CBSE Class 12 Biology Biodiversity and Conservation Key Points

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CHAPTER: 15 BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION (KEY POINTS)

Review the key terms and explanations related to biodiversity and conservation as presented below. [5 Marks]

Answer:

The important terms and their explanations from the chapter are tabulated below:

S.No	Term	Explanation
1	Biodiversity	Refers to the sum total of diversity that emits all levels of biological organization.
2	Genetic diversity	A single species that shows high diversity at the genetic level over its distributional range.
3	Species diversity	The diversity at the species level.
4	Ecological diversity	The diversity at the ecosystem level.
5	Bioprospecting	Exploring molecular, genetic and species level diversity for products of economic importance.
6	Sacred Groves	Tracts of forests were set aside and all the trees and wildlife within were venerated and given total protection.
7	Evil Quartet	Sobriquet used to describe 4 major causes of species extinction: Habitat loss and fragmentation, Over-exploitation, Alien species invasion, and Co-extinctions.
8	In-situ Conservation	Conservation of species in their natural habitat, that is on-site conservation.
9	Ex-situ Conservation	Conservation of threatened species in special settings where they are protected and given special care, that is off-site conservation, e.g., zoological parks, botanical gardens, etc.
10	Biodiversity Hotspots	Regions with very high levels of species richness.
12	The Earth Summit	Meeting of several nations at Rio de Janeiro in 1992 to discuss appropriate measures for conservation of biodiversity.
13	World Summit on Sustainable Development	Meeting of several nations in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002 to reduce the rate of biodiversity loss.
14	Endemism	Species confined to a region and not found elsewhere.

11Sacred GrovesTracts of forests where all trees and wildlife within are venerated and given total protection.

Teacher's Note:
a) These key terms form the foundational vocabulary for understanding ecology and conservation principles.
b) Students often confuse in-situ and ex-situ conservation; emphasize that natural habitat protection is in-situ while captive/botanical protection is ex-situ.
c) The term 'Evil Quartet' groups the four major drivers of biodiversity loss popularized by Paul Ehrlich.
d) Knowing the specific years and locations of the Earth Summit (Rio de Janeiro, 1992) and World Summit (Johannesburg, 2002) is essential for objective questions.