Practice MCQs for Class 12 Physics Chapter 05 Magnetism and Matter
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Multiple Choice Questions
(a) has only a N pole or only a S pole
(b) loses its magnetism completely
(c) is a complete magnet with both a N and a S pole
(d) becomes a magnetic monopole
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) is a complete magnet with both a N and a S pole
Explanation:
1. Magnetic poles always occur in pairs; an isolated pole has never been observed.
2. When the magnet is cut, new poles appear at the cut faces, so each piece is a complete magnet with N and S poles.
Teacher's Note:
1. However many times you cut a magnet, you only get smaller magnets.
2. This is the everyday evidence that magnetic monopoles do not exist.
(a) They form continuous closed loops.
(b) They start at the N pole and end at the S pole.
(c) Two field lines never intersect.
(d) Their crowding indicates a stronger field.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) They start at the N pole and end at the S pole.
Explanation:
1. Outside a magnet the lines go from N to S, but inside the magnet they continue from S to N, so they have no start or end.
2. Statement (b) is therefore not correct; the other three are true.
Teacher's Note:
1. Starting and ending points belong to electric field lines, not magnetic ones.
2. Always draw the lines inside the magnet too, from S to N.
(a) from the S pole to the N pole
(b) from the N pole to the S pole
(c) perpendicular to the length of the magnet
(d) nowhere, as there is no field inside
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) from the S pole to the N pole
Explanation:
1. Field lines form closed loops: N to S outside the magnet.
2. To close the loop they must go from S to N inside the magnet.
Teacher's Note:
1. The magnetic moment m of the magnet also points from S to N.
2. A small compass inside a long solenoid would point along these lines.
(a) zero
(b) 5.0 × 10−3 Wb
(c) 1.25 × 10−3 Wb
(d) 2.5 × 10−3 Wb
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) 2.5 × 10−3 Wb
Explanation:
1. By Gauss's law for magnetism, the net flux through a closed surface is zero.
2. Flux leaving − flux entering = 0, so flux leaving = 2.5 × 10−3 Wb.
Teacher's Note:
1. Every line that enters a closed surface must also leave it.
2. 'Zero' is the net flux, not the outgoing flux.
(a) 8 × 105 A m−1
(b) 7.2 × 10−6 A m−1
(c) 1.25 × 10−6 A m−1
(d) 8 × 104 A m−1
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) 8 × 105 A m−1
Explanation:
1. M = \( \frac{m_{\text{net}}}{V} \) = \( \frac{2.4}{3 \times 10^{-6}} \)
2. M = 8 × 105 A m−1
Teacher's Note:
1. Magnetisation is moment per unit volume, so divide, do not multiply.
2. M has the same unit as H, A m⁻¹.
(a) 1.26 × 10−3 T
(b) 1.0 T
(c) 0.5 T
(d) 2.0 T
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) 1.0 T
Explanation:
1. H = nI = 500 × 2 = 1000 A m−1
2. B = μ0μrH = 4π × 10−7 × 800 × 1000 ≈ 1.0 T
Teacher's Note:
1. 1.26 × 10⁻³ T is the field without the core (μᵣ = 1).
2. The core multiplies the field by μᵣ.
(a) −2 × 10−5, diamagnetic
(b) 1.00002, ferromagnetic
(c) 2 × 10−5, paramagnetic
(d) 2 × 10−5, diamagnetic
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) 2 × 10−5, paramagnetic
Explanation:
1. χ = μr − 1 = 1.00002 − 1 = 2 × 10−5
2. χ is small and positive, so the material is paramagnetic.
Teacher's Note:
1. Small positive χ means paramagnetic; small negative χ means diamagnetic.
2. Do not confuse μᵣ with χ: they differ by exactly 1.
(a) 1.67 × 107 A m−1
(b) 0.6 A m−1
(c) 15 A m−1
(d) 1.5 A m−1
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) 1.5 A m−1
Explanation:
1. M = χH = 3 × 10−4 × 5000
2. M = 1.5 A m−1
Teacher's Note:
1. χ is dimensionless, so M and H have the same unit.
2. The tiny M shows why paramagnetism is weak.
(a) A m−1
(b) T
(c) A m2
(d) Wb
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) A m−1
Explanation:
1. H = nI, i.e. (turns per metre) × (ampere).
2. So the unit is A m−1, the same as that of magnetisation.
Teacher's Note:
1. T is the unit of B, not H.
2. A m² is the unit of magnetic moment.
(a) from the weaker to the stronger part of the field
(b) from the stronger to the weaker part of the field
(c) perpendicular to the field without any preference
(d) nowhere, as it feels no force
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) from the stronger to the weaker part of the field
Explanation:
1. A diamagnetic substance gets a small induced moment opposite to the field, so it is repelled.
2. Hence it moves from the stronger to the weaker part of the field.
Teacher's Note:
1. Paramagnetic and ferromagnetic samples move the opposite way.
2. The effect is weak, so a strong magnet is needed to see it.
(a) 0
(b) +1
(c) −1
(d) very large and positive
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) −1
Explanation:
1. Complete expulsion means B = 0 inside, so μr = 0.
2. χ = μr − 1 = −1: a perfect diamagnet (Meissner effect).
Teacher's Note:
1. χ = −1 is the most negative value possible.
2. The Meissner effect is used in magnetic levitation.
(a) induced moments opposing the field
(b) the absence of atomic magnetic moments
(c) random thermal motion of the atoms
(d) the alignment of atomic moments within domains
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) the alignment of atomic moments within domains
Explanation:
1. In ferromagnets, neighbouring atomic moments line up in the same direction over small regions called domains.
2. In a field, the domains grow and turn along it, giving a very large magnetisation. The answer is the alignment of atomic moments within domains.
Teacher's Note:
1. Option (a) describes diamagnetism.
2. Random thermal motion opposes alignment; it does not cause it.
(a) bismuth
(b) aluminium
(c) iron
(d) oxygen
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) bismuth
Explanation:
1. Fewer lines pass through the sample than through an equal area outside: the lines are pushed out.
2. This is diamagnetic behaviour, and bismuth is diamagnetic. Answer: bismuth.
Teacher's Note:
1. Aluminium and oxygen are paramagnetic; iron is ferromagnetic.
2. Count the lines through the sphere and compare with the same width outside.
Assertion–Reason Questions
Assertion (A): Magnetic field lines always form closed loops.
Reason (R): Isolated magnetic poles do not exist.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. Magnetic field lines have no beginning or end, so they form closed loops. The Assertion is correct.
2. No magnetic monopole has ever been found, so the Reason is correct.
3. Since there are no sources or sinks (poles) for the lines to start or end on, they must close on themselves. The Reason explains the Assertion.
Teacher's Note:
1. Electric field lines start and end on charges, so they do not form loops.
2. Gauss's law for magnetism expresses the same fact.
Assertion (A): The net magnetic flux through any closed surface is zero.
Reason (R): Two magnetic field lines never intersect each other.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. By Gauss's law for magnetism, ∮B·dS = 0. The Assertion is correct.
2. Field lines cannot cross because B has one direction at each point. The Reason is correct.
3. Zero net flux follows from the absence of monopoles, not from the lines not crossing. So the Reason does not explain the Assertion.
Teacher's Note:
1. Both statements are true facts about field lines, but about different ideas.
2. Ask yourself 'does R cause A?' before choosing (a).
Assertion (A): Diamagnetic substances are weakly repelled by a magnet.
Reason (R): Atoms of diamagnetic substances have permanent magnetic moments that align along the applied field.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
1. Diamagnetic substances are weakly repelled. The Assertion is correct.
2. Their atoms have no net permanent moment; the field induces a moment opposite to itself. Alignment along the field would cause attraction. The Reason is false.
Teacher's Note:
1. Permanent moments that align with the field describe paramagnetism.
2. Induced moments opposite to B cause the repulsion.
Assertion (A): The relative permeability of a paramagnetic substance is slightly greater than 1.
Reason (R): The magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic substance is small and positive.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. μr = 1 + χ.
2. For a paramagnetic substance χ is small and positive, so μr is slightly greater than 1.
3. Both statements are correct and the Reason explains the Assertion.
Teacher's Note:
1. For diamagnetic substances μᵣ is slightly less than 1.
2. For ferromagnetic substances μᵣ is much greater than 1.
Assertion (A): A bar magnet placed in a uniform magnetic field experiences a net force.
Reason (R): A bar magnet placed in a uniform magnetic field, with its axis inclined to the field, experiences a torque.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) A is false, but R is true.
Explanation:
1. The forces on the two ends are equal and opposite in a uniform field, so the net force is zero. The Assertion is false.
2. These two forces form a couple, so there is a torque whenever m is not along B. The Reason is true.
Teacher's Note:
1. Zero net force does not mean zero torque.
2. A compass needle near a magnet turns but does not drift towards it in a uniform field.
Assertion (A): The SI unit of magnetisation is A m−1.
Reason (R): Magnetisation is a vector quantity.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
1. M = m/V has unit (A m2)/(m3) = A m−1. The Assertion is correct.
2. M has a direction (that of the net moment), so it is a vector. The Reason is correct.
3. Being a vector has nothing to do with the unit, so the Reason does not explain the Assertion.
Teacher's Note:
1. M and H share the unit A m⁻¹.
2. The unit follows from the definition, moment per unit volume.
Case Based Questions
Case Study 1: In a school laboratory, a student winds 400 turns of insulated copper wire uniformly over a hollow tube 50 cm long and passes a steady current of 1.5 A through it. She then slides a rod made of a special alloy, of magnetic susceptibility 499, completely into the tube so that it fills the space inside the coil. A small compass placed near one end of the rod is strongly deflected. (Take μ0 = 4π × 10−7 T m A−1.)
(a) 600 A m−1
(b) 1200 A m−1
(c) 300 A m−1
(d) 2400 A m−1
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) 1200 A m−1
Explanation:
1. n = \( \frac{400}{0.5} \) = 800 turns per metre
2. H = nI = 800 × 1.5 = 1200 A m−1
Teacher's Note:
1. Turns per metre, not total turns, enters H = nI.
2. H does not depend on the rod inside.
(a) 6.0 × 105 A m−1
(b) 2.4 A m−1
(c) 1.2 × 103 A m−1
(d) 3.0 × 105 A m−1
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) 6.0 × 105 A m−1
Explanation:
1. M = χH = 499 × 1200
2. M = 5.988 × 105 ≈ 6.0 × 105 A m−1
Teacher's Note:
1. A large χ gives a magnetisation far bigger than H.
2. Use χ, not μᵣ, in M = χH.
(a) 1.5 × 10−3 T
(b) 0.38 T
(c) 1.5 T
(d) 0.75 T
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) 0.75 T
Explanation:
1. μr = 1 + χ = 500
2. B = μ0μrH = 4π × 10−7 × 500 × 1200 ≈ 0.75 T
Teacher's Note:
1. The same answer comes from B = μ₀(H + M).
2. Almost all of this field comes from the magnetised rod.
(a) 0.75 T
(b) zero
(c) 1.5 × 10−3 T
(d) 1.5 × 10−6 T
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) 1.5 × 10−3 T
Explanation:
1. Without the rod, B0 = μ0H = 4π × 10−7 × 1200
2. B0 ≈ 1.5 × 10−3 T, which is 500 times smaller.
Teacher's Note:
1. The current still produces a field even without a core.
2. B with the core = μᵣ × B without it.
(a) diamagnetic
(b) paramagnetic
(c) a superconductor
(d) ferromagnetic
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) ferromagnetic
Explanation:
1. χ = 499 is large and positive, so μr ≫ 1.
2. Such a material is ferromagnetic.
Teacher's Note:
1. Para- and diamagnetic χ values are of the order of 10⁻⁵.
2. The strong compass deflection agrees with this.
Case Study 2: A teacher demonstrates magnetic materials using a strong electromagnet with pointed pole pieces, so the field is strongest in the narrow gap between them. She hangs a small bismuth rod and a small aluminium rod in turn in the gap by a thread, and then places a narrow glass U-tube containing a liquid so that one arm lies between the pole pieces. The susceptibility of aluminium is 2.3 × 10−5 and that of bismuth is −1.7 × 10−5.
(a) sets itself perpendicular to the field
(b) sets itself parallel to the field
(c) is pulled strongly onto a pole piece
(d) does not move at all
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) sets itself perpendicular to the field
Explanation:
1. Bismuth is diamagnetic, so its ends are pushed away from the strong field regions near the pole pieces.
2. The rod therefore turns to lie perpendicular to the field.
Teacher's Note:
1. A paramagnetic rod does the opposite and lines up with the field.
2. Being pulled onto a pole is typical of iron.
(a) 2.3 × 10−5
(b) 1.000023
(c) 0.999977
(d) 1.23
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) 1.000023
Explanation:
1. μr = 1 + χ = 1 + 2.3 × 10−5
2. μr = 1.000023
Teacher's Note:
1. 0.999977 would be the value for χ = −2.3 × 10⁻⁵.
2. μᵣ just above 1 is the mark of a paramagnet.
(a) rises
(b) first rises and then falls
(c) falls slightly
(d) does not change
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) falls slightly
Explanation:
1. Water is repelled from the strong field region.
2. So the level in the arm between the poles falls slightly, and the other arm rises.
Teacher's Note:
1. A paramagnetic liquid such as a copper chloride solution would rise instead.
2. The change is small because χ is small.
(a) 9.2 × 10−2 A m−1
(b) 4 × 104 A m−1
(c) 1.74 × 109 A m−1
(d) 0.92 A m−1
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) 0.92 A m−1
Explanation:
1. M = χH = 2.3 × 10−5 × 4 × 104
2. M = 0.92 A m−1, along the field.
Teacher's Note:
1. Multiply χ by H; dividing gives the absurd 1.74 × 10⁹.
2. Check the power of ten: 10⁻⁵ × 10⁴ = 10⁻¹.
(a) the applied field induces atomic moments opposite to itself
(b) the atomic moments are aligned in domains
(c) permanent atomic moments line up along the field
(d) there are no electrons in motion
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) the applied field induces atomic moments opposite to itself
Explanation:
1. Bismuth atoms have no net permanent moment.
2. The field changes the electron orbits and induces moments opposite to the field, so M is opposite to H and the rod is repelled.
Teacher's Note:
1. Option (c) explains aluminium, a paramagnet.
2. Option (b) explains ferromagnets such as iron.
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