there are two kinds of reasoning – inductive and deductive. We have already discussed inductive reasoning in the context of mathematical induction. In this Chapter, we shall discuss some fundamentals of deductive reasoning.

14.2 Statements
The basic unit involved in mathematical reasoning is a mathematical statement. Let us start with two sentences:

In 2003, the president of India was a woman. An elephant weighs more than a human being.

Please refer to attached file for NCERT Class 11 Maths Mathematical Reasoning