CBSE Class 12 Informatics Practices HTML I Basic HTML Elements Assignment

Question. What is Web Server?
Answer: Web server delivers (serves) content, such as web pages, using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), over the World Wide Web.
In simple words: A web server is a computer that stores web pages and sends them to users when they request them.

Exam Tip: Remember that a web server responds to requests from clients over HTTP.

Question. What is Web Browser?
Answer: A web browser is a client that initiates communication by making a request for a specific resource. The server then responds with the content of that resource, or an error message if unable to provide the contents due to any reason.
In simple words: A web browser is an application (like Chrome or Edge) used to view web pages on the internet.

Exam Tip: Key terms to include are client, request, and resource.

Unsolved Questions

Question 1. In the URL, http://www.mycorp.com/pr/master.htm, what is the http component?
Answer: The http component represents the protocol (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) used by the browser to communicate with the web server.
In simple words: It tells the browser how to fetch the web page.

Exam Tip: Always state that it stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol and defines the rules for data transfer.

Question 2. In the URL, http://www.mycorp.com/pr/master.htm, what is the www.mycorp.com component?
Answer: The www.mycorp.com component is the domain name or host server name where the website is hosted.
In simple words: It is the unique address of the website on the internet.

Exam Tip: Mention that it identifies the specific server or domain.

Question 3. In the URL, http://www.mycorp.com/pr/master.htm, what is the /pr/master.htm component?
Answer: The /pr/master.htm component is the file path and specific file name on the server being requested.
In simple words: It specifies the exact folder and web page file inside the server.

Exam Tip: Clearly separate the directory path (/pr/) and the file name (master.htm).

Question 4. What do you mean by Web Browser, and Web Server?
Answer: A Web Browser is a client-side software application used to access and display web pages on the internet. A Web Server is a server-side software or hardware system that stores web content and serves it to web browsers upon request.
In simple words: A browser requests web pages, and a server delivers them.

Exam Tip: Contrast them using the client-server relationship.

Question 5. Which protocol is used to upload/ transfer the file from host to server Internet?
Answer: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is primarily used to upload and transfer files from a host to a server on the internet.
In simple words: FTP is the standard protocol for moving files over a network.

Exam Tip: Remember FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol.

Question 6. What is WWW? How does it function?
Answer: WWW stands for World Wide Web, which is a global system of interconnected hypertext documents accessed via the internet. It functions on a client-server architecture where web browsers (clients) request documents from web servers using HTTP, and servers respond by transmitting the requested web pages containing text, images, and multimedia.
In simple words: WWW is a collection of web pages linked together that you can view using a browser and internet connection.

Exam Tip: Include WWW definition, client-server model, and HTTP protocol in your answer.

Question 7. A web browser & web server are an application of client/server computing concept. Comment on this statement?
Answer: This statement is entirely correct because client/server computing involves two distinct parts: a requester (client) and a provider (server). In web architecture, the web browser acts as the client that initiates requests for web pages, while the web server acts as the service provider that processes those requests and delivers the requested content back to the browser.
In simple words: The browser asks for data (client) and the server provides it (server), which is the exact definition of client-server computing.

Question 8. What is URL? What are its components?
Answer: URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, which is the address of a unique resource on the internet. Its main components are:
1. Protocol (e.g., http:// or https://)
2. Domain Name / Hostname (e.g., www.mycorp.com)
3. Path / File Name (e.g., /pr/master.htm)
In simple words: A URL is a web address made up of a protocol, domain name, and file path.

Exam Tip: List all three primary components clearly for full marks.

Question 9. What is CGI? How it works in Dynamic web Page service?
Answer: CGI standsfor Common Gateway Interface. It is a standard protocol that allows web servers to execute programs (scripts) and generate dynamic web pages. In dynamic web page service, when a user requests a dynamic page, the web server passes the user's request to a CGI program, which processes the data (often interacting with a database), generates HTML content dynamically, and sends it back through the server to the web browser.
In simple words: CGI helps the web server run external programs to create web pages on the fly based on user input.

Exam Tip: Highlight that CGI acts as a bridge between the web server and application programs.

Question 10. Differentiate between Static and Dynamic Web Service?
Answer: The differences between static and dynamic web services are:
1. Content: Static web pages display the exact same pre-built content to every visitor, whereas dynamic web pages generate content in real-time based on user interaction or database queries.
2. Technology: Static pages are created using HTML and CSS only, while dynamic pages use server-side scripting languages like PHP, Python, or ASP along with databases.
3. Maintenance: Updating content on static websites requires editing individual HTML files, whereas dynamic websites pull content from databases making updates much easier.
In simple words: Static sites show fixed content to everyone, while dynamic sites change content based on who is viewing or what they request.

Exam Tip: Compare them based on content generation, languages used, and update mechanism.

CHAPTER 11

HTML-I : BASIC HTML ELEMENTS

Solved Questions:

Question 1. HTML tags must be written within:
(a) < >
(b) { }
(c) [ ]
(d) ( )
Answer: (a) < >
HTML tags are enclosed within angle brackets, such as <html>.
In simple words: HTML tags always use angle brackets.

Exam Tip: Remember angle brackets < and > delimit all HTML tags.

Question 2. Which of the following is the correct structure of HTML tags?
(a) < HTML > </HTML> <HEAD > </HEAD> <BODY > </BODY>
(b) <HTML> <HEAD> </HEAD> </HTML> <BODY> </BODY>
(c) <HTML> <HEAD> <BODY> </BODY> </HEAD> </HTML>
(d) <HTML> <HEAD> </HEAD> <BODY> </BODY> </HTML>
Answer: (d) <HTML> <HEAD> </HEAD> <BODY> </BODY> </HTML>
The document starts with <html>, contains a <head> section followed by a <body> section, and closes with </html>.
In simple words: Head and Body must be nested inside the HTML tag properly without overlapping.

Exam Tip: Check proper nesting order: head closes before body starts or body is independent inside html alongside head.

Question 3. What is HTML?
Answer: HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is a markup language used to create HTML documents. An HTML document defines a web page.
In simple words: HTML is the standard language used to design web pages.

Exam Tip: Always expand HTML correctly as Hyper Text Markup Language.

Question 4. Define <html> tag
Answer: The <html> tag identifies the document. An HTML document begins with <html> and ends with </html>.
In simple words: The root tag of every webpage is the html tag.

Exam Tip: State that it is the root element of an HTML page.

Question 5. Give two differences between HTML and XML.
Answer: The differences between HTML and XML are:
1. HTML is designed to display data and hence, focused on the 'look' of the data, whereas XML is designed to describe and carry data and hence, focuses on 'what data is'.
2. In HTML tags are predefined, while in XML, tags can be created as per needs.
3. HTML tags are not case sensitive, whereas XML tags are case sensitive.
In simple words: HTML is for displaying data with fixed tags, while XML is for storing data with custom tags.

Exam Tip: Memorize purpose, tag definition, and case sensitivity as key differences.

Unsolved Questions

Question 1. What do you need to do work with HTML?
Answer: To work with HTML, you only need a simple text editor (such as Notepad) to write the code and a web browser (such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Microsoft Edge) to view and test the webpage.
In simple words: You need a text editor to write code and a browser to see the result.

Exam Tip: Mention both text editor and web browser.

Question 2. Write as HTML code line to set the background image as CLOUDS.GIF.
Answer: <body background="CLOUDS.GIF">
In simple words: Use the background attribute inside the body tag.

Exam Tip: Ensure attribute values are enclosed in quotation marks.

Question 3. Write an HTML code line to set the BGCOLOR as YELLOW.
Answer: <body bgcolor="YELLOW">
In simple words: Use the bgcolor attribute to change web page background color.

Question 4. Write the HTML codes to set the BGCOLOR as PURPLE and a text "I am in Class X-A" as BLUE.
Answer: <body bgcolor="PURPLE">
<font color="BLUE">I am in Class X-A</font>
</body>
In simple words: Set body background to purple and wrap the text in a font tag with blue color.

Exam Tip: Combine body attributes and font tags correctly.

Question 5. Write the HTML codes to set the BGCOLOR as LIME, header 1 <H1> text "Text Example with size and color" as BLUE, text font size as 30 and color="RED".
Answer: <body bgcolor="LIME">
<h1><font color="BLUE">Text Example with size and color</font></h1>
<font size="30" color="RED">Sample text</font>
</body>
In simple words: Set background to lime, header text color to blue, and regular text font size to 30 with red color.

Exam Tip: Pay attention to nesting tags properly inside body and h1.

Question 6. Write the HTML codes to set the BGCOLOR as NAVY, header 1 <H1> text "Text Example with size color, and font face" as WHITE, text font size as 20, color ”RED” and font face “ARIAL”.
Answer: <body bgcolor="NAVY">
<h1><font color="WHITE">Text Example with size color, and font face</font></h1>
<font size="20" color="RED" face="ARIAL">Sample text</font>
</body>
In simple words: Set navy background, white header text, and custom font attributes (size 20, red color, Arial face) for body text.

Exam Tip: Include size, color, and face attributes inside the font tag.

Question 7. What is the method of using comment line in HTML code?
Answer: Comment lines in HTML are written using the syntax <!-- Comment text here -->. Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed on the web page.
In simple words: Wrap notes in <!-- --> so the browser ignores them.

Exam Tip: Remember the exact syntax: <!-- comment -->.

Question 8. What is the use of <FONT> tag in HTML code? Write any two options used with this tag.
Answer: The <FONT> tag is used to change the font size, color, and typeface of text in an HTML document. Two attributes (options) used with this tag are:
1. COLOR: To change the color of the text.
2. SIZE: To change the size of the text.
In simple words: Font tag styles text, and its attributes include color, size, and face.

Exam Tip: Mention color, size, or face as attributes.

Question 9. Which tag is used to insert heading of third level on a web page?
Answer: The <h3> tag is used to insert a third-level heading on a web page.
In simple words: Use <h3> for heading level 3.

Exam Tip: Heading tags range from <h1> to <h6>.

Question 10. How would you display in the title bar of browser?
Answer: To display text in the title bar of a browser, you use the <TITLE> tag inside the <HEAD> section of the HTML document. Example: <head><title>My Web Page</title></head>
In simple words: Put the title tag inside the head section.

Exam Tip: Always place <title> inside <head>.

Question 11. How <BR> tag is different from <P> tag?
Answer: The <BR> tag is an empty tag used to insert a single line break without adding extra vertical space, whereas the <P> tag creates a new paragraph and automatically adds blank space before and after the paragraph block.
In simple words: BR just moves to the next line, while P creates a new paragraph with spacing.

Exam Tip: Highlight that <BR> is a line break and <P> is a paragraph block with margin spacing.

Question 12. What is the purpose of using the tag <H1>…<H6>?
Answer: The tags <H1> to <H6> are used to define headings in HTML documents. <H1> is the largest and most important heading, while <H6> is the smallest heading.
In simple words: These tags create headings of different sizes from largest (H1) to smallest (H6).

Exam Tip: Note that H1 is the largest and H6 is the smallest.

Question 13. How can the font size of a single line on a web page be changed?
Answer: The font size of a single line can be changed by enclosing that line within the <font size="value"> and </font> tags.
In simple words: Wrap the specific line in a font tag with the size attribute.

Question 14. What will be displayed on the web page for the following web page?
<I Atomic weight of> /I> O <sub> 2 <br>
Answer: Due to the syntax error in the source code (unmatched tags like missing opening <i> and misplaced /I>), the browser will render literal text or malformed markup such as: Atomic weight of> /I> O₂
In simple words: Incorrect HTML tags lead to messy or literal text display on the browser.

Exam Tip: Always look out for typos and unmatched tags in snippet evaluation questions.

Question 15. What is the use of <BODY> tag in HTML code? Write any two attributes used with this tag.
Answer: The <BODY> tag defines the main content area of an HTML document, containing all the text, images, links, and multimedia visible to users. Two attributes used with this tag are:
1. BGCOLOR: Sets the background color of the page.
2. BACKGROUND: Sets an image as the background of the page.
In simple words: Body tag holds everything shown on the page, and attributes like bgcolor change its color or background.

Exam Tip: Remember body contains visible elements and attributes like bgcolor and background style it.

Question 16. Which tag do we use to change the size and style (face) of the text of an HTML file viewed on a web browser? Also explain any two attributes used with this tag.
Answer: We use the <FONT> tag to change the size and style of text. Two attributes used with it are:
1. SIZE: Specifies the font size (using numbers or relative sizing).
2. FACE: Specifies the typeface or font family name (e.g., Arial, Times New Roman).
In simple words: Font tag styles text using size and face attributes.

Exam Tip: Clearly define size and face attributes of the font tag.

Question 17. Distinguish between <SUP> and <SUB> tags with example.
Answer: The <SUP> tag displays text as superscript (raised above the normal baseline, e.g., X²), whereas the <SUB> tag displays text as subscript (lowered below the normal baseline, e.g., H₂O).
Example:
Superscript: ² displays as ²
Subscript: ₂ displays as ₂
In simple words: SUP puts text slightly above (like squared numbers), and SUB puts text slightly below (like chemical formulas).

Exam Tip: Give mathematical or chemical examples like X² or H₂O for clarity.