CBSE Class 12 Biology Strategies For Enhancement In Food Production Concept Map

This Class 12 Biology concept map on strategies for enhancement in food production covers Chapter 9 of the CBSE syllabus. It explains animal breeding, plant breeding, single cell protein (SCP) and tissue culture, with their methods, objectives and examples such as Spirulina, Methylophilus methylotrophus, micropropagation and somatic hybridisation.

CHAPTER 9: STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCEMENT IN FOOD PRODUCTION (CONCEPT MAP)

ENHANCEMENT OF FOOD PRODUCTION

The concept map shows four main strategies for enhancing food production: (1) Animal Breeding, (2) Plant Breeding, (3) Single Cell Protein (SCP) and (4) Tissue Culture.

1. ANIMAL BREEDING

Methods:
(see Plant Breeding below for the stepwise methods)

Objectives:
1. Increasing the yield
2. Improving the qualities of the produce

Methods (Inbreeding and Outbreeding):

Inbreeding:
Causes: Inbreeding depression

Outbreeding:
Three types:
1. Outcrossing
2. Cross breeding
3. Interspecific hybridisation

Animal Breeding methods: Inbreeding and Outbreeding.

2. PLANT BREEDING

Methods:
1. Collection of germplasm
2. Evaluation of parents
3. Cross hybridisation
4. Selection and testing of recombinants
5. Testing, release and commercialisation of new cultivar

Objectives:
1. For disease resistance (Mutation breeding)
2. For resistance to insect pests
3. For biofortification

3. SINGLE CELL PROTEIN (SCP)

Single cell protein is obtained from microorganisms grown on a large scale. Two examples shown in the map are:
1. Spirulina
2. Methylophilus methylotrophus

4. TISSUE CULTURE

Tissue culture is the growing of plant cells, tissues or organs on a nutrient medium. The methods shown in the map are:
1. Micropropagation
2. Somaclonal culture
3. Meristem culture
4. Somatic hybridisation