Class 12 Biology Study Guide: CBSE Class 12 Biology Bio Technology and Its Application Key Points
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BIO TECHNOLOGY & ITS APPLICATION
CHAPTER : 12 BIOTECHNOLOGY & ITS APPLICATION (KEY POINTS)
Answer:
| S.N | Term | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Green Revolution | The increased production of food production by use of improved varieties of crops, better agricultural practices and use of Agrochemicals |
| 2 | GMO | Genetically Modified Organisms - organisms in which the genes are manipulated or foreign gene introduced into |
| 3 | Bt | Bacillus thuringiensis, a bacteria producing an insecticidal protein. |
| 4 | Bt Cotton | Cotton plant with Bt gene thereby made resistant to Bollworm insects |
| 5 | Insecticidal protein | Protein toxin that kills insect pests |
| 6 | cry gene | Gene coding for insecticidal toxin |
| 7 | RNA interference | Process which interferes with the translation of mRNA of the parasite in the host plant/cell |
| 8 | ds RNA | Double stranded RNA formed to prevent the translation of the mRNA of the parasite DNA in the host cell |
| 9 | C peptide | The peptide which is part of the Pro-insulin and removed before maturation of Insulin |
| 10 | Transgenic animals | Animals with manipulated genes or a foreign gene that can be expressed are called as transgenic animals |
| 11 | GEAC | Genetic Engineering Approval Committee - checks the validity and safety of GM research and GM organisms |
| 12 | Biopiracy | Unauthorised use of Bioresources of one Nation by another without proper compensation being given |
| 13 | Gene therapy | The procedure by which a genetic disorder is treated by introduction of a functional gene in the body through cultured cells carrying the functional gene in children or embryo. |
| 14 | ADA | Adenosine Deaminase - an enzyme required for the functioning of the immune system. |
Teacher's Note:
a) Core concepts of biotechnology and its application are summarized clearly.
b) Students must remember exact terminologies like cry gene, GEAC, and ADA.
c) These definitions are frequently asked as direct 1-mark questions in board exams.
d) Check spelling variations from the original text such as Bacillus thuringiensis.
15. c DNA [1 Mark]
Answer:
1. DNA which is made complementary to the mRNA.
2. Synthesized using the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
Teacher's Note:
a) Essential concept in molecular biology and gene cloning.
b) Lacks introns found in genomic DNA.
16. alpha-1-antitrypsin [1 Mark]
Answer:
1. Human protein made from transgenic animals.
2. Used in the treatment of Emphysema.
Teacher's Note:
a) Example of a biological product obtained from transgenic livestock.
b) Helps in managing a chronic lung condition.
17. ELISA [1 Mark]
Answer:
1. Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay.
2. A test based on detection of antibody produced against the pathogen using specific antigen-antibody reaction, used for diagnosis of diseases like AIDS.
Teacher's Note:
a) Works on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction.
b) Widely used diagnostic tool in immunology and medical screening.
18. Agrobacterium vectors [1 Mark]
Answer:
1. The bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
2. Used in transferring rDNA to plant cells as it has the natural ability to transfer genes to plant cells.
Teacher's Note:
a) Commonly known as a natural genetic engineer of plants.
b) Used extensively in plant biotechnology for genetic transformation.
19. Indian Patents Bill [1 Mark]
Answer:
1. A Bill passed by the Indian Parliament.
2. Takes issues such as terms for patent, research and development initiatives, etc.
Teacher's Note:
a) Addresses intellectual property rights and biopiracy concerns.
b) Protects indigenous innovations and research developments.
20. Meloidogyne incognitia [1 Mark]
Answer:
1. The nematode that affects roots of tobacco plants and reduces their yield.
2. RNA interference is used against the nematode to protect tobacco plants.
Teacher's Note:
a) Parasitic nematode infecting crop roots.
b) Controlled by silencing specific mRNA using RNA interference technology.
21. cryIAb [1 Mark]
Answer:
1. Gene coding for protein that controls corn borer.
Teacher's Note:
a) Derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis.
b) Confers insect resistance to transgenic crop plants.
22. cryIAc and cryIIAb [1 Mark]
Answer:
1. Genes coding for protein that controls bollworm insects.
Teacher's Note:
a) Expresses crystal proteins toxic to specific lepidopteran pests.
b) Utilized in developing pest-resistant cotton varieties.
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Useful Resources and Notes for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and Its Application
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FAQs
Our advanced study package for Chapter 10 Biotechnology and Its Application includes detailed concepts, diagrams, Mind Maps, and explanation of complex topics to ensure Class 12 students learn as per syllabus for 2026 exams.
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