CBSE Class 12 Informatics Practices Societal Impacts Case Study Questions Set 01

Answer: (d) Cyber bullying

Explanation:
1. Cyber bullying is any insulting, degrading or threatening behaviour towards a person online, such as posting mean comments about them or sending them repeated unwanted messages.
2. Smridh is receiving demeaning comments, repeated mails and is being followed every time he is online.
3. Eavesdropping is secretly listening to someone's communication, phishing is tricking a person into giving personal details, and stolen identity means someone pretends to be you. None of these is happening here.
4. So Smridh is a victim of (d) Cyber bullying.

Teacher's Note:
1. Repeatedly following and harassing someone online is also called cyber stalking, a serious form of cyber bullying.
2. Victims should keep screenshots of the messages as evidence and block the bully.

Answer: (d) He should bring it to the notice of his parents and school authorities

Explanation:
1. A student who is being bullied online should not stay silent, and friends alone cannot stop the bully.
2. The first step is to tell trusted adults, his parents and school authorities, who can guide him, collect evidence and take the matter to the cyber cell or police if needed.
3. So the best action is (d) He should bring it to the notice of his parents and school authorities.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hiding the problem allows the bullying to continue and grow.
2. Cyber crimes can also be reported online at the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal (cybercrime.gov.in).

Answer: (b) Computer ethics

Explanation:
1. Ethics means moral principles of right and wrong behaviour.
2. Computer ethics are the moral principles that guide how people should use computers and the Internet, for example not using others' work without permission and not harming others online.
3. Copyright, property rights and privacy law are legal rights, not a set of moral principles.
4. So the answer is (b) Computer ethics.

Teacher's Note:
1. Good online manners, called netiquette, are a part of computer ethics.
2. Laws are enforced by the state, while ethics depend on a person's own sense of right and wrong.

Answer: (c) Privacy

Explanation:
1. Privacy is a person's right to keep personal information safe from being collected, attacked or disclosed without consent.
2. Protecting personal data from both accidental and deliberate disclosure is protecting one's privacy.
3. Copyright and intellectual property deal with creative work, not personal data.
4. So the answer is (c) Privacy.

Teacher's Note:
1. Keep social media profiles private and do not share phone numbers or addresses publicly.
2. In India, personal data is protected under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023.

Answer: (a) Phishing

Explanation:
1. Phishing is an online trick in which a fake email, message or website pretending to be genuine asks the user for personal details such as user names, passwords or bank details.
2. The aim is to fraudulently acquire login information, exactly as described.
3. Fraud and scam are general words for cheating, and plagiarism is presenting someone else's work as one's own.
4. So the answer is (a) Phishing.

Teacher's Note:
1. Banks and genuine websites never ask for passwords or OTPs by email or message.
2. Always check the URL of a website before entering login details.

Answer: (b) Phishing

Explanation:
1. The mail creates urgency (“within 24 hours”) and asks students to click a link and enter their passwords.
2. Sending such fake mails that look genuine to steal passwords and personal details is called phishing.
3. Identity theft or hacking may follow later if a student gives away the password, but the mail itself is a phishing attack.
4. So the answer is (b) Phishing.

Teacher's Note:
1. Check the sender and the link: a link that is not from the registered address schoolwifi.edu is a warning sign.
2. When in doubt, contact the network staff directly instead of clicking the link.

Answer: (b) Uniform Resource Locator

Explanation:
1. URL is the address of a web page or other resource on the Internet.
2. Its full form is Uniform Resource Locator, because it locates the resource.
3. So the answer is (b) Uniform Resource Locator.

Teacher's Note:
1. A URL has three main parts: the protocol, the domain name and the path of the file.
2. In https://schoolwifi.edu, https is the protocol and schoolwifi.edu is the domain name.

Answer: (c) Spam

Explanation:
1. Unsolicited means not asked for; commercial means advertising or selling.
2. Such unwanted bulk advertising mails are called spam.
3. Malware, virus and spyware are harmful programs, not a type of email.
4. So the answer is (c) Spam.

Teacher's Note:
1. Email services filter such mails into a separate Spam folder.
2. Spam mails often carry phishing links or malware, so do not open their links or attachments.

Answer: (c) Wireless Fidelity

Explanation:
1. Wi-Fi is the wireless technology that connects devices to a network without cables.
2. It is commonly expanded as Wireless Fidelity.
3. So the answer is (c) Wireless Fidelity.

Teacher's Note:
1. Strictly, Wi-Fi is a brand name of the Wi-Fi Alliance, but Wireless Fidelity is the expansion used in school books.
2. A school Wi-Fi network is a wireless LAN.

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. A strong password is hard to guess because it mixes different kinds of characters.
2. It should contain letters and numbers, both upper-case and lower-case letters, and special characters such as @, # or %.
3. Options (a), (b) and (c) are each only one part of this. So the answer is (d) All of the above.

Teacher's Note:
1. A strong password should also be long (at least 8 characters) and should not contain your name or date of birth.
2. Never share your password, and use different passwords for different accounts.

Answer: (b) Paraphrasing

Explanation:
1. Paraphrasing means expressing someone else's idea in your own words.
2. Sumit rewrote the paragraph in his own words and also named webpage 1 as the source.
3. Because he gave credit, this is not plagiarism; it is correct, honest use of information.
4. So Step 1 is an example of (b) Paraphrasing.

Teacher's Note:
1. Paraphrasing without naming the source is still plagiarism, because the idea is someone else's.
2. Always list the websites and books you used in a bibliography.

Answer: (a) plagiarism

Explanation:
1. Plagiarism is presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own without giving credit, including making something from existing work and calling it new.
2. Sumit built a collage from images made by someone else and presented it as his own artwork without naming the source.
3. The images were free to use, so using them is not copyright infringement; the wrong is hiding the source.
4. So Step 2 is an act of (a) plagiarism.

Teacher's Note:
1. Even free images should be credited to their creator.
2. Plagiarism is about not giving credit; copyright infringement is about not having permission.

Answer: (c) copyright infringement

Explanation:
1. Copyright infringement means using someone's copyrighted work without their permission.
2. The owner of the icon does not allow its free use, and Sumit used it without permission.
3. Giving webpage 3 as the reference avoids plagiarism, but it does not give him permission, so the copyright is still violated.
4. So Step 3 is an act of (c) copyright infringement.

Teacher's Note:
1. NCERT's example: using an image whose owner does not permit free use is a copyright violation even after giving a reference.
2. Look for images under a Creative Commons licence or ask the owner for permission.

Answer: (b) Web pages

Explanation:
1. A web page is a single document on the web.
2. A website is a group of related web pages under one domain name, linked to each other.
3. So a website is a collection of (b) Web pages.

Teacher's Note:
1. The first page that opens when you visit a website is called its home page.
2. Hyperlinks connect the pages of a website, but the website itself is made of the pages.

Answer: (c) Downloading

Explanation:
1. Copying files from a server on the Internet to your own computer is downloading.
2. Uploading is the opposite: sending files from your computer to a server.
3. So the answer is (c) Downloading.

Teacher's Note:
1. FTP is a protocol that can be used to download or upload files; it is not the name of the process.
2. Download only from trusted websites, because downloaded files can carry malware.