CBSE Class 12 Biology Evolution MCQs Set 01

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for Class 12 Biology: Chapter 06 Evolution

Access targeted multiple-choice questions for Chapter 06 Evolution designed to align with the latest CBSE academic syllabus for Class 12 Biology. These objective practice sets help students evaluate their conceptual understanding and improve exam readiness.

Practice Chapter 06 Evolution MCQs for Class 12 Biology

Access the complete set of multiple-choice questions for Chapter 06 Evolution below. This focused format allows students to isolate specific topics for thorough review and uninterrupted practice alongside official CBSE textbooks.

Question: Stanley L. Miller conducted experiments before 1953 on prebiotic earth environment using special apparatus. The primary surprising products were

a) amino acids
b) peptides
c) nucleotides 
d) simple sugars

Answer : A 


Question: Who proposed that the first form of life come from preexisting non- living molecules?

a) Oparin and Haldane
b) de Vries and Haldane
c) Darwin and Lamarck
d) Louis Pasteur and Miller

Answer : A 


Question: How is extinction represented in a family tree diagram?

a) When a branch splits.
b) When a branch ends.
c) When a branch shifts along x - axis.
d) When a branch shifts along y - axis.

Answer : B 


Question: Analogous organs are

a) different in origin but perform similar functions.
b) common in origin and perform common functions.
c) common in origin but perform different functions.
d) different in origin and perform different functions.

Answer : A 


Question: Homologous organs show

a) divergent evolution.
b) convergent evolution.
c) parallel evolution.
d) both b) and c).

Answer : A

 

Question: What is common amongst whale, seal and shark?

a) Homoiothermy
b) Seasonal migration
c) Thick subcutaneous fat
d) Convergent evolution

Answer : D 


Question: Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita are examples of

a) retrogressive evolution.
b) analogous organs.
c) homologous organs.
d) vestigial organs.

Answer : C


Question: Industrial melanism is an example of

a) drug resistance.
b) darkening of skin due to smoke from industries.
c) protective resemblance with the surroundings.
d) defensive adaptation of skin against ultraviolet radiations.

Answer : C 


Question: Darwin’s finches are a good example of

a) convergent evolution
b) industrial melanism
c) connecting link
d) adaptive radiation

Answer : D 


Question: Adaptive radiation refers to

a) power of adaptation in an individual to a variety of environments.
b) adaptations due to Geographical isolation.
c) evolution of different species from a common ancestor.
d) migration of members of a species to different geographical areas.

Answer : C 

 

Question: Which of the following is used as an atmospheric pollution indicator?

a) Lichens

b) Lepidoptera

c) Lycopersicon

d) Lycopodium

Answer :  A

 

Question: The theory of spontaneous generation stated that

a) life can arise from non-living things only

b) life arises spontaneously, neither from living nor from the non-living.

c) life can arise from both living and non-living

d) life arose from living forms only

Answer : A

 

Question: Animal husbandry and plant breeding programmes are the examples of

a) artificial selection

b) reverse evolution

c) mutation

d) natural selection

Answer :  A

 

Question: Palaentological evidences for evolution refer to the

a) fossils

b) homologous organs

c) development of embryo

d) analogous organs

Answer :  A

 

Question: The bones of forelimbs of whale, bat, cheetah and man are similar in structure, because

a) they share a common ancestor

b) one organism has given rise to another

c) they perform the same function

d) the have biochemical similarities

Answer :  A

 

Question: Analogous organs arise due to

a) convergent evolution

b) genetic drift

c) artificial selection

d) divergent evolution

Answer :  A

 

Question: Appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is an example of

a) pre-existing variation in the population

b) divergent evolution

c) transduction

d) adaptive radiation

Answer :  A

 

Question: The force that initiates evolution is

a) Variation

b) Mutation

c) Extinction

d) Adaptation

Answer :  A

 

Question: ___________ is a vestigial organ

a) Vermiform appendix

b) None of the above

c) Papillae

d)  Intestinal villi

Answer :  A

 

Question: Evolution of life shows that life forms had a trend of moving from:

a) water to land

b) fresh water to sea water

c) dryland to wet land

d) land to water

Answer :  A

 

Question: Viviparity is considered to be more evolved because

a) the young ones are protected inside the mother's body and are looked after they are born leading to more chances of survival

b) the embryo takes a long time to develop

c) the young ones are protected by a thick shell

d) the young ones are left on their own

Answer :  A

 

Question: Fossils are generally found in

a) Sedimentary rocks

b) Igneous rocks

c) Metamorphic rocks

d) Any type of rock

Answer :  A

 

Question: For the MN-blood group system, the frequencies of M and N alleles are 0.7 and 0.3, respectively. The expected frequency of MN-blood group bearing organisms is likely to be

a) 42%

b) 49%

c) 9%

d) 58%

Answer :  A

 

Question: Which type of selection is industrial melanism observed in moth, Biston bitularia:

a) Directional

b) Stabilising

c) Disruptive

d) Artificial

Answer :  A

 

Question: The most accepted line of descent in human evolution is:

a) Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Homo sapiens

b) Australopithecus → Ramapithecus → Homo erectus →Homo habilis → Homo sapiens

c) Homo erectus → Homo habilis → Homo sapiens

d) Australopithecus → Ramapithecus → Homo sapiens → homo habilis

Answer :  A

 

Question: Which of the following is an example for link species?

a) Lobe fish

b) Dodo bird

c) Sea weed

d) Tyrannosaurus rex

Answer :  A

 

Question: The earliest geological time period among the following is

a) Cambrian

b) Permian

c) Jurassic

d) Quaternary

Answer :  A

 

Question: The experiment that simulated conditions thought to be present on the early earth

a) Miller–Urey experiment

b) Schiehallion experimen

c) Geiger–Marsden experiment

d) Hershey–Chase experiment

Answer :  A

 

Question: Example of a homologous organ

a) The arm of a human, wing of a bird

b) Wing of an insect, wing of a bird

c) Wing of an insect, wing of a bird

d) None of the above

Answer :  A

 

Question: “Continuity of germplasm” theory was given by 
a) deVries 
b) Weismann
c) Darwin
d) Lamarck
Answer: B
 
Question: Evolution is 
a) progressive development of a race
b) history and development of race alongwith ariations
c) history of race
d) development of race
Answer: B
 
Question: Theory of inheritance of acquired characters was given by 
a) Wallace 
b) Lamarck
c) Darwin
d) deVries
Answer: B
 
Question: ‘Origin of species’ was written by 
a) Oparin
b) Weismann
c) Lamarck 
d) Darwin
Answer: D
 
Question: Parallelism is 
a) adaptive divergence
b) adaptive divergence of widely separated species
c) adaptive convergence of widely different species
d) adaptive convergence of closely related groups
Answer: D
 
Question: Which was absent in the atmosphere at the time of origin of life? 
a) NH3 
b) H2
c) O2 
d) CH
Answer: C
 
Question: The first organisms were 
a) chemoautotrophs
b) chemoheterotrophs
c) autotrophs
d) eukaryotes
Answer: B
 
Question: Weismann cut off tails of mice generation after generation but tails neither disappeared nor shortened showing that 
a) Darwin was correct
b) tail is an essential organ
c) mutation theory is wrong
d) Lamarckism was wrong in inheritance of acquired characters
Answer: D
 
Question: Genetic drift is change of 
a) gene frequency in same generation
b) appearance of recessive genes
c) gene frequency from one generation to next
d) None of the above
Answer: A
 
Question: Theory of natural selection dwells on 
a) role of environment in evolution
b) natural selection acting on favourable variations
c) changes in gene complex resulting in heritable variations
d) None of the above
Answer: B
 
Question: Which one does not favour Lamarckian concept of inheritance of acquired characters?
a) Lack of pigment in cave dwellers
b) Absence of limbs in snakes
c) Presence of webbed toes in aquatic birds
d) Melanization of peppered moth in industrial areas
Answer: D
 
Question: Frequency of a character increases when it is 
a) recessive
b) dominant
c) inheritable 
d) adaptable
Answer: D
 
Question: Which one is irrelevant to evolution of man? 
a) Perfection of hand for tool making
b) Change of diet from hard nuts/roots to soft food
c) Increased ability to communicate or develop community behaviour
d) Loss of tail
Answer: D
 
Question: Extremities, tail and ear are relatively shorter in animals living in cooler regions as compared to those inhabiting warmer zones. This is
a) Bergman’s rule
b) Jordan’s rule
c) Gloger’s rule 
d) Allen’s rule
Answer: D
 
Question: Identify the correct sequence in which the following substances have appeared during the course of evolution of life on earth 
a) glucose, amino acids, nucleic acids, proteins
b) ammonia, amino adds, proteins, nucleic acids
c) water, amino acids, nucleic acids, enzymes
d) amino acids, ammonia, phosphates, nucleic acids
Answer: B
 
Question: In general, in the developmental history of a mammalian heart, it is observed that it passes through a two-chambered fish-like heart, three-chambered frog-like heart and finally to four-chambered stage. To which hypothesis can this above cited statement be hypothesis can this above cited statement be approximated? 
a) Hardy-Weinberg law
b) Lamarck’s principle
c) Biogenetic law
d) Mendelian principles
Answer: C
 
Question: Genetic drift operates only in 
a) smaller populations
b) larger populations
c) Mendelian populations
d) island populations
Answer: A
 
Question: Darwin’s theory of pangenesis shows similarity with theory of inheritance of acquired characters then what will be correct according to it? 
a) Useful organs become strong and developed while useless organs become extinct. These organs help in struggle for survival
b) Size of organs increase with ageing
c) Development of organs is due to will power
d) There should become physical basis of inheritance
Answer: D
 
Question: Similarities in organisms with different genotype indicates 
a) micro-evolution
b) macro-evolution
c) convergent evolution
d) divergent evolution
Answer: C
 
Question: In which condition the gene ratio remains constant for any species? 
a) Sexual selection
b) Random mating
c) Mutation
d) Gene flow
Answer: B
 
Question: Sequence of which of the following is used to know the phylogeny? 
a) mRNA 
b) rRNA
c) tRNA
d) DNA
Answer: B
 
Question: Genetic drift operates in 
a) small isolated population
b) large isolated population
c) fast reproductive population
d) slow reproductive population
Answer: A
 
Question: In a random mating population in equilibrium, which of the following brings about a change in gene frequency in a non-directional manner? 
a) Migration 
b) Mutation
c) Random drift
d) Selection
Answer: B
 
Question: Darwin in his ‘Natural Selection Theory’ did not believe in any role of which one of the following in organic evolution? 
a) Discontinuous variations
b) Parasites and predators as natural enemies
c) Survival of the fittest
d) Struggle for existence
Answer: A
 
Question: Random genetic drift in a population probably results from 
a) large population size
b) highly genetically variable individuals
c) interbreeding within this population
d) constant low mutation rate
Answer: B
 

Question : The Finches of Galapogas islands provide an evidence in favour of

a) biogeographical evolution
b) special creation
c) evolution due to mutation
d) retrogressive evolution EBD_7209 Evolution 253

Answer : A 


Question : The term ‘Survival of Fittest’ was used by

a) Charles Darwin
b) Herbert Spencer
c) Jean Baptiste   
d) Hugo de Vries

Answer : B 


Question : Tasmanian Wolf is a marsupial while Wolf is a placental mammal. This shows

a) convergent evolution
b) divergent evolution
c) inheritance of acquired characters
d) None of these

Answer : A


Question :   Darwin was most influenced by

a) Lamarck’s theory of acquired characters.
b) Weismann’s theory of germplasm.
c) Wallace’s theory of origin of species.
d) Essay on Population by Malthus.

Answer : D


Question : Single step large mutation leading to speciation is also called

a) Founder effect      
b) saltation
c) branching descent
d) natural selection

Answer : B


Question : A population is in Hardy- weinberg equilibrium for a gene with only two alleles. If the gene frequency of an allele A is 0.7, the genotype frequency of Aa is

a) 0.21
b) 0.42
c) 0.36 
d) 0.7

Answer : B


Question : If the frequency of dominant allele is 60%, find out the percentage of heterozygous individuals in the population.

a) 48%
b) 50%
c) 47%
d) 45%

Answer : A


Question :  Random genetic drift in a population probably results from 

a) highly genetically variable individuals.
b) interbreeding within the population.
c) constant low mutation rate.
d) large population size.

Answer : A


Question :  Natural selection can lead to

a) stabilization
b) directional change
c) disruption   
d) all of these

Answer : D

 

Question :  The first mammals were like

a) chimpanzee
b) gorilla
c) shrews       
d) reptiles

Answer : C

 

Question :  In 1953 S. L. Miller created primitive earth conditions in the laboratory and gave experimental evidence for origin of first form of life from preexisting non-living organic molecules. The primitive earth conditions created include: 

a) high temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere containing CH4, NH3 etc

b) high temperature, volcanic storms, non-reducing atmosphere

c) low temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere

d) low temperature, volcanic storms, atmosphere rich in oxygen

Answer :  high temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere containing CH4, NH3 etc

 

Question :  Variations during mutations of meiotic recombinations are

a) random and directionless

b) random and directional

c) random and small

d) random, small and directional

Answer :  random and directionless

 

Question :  Artificial selection to obtain cows yielding higher milk output represents

a) Artificial selection to obtain cows yielding higher milk output represents

b) Disruptive as it splits the population into two one yielding higher output and the other lower output

c) Stabilizing followed by disruptive as it stabilizes the population to produce higher yielding cows

d) Stabilizing selection as it stabilizes this character in the population

Answer :  Artificial selection to obtain cows yielding higher milk output represents

 

Question :  The principle of competitive exclusion was stated by

a) G.F. Gause

b) C. Darwin

c) Verhulst and Pearl

d) Mac Arthur

Answer :  G.F. Gause

 

Question :  The chronological order of human evolution from early to the recent is

a) Ramapithecus → Australopithecu s →Homo habilis → Homo erectus

b) Australopithecus → Homo habilis → Ramapithecus → Homo erectus

c) Australopithecus → Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus

d) All of these

Answer :  Ramapithecus → Australopithecus →Homo habilis → Homo erectus

 

Question :  In Hardy-Weinberg equation, the frequency of heterozygous individual is represented by

a) 2pq

b) pq

c) Both

d) None of these

Answer :  2pq

 

Question :  Analogous structures are a result of

a) Convergent evolution

b) Convergent evolution

c) Shared ancestry

d) Stabilizing selection

Answer :  Convergent evolution

 

Question :  A population will not exist in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium if

a) individuals mate selectively

b) there are no mutations

c) there are no mutations

d) All of these

Answer :  individuals mate selectively

 

Question :  Which of the following characteristics is mainly responsible for diversification of insects on land?

a) Exoskeleton

b) Bilateral symmetry

c) Segmentation

d) Eyes

Answer :  Exoskeleton

 

Question :  Basic principles of embryonic development were pronounced by 
a) von Baer b) Weismann
c) Haeckel d) Morgan
 
Question :  Correct order is 
a) Palaeozoic —>Archaeozoic —>Coenozoic
b) Archaeozoic —> Palaeozoic —> Proterozoic
c) Palaeozoic —> Mesozoic —> Coenozoic
d) Mesozoic —> Archaeozoic —> Proterozoic
 
 
Question : Evolutionary convergence is development of
a) common set of characters in group of different ancestry
b) dissimilar characters in closely related groups
c) common set of characters in closely related groups
d) random mating
 
Question : Homologous organs are 
 
a) wings of insects and bat
b) gills of fish and lungs of rabbit
c) pectoral fins of fish and fore limbs of horse
d) wings of grasshopper and crow
 
Question : The earliest fossil form in the phylogeny of horse is 
a) Merychippus b) Mesohippus
c) Eohippus d) Equus
 
Question : Two geographical regions separated by high mountains are 
a) Oriental and Australian
b) Palaearctic and Oriental
c) Nearctic and Palaearctic
d) Neotropical and Ethiopian
 
Question : ‘Golden age of dinosaurs’/Age of reptiles was 
a) Mesozoic b) Coenozoicc
c) Palaeozoic d) Psychozoic
 
Question : The presence of gill slits, in the embryos of all vertebrates, supports the theory of 
a) biogenesis b) recapitulation
c) metamorphosis d) organic evolution
 
Question : One of the following is a link between plants and animals 
a) Euglena b) Bacteria
c) Paramecium d) Trichonympha
 
Question : The homologous organs are those that show similarity in 
a) size b) origin
c) function d) appearance
 
Question : Which one of the following sets includes only the vestigial structures in man? 
a) Body hair, olecranon process, coccyx, patella
b) Wisdom teeth, mammary glands, coccyx, patella
c) Coccyx, nictitating membrane, vermiform appendix, ear muscles
d) Coccyx, body hair, ear ossicles, vermiform appendix
 
Question : Which one of the following pair has homologous organs? 
a) Pectoral fins of a fish and forelimbs of a horse
b) Wings of a bat and wings of cockroach
c) Air sac of fish and lungs of frog
d) Wings of a bird and wings of a butterfly
 
Question : Darwin’s finches provide an excellent evidence in favour of evolution. This evidence comes from the field of 
a) Biogeography b) Anatomy
c) Embryology d) Palaeontology
 
Question : Which is not a vestigial part in humans?
a) Segmental muscles of abdomen 
b) Fingernails
c) Third molar
d) Coccyx
 
Question : Occurrence of endemic species in South-America and Australia is due to 
a) these species have been extinct from other regions
b) continental separation
c) there is no terrestrial route to these places
d) retrogressive evolution
 
Question : Half-life period of C14 is about 
a) 500 yr b) 5730 yr
c) 50 yr d) 5 × l04 yr
 
Question : According to fossils discovered up to present time origin and evolution of man was started from 
a) France b) Java
c) Africa d) China
 
Question : Which of the following is homologous organ? 
a) Wings of birds and locust
b) Wings of birds (sparrow) and pectoral fins of fish
c) Wings of bat and butterfly
d) Legs of frog and cockroach
 
Question : In which era reptiles were dominant? 
a) Coenozoic era b) Mesozoic era
c) Palaeozoic era d) Archaeozoic era
 
Question : Convergent evolution is illustrated by
a) dogfish and whale 
b) rat and dog
c) bacterium and protozoan
d) starfish and cuttle fish 
 
Question : In recent years, DNA sequences (nucleotide sequence) of mtDNA and Y-chromosomes were considered for the study of human evolution, because 
a) they can be studied from the samples of fossil remains
b) they are small and, therefore, easy to study
c) they are uniparental in origin and do not take part in recombination
d) their structure is known in greater detail
 
Question : Which one of the following describes correctly the homologous structures? 
a) Organs appearing only in embryonic stage and disappearing later in the adult
b) Organs with anatomical similarities, but performing different functions
c) Organs with anatomical dissimilarities, but performing same functions
d) Organs that have no function now, but had an important function in ancestors
 
Question : What kind of evidence suggested that man is more closely related with chimpanzee than with other hominoid apes? 
a) Evidence from DNA from sex chromosomes only
b) Comparison of chromosomes morphology only
c) Evidence from fossil remains and the fossil mitochondrial DNA alone
d) Evidence from DNA extracted from sex chromosomes, autosomes and mitochondria
 
Question : Age of fossils in the past was generally determined by radio-carbon method and other method involving radioactive elements found in the rocks . More precise methods, which were used recently and led to the revision of the evolutionary periods for different groups of organisms, include 
a) study of carbohydrates/proteins in fossils
b) study of the condition of fossilization
c) Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and fossil DNA
d) study of carbohydrates/proteins in rocks
 
Question : Presence of gills in the tadpole of frog indicates diat 
a) fishes were amphibious in the past
b) fishes evolved from frog-like ancestors
c) frogs will have gills in future
d) frogs evolved from gilled ancestors
 
Question : Which of the following is the relatively most accurate method for dating of fossils?
a) Radio-carbon method 
b) Potassium-argon method
c) Electron-spin resonance method
d) Uranium-lead method
 
Question : An important evidence in favour of organic evolution is the occurrence of
a) analogous and vestigial organs
b) homologous organs only
c) homologous and analogous organs
d) homologous and vestigial organs
 
Question : Evolutionary history of an organism is known as 
a) Ancestry b) Palaeontology
c) Ontogeny d) Phylogeny
 
Question : One of the important consequences of geographical isolation is 
a) no change in the isolated fauna
b) preventing speciation
c) speciation through reproductive isolation
d) random creation of new species
 
Question : Which one of the following statements is correct ? 
a) Stem cells are specialized cells
b) There is no evidence of the existence of gills during embryogenesis of mammals
c) All plant and animal cells are totipotent
d) Ontogeny repeats phylogeny 
 
Question : Which one of the following is regarded as the direct ancestor of modern man? 
a) Homo erectus b) Ramapithecus
c) Homo habilis d) Cro-magnon man
 
Question : Which one of the following statements about fossil human species is correct ? 
a) Fossils of Homo neanderthalensis have been found recently in South America
b) Neanderthal man and Cro-magnon man did exist for sometime together
c) Australopithecus fossils have been found in Australia
d) Homo erectus was preceded by Homo habilis
 
Question : Common origin of man and chimpanzee is best shown by 
a) banding pattern in chromosomes number 3 and 6
b) cranial capacity
c) binocular vision
d) dental formula
 
Question : Which one of the following statements is correct?
a) Cro-magnon man’s fossil has been found in Ethiopia
b) Homo erectus is the ancestor of man
c) Neanderthal man is the direct ancestor of Homo sapiens
d) Australopithecus is the real ancestor of modern man
 
Question : The age of the fossil of Dryopithecus on the geological time scale is 
a) 5×106 yr back b) 25×106 yr back
c) 50×106 yr back d) 75×106 yr back
 
Question : Which of the following primate is the closest relative of humans? 
a) Rhesus monkey b) Orangutan
c) Gorilla d) Gibbon
 
Question : Homo sapiens evolved during 
a) Pleistocene b) Oligocene
c) Pliocene d) Miocene
 
Question : Which one of the following features is closely related with the evolution of humans? 
a) Loss of tail b) Shortening of jaws
c) Binocular vision d) Flat nails
 
Question : Which of the following is closest relative of man? 
a) Chimpanzee b) Gorilla
c) Orangutan d) Gibbon
 
Question : Which of the following is correct order of evolutionary history of man? 
a) Peking man, Homo sapiens, Neanderthal, Cro-magnon
b) Peking man, Neanderthal, Homo sapiens, Cro-magnon
c) Peking man, Heidelberg man, Neanderthal, Cro-magnon
d) Peking man, Neanderthal, Homo sapiens, Heidelberg man
 
Question : There are two opposing views about origin of modern man. According to one view Homo erectus in Asia were the ancestors of modern man. A study of variation of DNA however, suggested African origin of modern man. What kind of observation on DNA variation could suggest this? 
a) Greater variation in Asia than in Africa
b) Greater variation in Africa than in Asia
c) Similar variation in Africa and Asia
d) Variation only in Asia and no variation in Africa
 
Question : Jurassic period of the Mesozoic era is characterized by 
a) radiation of reptiles and origin of mammal- like reptiles
b) dinosaurs become extinct and angiosperms appear
c) flowering plants and first dinosaurs appear
d) gymnosperms are dominant plants and first birds appear
 
Question : Among the human ancestors the brain size was more than 1000 cc in 
a) Homo neanderthalensis
b) Homo erectus
c) Ramapithecus
d) Homo habilis
 
Question : The most apparent change during the evolutionary history of Homo sapiens is traced in
a) Walking upright 
b) Shortening of jaws
c) Remarkable increase in the brain size
d) Loss of body hair
 
Question : What was the most significant trend in the evolution of modern man (Homo sapiens) from his ancestors? 
a) Upright posture
b) Shortening of jaws
c) Binocular vision
d) Increasing brain capacity
 
Question : The extinct human who lived 1,00,000 to 40,000 years ago, in Europe, Asia and parts of Africa, with short stature, heavy eye brows, retreating for heads, large jaws with heavy teeth, stocky bodies a lumbering gait and stooped posture was 
a) Cro-magnon humans
b) Rampithecus
c) Homo habilis
d) Neanderthal human
 
Question : What was the most significant trend in the evolution of modern man (Homo sapiens) from his ancestors? 
a) Increasing cranial capacity
b) Upright posture
c) Shortening of jaws
d) Binocular vision
 
Question : Which of the following had the smallest brain capacity ? 
a) Homo sapiens
b) Homo neanderthalensis
c) Homo habilis
d) Homo erectus
 

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