CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Amines MCQs Set 08

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for Class 12 Chemistry: Unit 9 Amines

Access targeted multiple-choice questions for Unit 9 Amines designed to align with the latest CBSE academic syllabus for Class 12 Chemistry. These objective practice sets help students evaluate their conceptual understanding and improve exam readiness.

Practice Unit 9 Amines MCQs for Class 12 Chemistry

Access the complete set of multiple-choice questions for Unit 9 Amines below. This focused format allows students to isolate specific topics for thorough review and uninterrupted practice alongside official CBSE textbooks.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Identify X, Y and Z in the given reaction:
CH2=CH2 Br2
⟶
CCl4
X NaCN
⟶
Y LiAlH4
⟶
Z
(a) X = CH2Br–CH2Br, Y = CH3CH2CH2CN, Z = CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2
(b) X = CH2Br–CH2Br, Y = CH3CH2CN, Z = CH3CH2CH2NH2
(c) X = CH3CH2Br, Y = CH3CH2CN, Z = CH3CH2CH2NH2
(d) X = CH2Br–CH2Br, Y = NCCH2CH2CN, Z = H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) X = CH2Br–CH2Br, Y = NCCH2CH2CN, Z = H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2

Explanation:
1. CH2=CH2 Br2
⟶
CCl4
CH2Br–CH2Br (X) NaCN
⟶
NCCH2CH2CN (Y) LiAlH4
⟶
H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2 (Z, 1,4-diaminobutane)

Teacher's Note:
1. Both bromine atoms of 1,2-dibromoethane are replaced by CN, so every later step happens at both ends of the chain.

Question 2: Benzoic acid is treated with SOCl2 and the product (X) formed is reacted with ammonia to give (Y). (Y) on reaction with Br2 and KOH gives (Z). (Z) in the reaction is
(a) aniline
(b) chlorobenzene
(c) benzamide
(d) benzoyl chloride.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) aniline

Explanation:
1. C6H5COOH (benzoic acid) SOCl2
⟶
C6H5COCl (benzoyl chloride, X) NH3
⟶
C6H5CONH2 (benzamide, Y) Br2
⟶
KOH
C6H5NH2 (aniline, Z)

Teacher's Note:
1. The last step is Hoffmann bromamide degradation, which removes the C=O carbon and leaves NH2 directly on the ring.

Question 3: Amongst the given set of reactants, the most appropriate for preparing 2° amine is
(a) 2° R–Br + NH3
(b) 2° R–Br + NaCN followed by H2/Pt
(c) 1° R–NH2 + RCHO followed by H2/Pt
(d) 1° R–Br (2 moles) + potassium phthalimide followed by H3O+/heat.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 1° R–NH2 + RCHO followed by H2/Pt

Explanation:
1. R–NH2 + RCHO Reductive
⟶
amination
[R–N=CHR] H2/Pt
⟶
R–NH–CH2–R (2° amine)

Teacher's Note:
1. Reductive amination puts exactly one new alkyl group on the nitrogen, so it avoids the mixture of amines that ammonolysis gives.

Question 4: Which of the following can exist as zwitter ion?
(a) p-Aminoacetophenone
(b) Sulphanilic acid
(c) p-Nitroaminobenzene
(d) p-Methoxyphenol
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Sulphanilic acid

Explanation:
1. Sulphanilic acid, p-H2N–C6H4–SO3H, has an acidic –SO3H group and a basic –NH2 group in the same molecule. Proton transfer gives the zwitter ion p-H3N+–C6H4–SO3−.
2. p-H2NC6H4SO3H ⇌ p-H3N+C6H4SO3− (zwitter ion)

Teacher's Note:
1. A zwitter ion needs both an acidic group and a basic group in one molecule; check for both before choosing.

Question 5: Which of the following amines will give carbylamine reaction?
(a) (C2H5)3N
(b) (C2H5)2NH
(c) C2H5NH2
(d) C3H7NHC2H5
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) C2H5NH2

Explanation:
1. Only primary amines will give carbylamine reaction.
2. C2H5NH2 + CHCl3 + 3KOH (alc.) Heat
⟶
C2H5NC + 3KCl + 3H2O

Teacher's Note:
1. Carbylamine test needs two H atoms on nitrogen, so it works for 1° amines (aliphatic or aromatic) only.

Question 6: Among the compounds: C3H7NH2, CH3NH2, C2H5NH2 and C6H5NH2. Which is the least basic compound?
(a) CH3NH2
(b) C2H5NH2
(c) C3H7NH2
(d) C6H5NH2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) C6H5NH2

Explanation:
1. Aryl amines are less basic than alkyl amines because the phenyl group exerts −I effect and the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen is in conjugation, resulting in decrease in electron density on nitrogen atom for protonation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Any amine whose nitrogen lone pair is in resonance with a benzene ring is weaker than the simple alkylamines.

Question 7: The correct order of boiling points of the following isomeric amines is
C4H9NH2, (C2H5)2NH, C2H5N(CH3)2
(a) C2H5N(CH3)2 > (C2H5)2NH > C4H9NH2
(b) (C2H5)2NH > C2H5N(CH3)2 > C4H9NH2
(c) C4H9NH2 > (C2H5)2NH > C2H5N(CH3)2
(d) (C2H5)2NH > C4H9NH2 > C2H5N(CH3)2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) C4H9NH2 > (C2H5)2NH > C2H5N(CH3)2

Explanation:
1. The boiling points of amines vary in the order of primary > secondary > tertiary.
2. This is because the extent of intermolecular hydrogen bonding decreases as the number of H atoms on nitrogen decreases.

Teacher's Note:
1. For isomeric amines, count the H atoms on N: two (1°) > one (2°) > none (3°) gives the boiling point order.

Question 8: Tertiary amines have lowest boiling points amongst isomeric amines because
(a) they have highest molecular mass
(b) they do not form hydrogen bonds
(c) they are more polar in nature
(d) they are most basic in nature.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) they do not form hydrogen bonds

Explanation:
1. Primary and secondary amines can form hydrogen bonds whereas tertiary amines fail to do so. Hence, their boiling points are lowest.

Teacher's Note:
1. Isomers have the same molecular mass, so mass cannot explain differences in their boiling points.

Question 9: In the following reaction, the 1,1-dimethylpiperidinium ion shown below is heated with OH− (OH−/Δ) to give X. The organic product X has the structure
N+H3CCH3 (a) CH2=CH–CH2–CH=CH2
(b) (CH3)2N–CH=CH–CH2–CH2–CH3
(c) (CH3)2N–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH=CH2
(d) (CH3)2N–CH2–CH=CH–CH2–CH3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) (CH3)2N–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH=CH2

Explanation:
1. OH− removes a hydrogen from the β-carbon (next to the ring carbon attached to N+) and the C–N bond breaks, with loss of H2O (Hofmann elimination).
2. The ring opens and the double bond forms at the end of the chain: (CH3)2N–CH2CH2CH2CH=CH2.

Teacher's Note:
1. In Hofmann elimination the ring opens, so nitrogen stays at one end of the chain and the new C=C appears at the other end.

Question 10: Amides may be converted into amines by a reaction named after
(a) Hoffmann
(b) Claisen
(c) Perkin
(d) Kekule.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Hoffmann

Explanation:
1. Amides are converted into primary amines with one carbon atom less by treatment with Br2 and NaOH/KOH; this is Hoffmann bromamide degradation.
2. RCONH2 + Br2 + 4NaOH → RNH2 + Na2CO3 + 2NaBr + 2H2O

Teacher's Note:
1. Remember that Hoffmann bromamide degradation shortens the carbon chain by one carbon.

Question 11: The reaction of benzenesulphonyl chloride with ethylamine yields
(a) N-ethylbenzenesulphonamide, insoluble in alkali
(b) N, N-diethylbenzenesulphonamide, soluble in alkali
(c) N, N-diethylbenzenesulphonamide, insoluble in alkali
(d) N-ethylbenzenesulphonamide, soluble in alkali.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) N-ethylbenzenesulphonamide, soluble in alkali.

Explanation:
1. C6H5SO2Cl + H–NH–C2H5 → C6H5SO2–NH–C2H5 + HCl
2. N-Ethylbenzenesulphonamide still has an H on nitrogen, which is acidic due to the strongly electron-withdrawing sulphonyl group, so it is soluble in alkali.

Teacher's Note:
1. The H left on nitrogen in the sulphonamide of a 1° amine is what makes it dissolve in KOH; a 2° amine product has no such H.

Question 12: Basic strength of different alkyl amines depends upon
(a) +I effect
(b) steric effect
(c) solvation effect
(d) all of these.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) all of these.

Explanation:
1. In aqueous solution, the basic strength of alkyl amines is decided by the combined effect of the +I effect of alkyl groups, steric hindrance and solvation (H-bonding) of the protonated amine.

Teacher's Note:
1. This combination is why the order in water (2° > 1° > 3° for methylamines) differs from the order in the gas phase.

Question 13: Which of the following amides will give ethylamine on reaction with sodium hypobromite?
(a) Butanamide
(b) Propanamide
(c) Acetamide
(d) Benzamide
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Propanamide

Explanation:
1. CH3CH2CONH2 (propanamide) Br2/NaOH
⟶
(NaOBr)
CH3CH2NH2 + NaBr + Na2CO3 + H2O

Teacher's Note:
1. To find the amide, add one carbon to the amine you want: ethylamine (C2) comes from a C3 amide.

Question 14: o-Chloroaniline is treated with a mixture of NaNO2 and HCl and the product is reacted with cuprous bromide. The final product in the reaction will be
(a) chlorobenzene
(b) bromobenzene
(c) o-bromochlorobenzene (1-bromo-2-chlorobenzene)
(d) o-dibromobenzene (1,2-dibromobenzene)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) o-bromochlorobenzene (1-bromo-2-chlorobenzene)

Explanation:
1. o-ClC6H4NH2 NaNO2
⟶
HCl
o-ClC6H4N2+Cl− CuBr
⟶
HBr
o-ClC6H4Br

Teacher's Note:
1. In Sandmeyer reaction only the –N2+ group is replaced; the other substituents on the ring stay where they are.

Question 15: When p-toluidine reacts with chloroform and alcoholic KOH, then the product is
(a) p-CH3C6H4–CN
(b) p-CH3C6H4–NC
(c) p-CH3C6H4–NHCH3
(d) p-CH3C6H4–N2+Cl−
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) p-CH3C6H4–NC

Explanation:
1. p-CH3C6H4NH2 (p-toluidine, 4-methylaniline) + CHCl3 + 3KOH (alc.) Δ
⟶
p-CH3C6H4NC + 3KCl + 3H2O

Teacher's Note:
1. The carbylamine product is an isocyanide (–NC, nitrogen attached to the ring), not a cyanide (–CN).

Question 16: Acetylation of a secondary amine in alkaline medium yields
(a) N, N-dialkyl acetamide
(b) N, N-dialkyl amine
(c) N, N-dialkyl amide
(d) acetyl dialkyl amine.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) N, N-dialkyl acetamide

Explanation:
1. R2NH (secondary amine) + CH3COCl (acetyl chloride) → R2NCOCH3 (N, N-dialkyl acetamide or dialkylethanamide)

Teacher's Note:
1. The base is added to remove the HCl formed, which shifts the equilibrium towards the amide.

Question 17: Amino group is o, p-directing for electrophilic substitution reaction. But, on nitration the major product is m-nitroaniline because
(a) aniline gets protonated with strong acids to give anilinium ion which is m-directing
(b) nitration requires nitric acid which oxidises –NH2 to –NO2 group
(c) electrophile NO2+ is a m-directing group
(d) benzene ring exerts +I effect and deactivates the ring.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) aniline gets protonated with strong acids to give anilinium ion which is m-directing

Explanation:
1. Anilinium ion formed by protonation of aniline deactivates o- and p-positions, hence substitution takes place at m-position.
2. C6H5NH2 H+
⟶
C6H5NH3+ (anilinium ion) HNO3
⟶
H2SO4
m-O2NC6H4NH3+ −H+
⟶
m-O2NC6H4NH2 (m-nitroaniline)

Teacher's Note:
1. –NH3+ has no lone pair and pulls electrons by −I effect, so it behaves like a typical meta-directing group.

Question 18: Which of the following is amphoteric in nature?
(a) CH3NH2
(b) CH3NHCH3
(c) CH3CONH2
(d) (CH3)3N
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) CH3CONH2

Explanation:
1. Amines are basic in nature while amides are amphoteric in nature.
2. In CH3CONH2 the lone pair on N is delocalised over the C=O group, so it is a very weak base and its N–H is weakly acidic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Amides react both with strong acids and with strong bases (e.g. Na/Hg forms salts), which is why they are called amphoteric.

Question 19: The shape of (CH3)3N is pyramidal because
(a) nitrogen forms three sp3 hybridised sigma bonds with carbon atoms of methyl groups and there is one non-bonding electron pair
(b) nitrogen forms three sp2 hybridised sigma bonds with carbon atoms of methyl groups and fourth orbital forms pi bond
(c) nitrogen has five valencies which are arranged in pyramidal shape.
(d) the unpaired electron present on nitrogen is delocalised.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) nitrogen forms three sp3 hybridised sigma bonds with carbon atoms of methyl groups and there is one non-bonding electron pair

Explanation:
1. Nitrogen forms three sp3 hybridised sigma bonds with carbon atoms of methyl groups and has a non-bonding electron pair in the fourth sp3 orbital. Thus (CH3)3N has pyramidal shape.

Teacher's Note:
1. The lone pair compresses the C–N–C angle to about 108°, slightly less than the tetrahedral 109.5°.

Question 20: Which of the following compounds will show Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction?
(a) C6H5NO2
(b) C6H5CH2NH2
(c) C6H5CONH2
(d) C6H5NHCH3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) C6H5CONH2

Explanation:
1. Amides on reaction with Br2 and KOH will give amine containing one carbon atom less. This reaction is called Hoffmann bromamide degradation.
2. C6H5CONH2 + Br2 + 4KOH Δ
⟶
C6H5NH2 + 2KBr + K2CO3 + 2H2O

Teacher's Note:
1. Only a primary amide (–CONH2) can undergo this reaction; look for the C=O attached to NH2.

Question 21: Which of the following statements is not true?
(a) In aqueous solution (CH3)2NH is a stronger base than (CH3)3N.
(b) Secondary amines show carbylamine reaction.
(c) Nitrogen gas is evolved when ethylamine is treated with nitrous acid.
(d) Secondary amines can show metamerism.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Secondary amines show carbylamine reaction.

Explanation:
1. Only primary amines show carbylamine reaction. Hence statement (b) is not true.

Teacher's Note:
1. Read 'not true' questions slowly; here three statements are correct facts and only one is false.

Question 22: Reduction of aromatic nitro compounds using Sn and HCl gives
(a) aromatic primary amines
(b) aromatic secondary amines
(c) aromatic tertiary amines
(d) aromatic amides.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) aromatic primary amines

Explanation:
1. C6H5NO2 Sn/HCl
⟶
C6H5NH2

Teacher's Note:
1. The nitrogen of –NO2 is attached to one carbon only, so its reduction can give only a primary amine.

Question 23: Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of basicity: CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH, NH3, C6H5NH2
(a) C6H5NH2 < NH3 < (CH3)2NH < CH3NH2
(b) CH3NH2 < (CH3)2NH < NH3 < C6H5NH2
(c) C6H5NH2 < NH3 < CH3NH2 < (CH3)2NH
(d) (CH3)2NH < CH3NH2 < NH3 < C6H5NH2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) C6H5NH2 < NH3 < CH3NH2 < (CH3)2NH

Explanation:
1. C6H5NH2 < NH3 < CH3NH2 < (CH3)2NH
2. Aniline is weakest due to resonance; alkyl groups (+I effect) make methylamines stronger than NH3, and in water (CH3)2NH is the strongest of these.

Teacher's Note:
1. Check the pKb values: aniline 9.38, NH3 4.75, CH3NH2 3.38, (CH3)2NH 3.27 – lower pKb means stronger base.

Question 24: Primary amines react with benzoyl chloride to give
(a) benzamides
(b) ethanamides
(c) imides
(d) imines.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) benzamides

Explanation:
1. Primary amines react with benzoyl chloride to give benzamides and the reaction is known as benzoylation.
2. CH3NH2 (methanamine) + C6H5COCl (benzoyl chloride) → CH3NHCOC6H5 (N-methylbenzamide) + HCl

Teacher's Note:
1. Acylation with acetyl chloride gives ethanamides; with benzoyl chloride it gives benzamides.

Question 25: CH3CH2Cl NaCN
⟶
X Ni/H2
⟶
Y Acetic
⟶
anhydride
Z
Z in the above reaction is
(a) CH3CH2CH2NHCOCH3
(b) CH3CH2CH2NH2
(c) CH3CH2CH2CONHCH3
(d) CH3CH2CH2CONHCOCH3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) CH3CH2CH2NHCOCH3

Explanation:
1. CH3CH2Cl NaCN
⟶
CH3CH2CN (X) Ni/H2
⟶
CH3CH2CH2NH2 (Y) (CH3CO)2O
⟶
CH3CH2CH2NHCOCH3 (Z)

Teacher's Note:
1. The cyanide step adds one carbon, so the amine formed has one carbon more than the alkyl halide.

Question 26: Anilinium hydrogensulphate on heating with sulphuric acid at 453-473 K produces
(a) sulphanilic acid
(b) benzenesulphonic acid
(c) aniline
(d) anthranilic acid.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) sulphanilic acid

Explanation:
1. C6H5NH3+HSO4− 453-473 K
⟶
p-H2NC6H4SO3H (sulphanilic acid) Rearrangement
⟶
p-H3N+C6H4SO3− (zwitter ion)

Teacher's Note:
1. Sulphanilic acid is the para product, because –NH2 directs to the less hindered p-position.

Question 27: A compound (X) with molecular formula C3H9N reacts with C6H5SO2Cl to give a solid which is insoluble in alkali. (X) is
(a) CH3CH2CH2NH2
(b) (CH3)3N
(c) CH3–NH–CH2CH3
(d) CH3–CH(NH2)–CH3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) CH3–NH–CH2CH3

Explanation:
1. Since the compound reacts with benzenesulphonyl chloride to give a product which is insoluble in alkali, it shows there is no H attached to N in the product. Hence, the compound X is a secondary amine.
2. CH3–NH–C2H5 + C6H5SO2Cl → CH3–N(C2H5)–SO2C6H5 (N-ethyl-N-methylbenzenesulphonamide) + HCl

Teacher's Note:
1. A 3° amine does not react at all with Hinsberg's reagent, so 'reacts but insoluble in alkali' points only to a 2° amine.

Assertion–Reason Questions

Question 28:
Assertion (A): Ortho substituted anilines are usually weaker bases than anilines.
Reason (R): This is due to ortho effect.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Ortho effect is a consequence of steric and electronic factors.
2. Hence, ortho substituted anilines are usually weaker bases than aniline, whatever the nature of the substituent.

Teacher's Note:
1. o-Toluidine is weaker than aniline even though –CH3 releases electrons – a classic example of the ortho effect.

Question 29:
Assertion (A): In Hoffmann bromamide reaction, the amine formed has one carbon atom less than the parent 1° amide.
Reason (R): N-methyl acetamide undergoes Hoffmann bromamide reaction.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.

Explanation:
1. Only primary amines can be prepared from amides (RCONH2) by treating with Br2 and KOH. Thus, N-methyl acetamide i.e., CH3CONHCH3 does not undergo Hoffmann bromamide reaction.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hoffmann bromamide reaction needs two H atoms on the amide nitrogen; a secondary amide such as CH3CONHCH3 does not react.

Question 30:
Assertion (A): In strongly acidic solutions, aniline becomes more reactive towards electrophilic reagents.
Reason (R): The amino group being completely protonated in strongly acidic solution, the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen is no longer available for resonance.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) A is false, but R is true.

Explanation:
1. In strongly acidic medium, aniline gets protonated and so the lone pair of electrons is not available to produce +E or +M effects. On the other hand, the –NH3+ group exerts strong −I effect and thus it causes the deactivation of the ring.
2. Hence the assertion is false and the reason is true.

Teacher's Note:
1. Protonation turns the activating –NH2 into the deactivating –NH3+; that is why aniline becomes less reactive in strong acid.

Question 31:
Assertion (A): Ammonia is more basic than water.
Reason (R): Nitrogen is less electronegative than oxygen.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Ammonia is more basic than water. It is because nitrogen being less electronegative than oxygen, has a greater tendency to donate electrons.

Teacher's Note:
1. The less electronegative atom holds its lone pair less tightly, so it donates the pair to a proton more readily.

Question 32:
Assertion (A): Me3N reacts with BF3 whereas Ph3N does not.
Reason (R): The electron pair on nitrogen atom in Ph3N is delocalised in the benzene ring and is not available for boron in BF3.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Me3N is a Lewis base and donates its lone pair to the electron deficient boron of BF3 to form the adduct Me3N→BF3.
2. In Ph3N the lone pair on nitrogen is delocalised over the three benzene rings, so it is not available for donation to BF3. Hence the reason correctly explains the assertion.

Teacher's Note:
1. BF3 is a Lewis acid, so its reaction with an amine is a test of how available the nitrogen lone pair is.

Question 33:
Assertion (A): Aniline is a weaker base than cyclohexylamine.
Reason (R): Aniline undergoes halogenation even in the absence of a catalyst.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Aniline exists as resonance hybrid. As a result of resonance, the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen gets delocalized over the benzene ring and thus, is less easily available for protonation than in case of cyclohexylamine where no such resonance takes place.
2. The reason is also true (the ring is highly activated by –NH2), but it does not explain the assertion.

Teacher's Note:
1. Both statements come from the same resonance of the lone pair, but the reason describes ring reactivity, not basicity.

Question 34:
Assertion (A): Controlled nitration of aniline at low temperature mainly gives m-nitroaniline.
Reason (R): In acidic medium, –NH2 group gets converted into m-directing group.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Under acidic condition, aniline gets protonated to anilinium ion (–NH3+ group). This is deactivating and m-directing group. Thus, controlled nitration of aniline mainly gives m-nitroaniline.

Teacher's Note:
1. Direct nitration of aniline gives a mixture with about 47% m-nitroaniline, together with p-nitroaniline and oxidation products.

Question 35:
Assertion (A): Ammonolysis of alkyl halides involves the reaction between alkyl halides and alcoholic ammonia.
Reason (R): Reaction can be used to prepare 1°, 2°, 3° amines and finally quaternary ammonium salts.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Alkyl halides react with alcoholic ammonia (in a sealed tube at about 373 K) to give amines; this is ammonolysis.
2. RX + NH3 → RNH2 RX
⟶
R2NH RX
⟶
R3N RX
⟶
R4N+X−
3. Both statements are true, but the reason only states what products can form; it does not explain the assertion.

Teacher's Note:
1. The main drawback of ammonolysis is that it gives a mixture of amines; a large excess of NH3 favours the primary amine.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for Class 12 Chemistry Unit 9 Amines

About Unit 9 Amines MCQs for Class 12 Chemistry

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