Please refer to CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Question Management of Natural Resources. Download HOTS questions and answers for Class 10 Science. Read CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs for Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources below and download in pdf. High Order Thinking Skills questions come in exams for Science in Class 10 and if prepared properly can help you to score more marks. You can refer to more chapter wise Class 10 Science HOTS Questions with solutions and also get latest topic wise important study material as per NCERT book for Class 10 Science and all other subjects for free on Studiestoday designed as per latest CBSE, NCERT and KVS syllabus and pattern for Class 10
Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Class 10 Science HOTS
Class 10 Science students should refer to the following high order thinking skills questions with answers for Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Class 10. These HOTS questions with answers for Class 10 Science will come in exams and help you to score good marks
HOTS Questions Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Class 10 Science with Answers
(a) Governmental Agency for Pollution Control
(b) Gross Assimilation by Photosynthesis
(c) Ganga Action Plan
(d) Governmental Agency for Animal Protection
Answer : C
Question. Which of the following canals brought about greenery in Rajasthan ?
(a) Rajiv Gandhi Canal
(b) Indira Gandhi Canal
(c) Jawaharlal Canal
(d) Mahatma Gandhi Canal
Answer : B
Question. Supriya listed some activities observed in the forest region.
Which of the following given activities can be harmful to the region?
(i) Cutting down trees for paper
(ii) Collecting latex from the rubber trees
(iii) People collecting the fallen berries and nuts
(iv) Cattle grazing
(a) (ii) and (iii)
(b) Only (i)
(c) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(d) Only (iii)
Answer: B
Question. The most rapidly dwindling resource in the world is ______.
(a) air
(b) water
(c) sunlight
(d) forests
Answer: D
Question. Why do we need to manage our natural resources?
(a) To meet the demand of the increasing population
(b) To save it for the future generations
(c) Because natural resources are not unlimited
(d) All of the above
Answer: D
Question. The important message conveyed by the “Chipko Movement” is :
(a) to involve the community in forest conservation efforts
(b) to ignore the community in forest conservation efforts
(c) to cut down forest trees for developmental activities
(d) government agencies have the unquestionable right to order destruction of trees in forests.
Answer: A
Question. Savitri learnt about the different R’s of waste management but she is confused about how can she can repurpose the old newspapers. Which of the following options solves her problem?
(i) Dissolving, bleaching and then drying
(ii) Making paper bags
(iii) Using newspaper to cover her notebooks.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (iii)
Answer: B
Question. Coliforms are _______.
(a) bacteria present in the digestive tract of animals.
(b) bacteria present in hot springs.
(c) bacteria present in frigid cold environments.
(d) All of the above.
Answer: A
Question. Which of the following sets contains all the resources that we need to manage sustainably?
(a) Forest, wildlife, water, coal and petroleum
(b) Solar energy, water and coal
(c) Tidal energy, coal and petroleum
(d) Geothermal energy, coal and forests
Answer: A
Question. The most appropriate definition of a natural resource is that it is a substance or commodity that is:
(a) Present only on land
(b) A gift of nature which is very useful to mankind
(c) A man-made substance placed in nature
(d) Available only in the forest
Answer: B
Question. What is the name for the process of burning municipal solid waste in a properly designed furnace under suitable temperature and operating conditions ?
(a) Landfill
(b) Recycling
(c) Vermi composting
(d) Incineration
Answer: D
Question. In a largely levelled terrains, the water harvesting structures are mainly
(a) straight concrete check dams
(b) crescent-shaped
(c) star-shaped
(d) Both A and B
Answer: D
Question. Which of the following is not a direct stakeholder of the conservation of forests?
(a) Industrialists like those having paper mills
(b) Forest department
(c) Nature enthusiasts
(d) People living in urban areas
Answer: D
Question. How does the uncontrolled exploitation of forests by industries affect the local people?
(a) Reduction of natural resources
(b) Economic loss
(c) Reduction in food for cattle
(d) All of the above
Answer: D
Question. The practice of controlling the growth of trees and their quality to meet specific human needs is called __________.
(a) sericulture
(b) apiculture
(c) silviculture
(d) agriculture
Answer: C
Question. Which of the following statements is true about fossil fuels?
(i) The burning of fossil fuels releases oxides of nitrogen.
(ii) Fossil fuel is used for combustion in engines. It releases energy that is used for different purposes.
(iii) The burning of fossil fuels also releases carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Both these gases are taken up by the plants and hence are not harmful.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) Only (i)
(d) Only (iii)
Answer: A
Question. Expand the abbreviation GAP.
(a) Government Agency for Pollution control
(b) Gross Assimilation by Photosynthesis
(c) Ganga Action Plan
(d) Governmental Agency for animal Protection
Answer: C
Question. It is important to make small check dams across the flooded gullies because they :
(i) hold water for irrigation.
(ii) hold water and prevent soil erosion.
(iii) recharge ground water.
(iv) hold water permanently.
(a) (i), (iv)
(b) (ii), (iii)
(c) (iii), (iv)
(d) (ii), (iv)
Answer: B
Question. Activities like cutting down trees not only reduce the forest cover but also adversely affect the
(a) government forest departments
(b) industrialists
(c) wildlife and nature enthusiasts
(d) local people
Answer: D
Question. In our country there are attempts to increase the height of several existing dams like Tehri and Almati dams across Narmada. Choose the correct statements among the following that are a consequence of raising the height of dams.
(i) Terrestrial flora and fauna of the area is destroyed completely.
(ii) Dislocation of people and domestic animals living in the area.
(iii) Valuable agricultural land may be permanently lost.
(iv) It will generate permanent employment for people.
(a) (i), (ii)
(b) (i), (ii), (iii)
(c) (ii), (iv)
(d) (i), (iii), (iv)
Answer: B
Question. Why do the construction of dams, despite their benefits, face a lot of criticism?**
(a) Because it displaces a large number of tribals without adequate rehabilitation.
(b) Because it involves a huge amount of public money.
(c) Because it leads to loss of biological diversity.
(d) All of the above
Answer: D
Question. A diagram of traditional water harvesting system is given below 57 The statement which defines the system and its parts is:
(a) This is an ideal setting of the Khadin system and A = Catchment area; B = Saline area and C = Shallow dugwell
(b) This is an ideal setting of the Shallow dugwell system and A = Catchment area; B = Saline area and C = Khadin
(c) This is an ideal setting of Catchment area and A = Khadin, B = Saline area and C = Shallow dugwell
(d) This is an ideal setting of Saline area and A = Catchment area; B = Khadin and C = Shallow dugwell
Answer: A
Question. Which of the following is the ‘biodiversity hot spots’ ?
(a) Rivers
(b) Forests
(c) Deserts
(d) Oceans
Answer : B
Question. Expand the abbreviation GAP
(a) Government Action Plan
(b) Ganga Action Plan
(c) Government Agency for Pollution Control
(d) Government Animal Protection Plant
Answer : B
Question. The pH range most conducive for life of fresh water plants and animals is
(a) 6.5 – 7.5
(b) 2.0 – 3.5
(c) 3.5 – 7.0
(d) 9.0 – 10.5
Answer : A
Question. The main cause for abundant coliform bacteria in the river Ganga is
(a) disposal of human excreta directly
(b) discharge of effluents from electroplating industries
(c) washing of clothes
(d) immersion of ashes.
Answer : A
Question. Environment Day falls on
(a) 28th February
(b) 23rd March
(c) 5th June
(d) 16th August
Answer : C
Question. Sardar Sarovar Dam is constructed on which river?
(a) Ganga
(b) Sutluj
(c) Narmada
(d) Kaveri
Answer : C
Question. Pick the right combination of terms which has no fossil fuel.
(a) Wind, ocean and coal
(b) Kerosene, wind and tide
(c) Wind, wood, sun
(d) Petroleum, wood, sun
Answer : C
Question. Which one of the following is an example of nonrenewable resource?
(a) Water
(b) Vegetation
(c) Wind
(d) Coal and minerals
Answer : D
Fill in the Blanks :
Question. ‘Khadin’ system of rain-water harvesting is practiced in ……… .
Answer: Rajasthan
Question. Sardar Sarovar Dam is situated on river _____________ .
Answer: Narmada
Question. The bacteria present in contaminated water is _____________ .
Answer: Coliform
Question. Large-scale deforestation decreases _____________ .
Answer: Rainfall
Question. ……… are ‘biodiverse hotspots’.
Answer: Forests
Question. Sanctuaries are established to _____________ .
Answer: Protect animals
Question. The management of ……… resources requires a long term perspective.
Answer: natural
Question. Red Data book provides a list of _____________ .
Answer: Rare, endangered or endemic species
Question. Tehri Dam is being constructed on _____________ .
Answer: Ganga
Important Questions for NCERT Class 10 Science Management of Natural Resources
Very Short type Questions :
Question. A person lives near a forest. Make a list of four items which he can get from the forest to meet his daily needs.
Answer: Timber, Firewood, honey and fruits.
Question. What action Government has taken to save the river Ganga from pollution?
Answer: Government launched Ganga Action Plan in 1985.
Question Name the most common practice used to recharge ground water.
Answer: Rain water harvesting.
Question. What does coliform presence in Ganga water mean?
Answer: It means contamination by disease causing microorganisms.
Question. When was National Mission for Clean Ganga set up?
Answer: National Mission for Clean Ganga was set up in October, 2016.
Question. Name one river which gets polluted while passing through towns of Haridwar, Kanpur, Allahabad, Patna and Howrah?
Answer: Ganga.
Question. How long will the known reserves of coal and petroleum last with present rate of consumption?
Answer: The coal reserve will last for about 200 years and petroleum will last us for about 40 years.
Question. Who are called forest stakeholders?
Answer: Forest stakeholders include all those people who either live in forest or near to forest and depend on forest to meet their day to day need.
Question. Name the bacteria whose presence in water indicate contamination of water.
Answer: Coliform.
Question. Name some traditional water harvesting systems in India.
Answer: Traditional water harvesting systems are Khadims, tanks, bandharas, tals, bundhis, pynes etc.
Question. Name two fossil fuels.
Answer: Coal and petroleum.
Question. What are the two kinds of natural resources?
Answer: Water and forest.
Question. What types of fuels are coal and petroleum?
Answer: Fossil fuels.
Question. State an instance where human intervention saved the forests from destruction.
Answer: Human intervention saved the Arabari forest range of West Bengal from destruction with active and willing participation of local community. The Sal forest of Arabari underwent a remarkable recovery.
Question. What is Wildlife?
Answer: It comprises of living beings which occur in natural habitats and are neither domesticated nor cultivated.
Question. What is the main purpose of rain water harvesting?
Answer: To make rain water percolate under the soil so as to recharge ‘ground water’.
Question. Who won the Stockholm Water Prize in 2015?
Answer: Dr. Rajendra Singh won the Stockholm Water Prize in 2015.
Question. How natural resources are protected?
Answer: With the help of various national and international laws and regulations.
Short Answer type Questions :
Question. Why should we preserve bio diversity?
Answer : If the bio- diversity is not preserved, the ecological stability of an area will be lost and ecological crisis will be caused.
Question. What are “bio diversity hot spots”? Why this name has been given?
Answer : Forests are called bio diversity hot spots because of the presence of a large number of species of plants and animals.
Question. “Forests can not be conserved only by legislation; local human intervention is also required.” Justify your answer with two examples.
Answer : The two examples when human intervention saved the forest are:
1. The protection of Khajuri trees- In 1731 Amrita Devi Bishnoi led a group of 363 persons who sacrificed their lives for the protection of Khajuri trees in Khejrati village (Rajasthan).
2. Hug the trees movement(Chipko Andolan)- In a Reni village in Gharwal when the contractor’s workers came into the forest to cut down the trees against the will of local people, the women of the village reached the forest quickly and clasped the trunks with their arms, and the forest trees were thus saved.
Question. Water is an elixir of life, a very important natural resource. Your science teacher wants you to prepare a plan for a formative assessment activity– “How to save water, the vital natural resource.”
(i) Write any two ways that you will suggest to bring awareness in your neighborhood on how to save water.
(ii) Name and explain any one way by which the underground water table does not go down further.
Answer:
(i) Water is a very precious natural resource which can be saved by the following ways:
(a) Turning off taps while brushing, shaving.
(b) Use of buckets instead of shower while bathing.
(c) The waste water from purifier can be used for moping, watering plants, etc.
(ii) Underground water can be recharged by rain water harvesting. The technique to capture and store rain water for future use by making special water harvesting structures is
called rain water harvesting. There are two ways of rain water harvesting:
(a) Surface run off where rain water that flows away from the surface can be collected and used.
(b) Rooftop rain water harvesting is the technique where rain water from roof tops of the buildings is collected through canals and drains the water to ground reservoir. This
stored water can be used in future.
Question. Why should there be equitable distribution of resources? List three forces that would be working against an equitable distribution of our resources.
Answer: There should be equitable distribution of the resources so that all the people irrespective of being rich and poor have access and makes use of the resources. Equitable resource distribution also leads to sustainable development.
Three factors that work against equitable distribution of resources are:
(a) Over exploitation of resources by industrialists for shortterm gains.
(b) Improper management which has led to access of natural raw material to certain group of people which are either influential.
(c) Wastage by the people who have indifferent attitude towards environment, use the resources with short-term aim hence leading to depletion of resources.
Question. How did Chipko Movement ultimately benefits the local people? Explain briefly.
Answer: Chipko movement was originated from a small village Reni in 1974 where a group of women under the leadership of Gaura Devi protested against indiscriminate felling of trees by hugging them. The Chipko movement spread slowly to other parts under the leadership of Shri Sunderlal Bahuguna of Silyara in Tehri region. Chipko movement is the movement where people form a circle around the tree and hug them to prevent falling of trees. The local people of Tehri-Garhwal district of Uttarakhand, then a part of UP realise the importance of forests and protest against felling of trees as well as giving forest products to other regions. This prevention of cutting down of trees help in conservation of soil, bringing rainfall, maintenance of ecological balance in nature. The local people can use the products of forests for their benefits.
Question. What changes would you suggest in your home in order to be environment friendly?
Answer: The following measures can be taken in our home in order to be environment friendly:
(a) We can segregate biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes and dispose them in separate dustbins.
(b) By closing the water taps and repairing leaky pipes and taps to save water.
(c) By switching off lights, fans, computer, television etc., when not needed.
(d) By using solar energy for cooking, heating water etc., instead of using fossil fuels.
(e) By reusing things instead of throwing away. Example – old clothes, toys etc., can be given to needy people, plastic bottles of jam, pickles can be used to store other things etc.
(f) Use of energy saver lights like CFLs bulbs.
Question. Suggest some approaches towards the conservation of forests?
Answer: Some approaches towards the conservation of forests are:
(a) Large scale afforestation programmes.
(b) Avoid cutting of trees (deforestation).
(c) To educate people about the importance of forests by organising programs and campaigns.
(d) Forest fires should be checked.
(e) By implementing law for severe punishment to anyone who is involved in illegal cutting down of trees.
(f) Local people should be included in conservation of forests and they should be given proper employment.
Question. State two advantages of conserving:
(i) Forests
(ii) Wildlife
Answer:
(i) Advantages of conserving forests:
(a) It supports life and purifies air by releasing oxygen by photosynthesis process.
(b) It holds the soil and prevents soil erosion.
(ii) Advantages of conserving wildlife:
(a) It balances ecology and biodiversity.
(b) It provides important things to sustain life like life saving drugs, ivory, musk, leather etc.
Question. In the context of conservation of natural resources, explain the terms reduce, reuse, recycle, refuse and repurpose? From among the materials we use in daily life, identify two materials for each category?
Answer: Reduce means less use of commodities or natural resources. Examples–Electricity, water. Reuse means use of things again and again instead of throwing it away. Examples– Plastic bags, bottles, paper, envelopes etc. Recycle means by using specific recycling technique new things can be produced from old ones. Examples – Metals, glass apparatus, plastic materials, papers etc. Refuse to buy products that can harm you and the environment. Examples - Refuse single use plastics, like disposable coffee cups, utensils, and straws. These
materials are often made of plastic and thrown away after one use.
Repurpose means converting waste into resources.
Examples - Waste plastic bottle can be used to make boat, waste oils that cannot be refined for reuse in vehicles can be burnt for energy recovery.
Long Answer Type Questions :
Question. Which of the two is better option :
(i) To collect rain water in ponds or artificial lakes
(ii) To let it recharge ground water by water harvesting.
List two causes for the failure of sustained availability of ground water.
Answer: To let it recharge ground water by water harvesting is better option than to collect rain water in ponds or artificial lakes because there is no loss of water by evaporation,
water does not get contaminated due to human activities, it does not provide a breeding place for mosquitoes, flies etc.
The causes for the failure of sustained availability of ground water are :
(a) Rising population demands more water which leads to depletion of ground water level.
(b) Growing industries and dumping of effluents and wastes from them causespollution of ground water.
Question. Discuss the objectives of Namami Gange Programme.
Answer: The Ganga is the most important river of India both from the point of view of its basin and cultural significance. But water in the Ganga river is polluting day-by-day due to
increase in the population density, various human activities such as bathing, washing clothes, the bathing of animals, and dumping of various harmful industrial waste into the rivers.
Much of the effort to clean the Ganga over the last 30 years has been centred around creating sewage treatment capacities in major urban centres along the river. ‘Namami Gange
Programme’, is an Integrated Conservation Mission, approved as “Flagship Programme” by the Union Government in June 2014 with budget outlay of Rs.20,000 Crore to accomplish the
twin objectives of effective abatement of pollution, conservation and rejuvenation of the National River Ganga. Namami Gange is being implemented by the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), and its state counterparts—State Programme Management Groups. NMCG would establish field offices wherever necessary. The National Mission for Clean Ganga is
the implementation wing set up in October, 2016.
Main pillars of the Namami Gange Programme are:
(a) Sewerage Treatment Infrastructure
(b) River-Front Development
(c) River-Surface Cleaning
(d) Bio-Diversity
(e) Afforestation
(f) Public Awareness
(g) Industrial Effluent Monitoring
(h) Ganga Gram
The government’s Namami Gange programme seeks to tackle the problem at several levels at the same time. “Rejuvenation” of the Ganga includes reviving ‘Aviral Dhara’, or continuous flow in stretches that have gone dry due to natural or man-made reasons, regenerating the river ecology, making the river an important inland waterway, reviving it as a habitat for dolphins and gharials, and spreading awareness about the need to keep the Ganga clean.
Question. Chipko movement was stared in 1970s in a small village of Garhwal high up in Himalayas. Villagers stood against greedy contractors.
Women folk hugged the trees. The Chipko – movement spread slowly to all nearby areas under the leadership of Shri Sunder Lal Bahuguna.
(i) Do you feel inspired by this movement which prevented felling of trees?
(ii) Who do you think are real stakeholders?
(iii) Which old belief has been challenged by Chipko movement?
Answer:
(i) Yes, we feel inspired by this movement which prevented felling of trees because it is one of the suitable methods to conserve the forests and protect the environment from getting damaged.
(ii) Local people are real stakeholders.
(iii) Chipko movement has challenged the old belief that forests only give us timber but they help in sustaining our lives, they serve as a rich source of biodiversity, they are a
habitat of wildlife. They give us oxygen which is life supporter. So, we should conserve our forests.
Question. In a village in Karnataka, people started cultivating crops all around a lake which was always filled with water. They add fertilizers to their field in order to enhance their yield. Soon they discovered that the water body was completely covered with green floating plants and fishes start dying in large numbers.
Analyse the situation and give reasons for excessive growth of plants and death of fishes in the lake?
Answer: The fertilizers that were added by farmers washed away to the lakes by rain water. Fertilizers contain many chemicals
like nitrates and phosphates which provide nutrients for excessive growth of algal blooms and the entire water body gets covered by them. This process is called eutrophication.
Since the entire water body gets covered by these green algal blooms sunlight and air cannot enter to the lake. So fishes found in lakes due to insufficient availability of
dissolved oxygen died.
Question. Water finds a very important role in our day to day life but a large portion of our population has no access to pure drinking water. Many of them are also suffering from waterborne diseases.
(i) What makes water unsafe for drinking?
(ii) What steps should an individual take to prevent pollution of water?
Answer:
(i) Release of untreated effluents of industries to water bodies, dumping of garbage in water, throwing domestic waste, sewage etc., into the water bodies make the water unfit for drinking. These wastes contain heavy metals, coliform bacteria, various disease causing microbes, salts etc. The high TDS and BOD value also makes the water unfit for drinking.
(ii) Following measures should be taken to prevent water pollution:
(a) We should treat waste water in treatment plants before letting them into water bodies.
(b) We should not dump garbage, domestic waste in water bodies.
(c) We should test the water for BOD, TDS value and coliform count from time to time.
Answer : “Reuse” of material is better than “Recycling” in saving our environment because:
Question. Why rain harvested water stored underground has many advantages? Give any three advantages.
Answer:
1. The water stored underground does not evaporate.
1. Using bucket for bathing instead of taking shower bath.
2. Cutting down the flow of water through tap while brushing teeth or washing face, hands, etc.
3. Waste water after washing vegetables, fruits etc. will be used in watering plants.(Any other correct reason).
Case Based Questions :
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from Natural resource management is the taking care of natural resources such as land, water, marine and biological systems, with a particular focus on how the management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations. It is about the long-term implications of thinking and actions about the future, and not just about present. Resource management is all about balancing of natural resources such as materials or substances occurring in nature, which can be exploited for economic gain such as mining, farming, utilising forest, fishing to name a few. Failed approaches to resource management are a big cause of pollution.
Question. Which one of the following water resources ensures availability of water for irrigation, generating electricity and enough water for canal systems?
(a) Ponds
(b) Dams
(c) Lakes
(d) Rainwater harvesting
Answer: B
Question. Which one of the given below is not an advantage of water stored in the ground:
(a) Ground-water does not evaporate.
(b) Ground-water spreads out to recharge wells.
(c) Ground-water is not protected from contamination by human and animal waste.
(d) Ground-water provides moisture for vegetation over a wide area.
Answer: C
Question. Mining causes pollution because of the large amount of which is discarded for every tonne of metal extracted:
(a) coal
(b) dust
(c) slush
(d) slag
Answer: D
Question. Despite nature’s monsoon bounty, failure to sustain water availability underground has resulted largely due to:
(a) loss of vegetation cover.
(b) diversion for high water demanding crops.
(c) pollution from industrial effluents and urban wastes.
(d) All of the above
Answer: D
Question. Best way to preserve forests is:
(a) to enforce human non-intervention totally.
(b) to stop building dams and roads.
(c) to manage protected areas by keeping local people out.
(d) to use the forest resources in a manner that is both environmentally and developmentally sound.
Answer: D
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from Waste has become a big challenge for the environment and humans in modern times. Our water bodies, our grasslands, our fields, our public spaces; all of them are being affected by the waste we discard. The concept of 5R’s is to decrease the amount of things we use and simultaneously also decrease the amount of things we throw away. Since we have limited space on earth to dispose all the waste, it is important to use the resources efficiently and create less waste. The 5Rs play an important role in solving the problems which can arise out of wrong waste management habits.
Question. Why is recycled paper banned for use in food containers?
(a) Because it creates a lot of spaces.
(b) Because it creates contamination.
(c) Because paper can be used only one time.
(d) Because paper is very thick and can not cover the food containers.
Answer: B
Question. The burning of solid waste is not recommended because:
(a) it is very costly.
(b) it requires a lot of space.
(c) it requires modern technologies.
(d) it causes several environmental issues.
Answer: D
Question. Which of the following solid wastes describes the term ‘Municipal Solid Waste’?
(a) Toxic
(b) Hazardous
(c) Non-toxic
(d) Non-hazardous
Answer: D
Question. Why is it difficult to recycle plastics?
(a) It is very hard.
(b) It comes in different sizes.
(c) It is adhesive.
(d) It contains different types of polymer resins.
Answer: D
Question. Which of the following is done on an individual level?
(a) Burning
(b) Disposal
(c) Recycling
(d) Source reduction
Answer: D
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from Observe the picture given below carefully before you answer the questions.
Question. Which of the following statements about water harvesting is not true?
(a) Water harvesting techniques are highly locale specific and the benefits are also localised.
(b) Water harvesting is an age-old concept in India.
(c) Water harvesting processes mitigates droughts and floods.
(d) Water harvesting cannot be considered as an alternative to the mega-projects like dams.
Answer: D
Question. Watershed management cannot be used for which one of the following?
(a) Scientific soil and water conservation.
(b) Develop primary resources of land and water.
(c) To run water transport.
(d) To produce secondary resources of plants and animals.
Answer: C
Question. Various organisations are involved in digging small pits and lakes, building small earthen dams, constructing dykes, building sand and limestone reservoirs as a part of:
(a) rooftop water collection.
(b) watershed management.
(c) community building project.
(d) rearing fishes.
Answer: B
Question. Which process is described in the picture?
(a) Rain water harvesting
(b) Water cycle
(c) Water purification
(d) Desalting water
Answer: A
Question. Bandhara, nadi, tals, bundhis, kattas are all names of:
(a) water harvesting systems around the world
(b) water harvesting systems in ancient India
(c) weapons used in ancient India
(d) forests around the world
Answer: B
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions from Waste management is essential in today’s society. Due to an increase in population, the generation of waste is getting doubled day-by-day. Moreover, the increase in waste is affecting the lives of many people. Waste management is the managing of waste by disposal and recycling of it. Moreover, waste management needs proper techniques keeping in mind the environmental situations. For instance, there are various methods and techniques by which the waste is disposed of. You must have come across 5 R’s to save the environment: refuse, reduce, reuse, repurpose and recycle.
Question. According to the ‘Solid Waste Management Rule 2016’, the waste should be segregated into three categories. Observe the table below and select the row that has correct information: 
Answer: B
Question. Effective segregation of wastes at the point of generation is very important. Select the appropriate statements giving the importance of waste segregation.
(i) Less waste goes to the landfills.
(ii) Better for public health and the environment.
(iii) Help in reducing the waste.
(iv) Resulting in deterioration of a waste picker’s health.
(a) Both (i) and (ii)
(b) Both (i) and (iii)
(c) Both (ii) and (iii)
(d) Both (i) and (iv)
Answer: A
Question. Choose the waste management strategy that is matched with correct example.
Answer: D
Question. Recycling of paper is a good practice but recycled paper should not be used as food packaging because:
(a) recycled papers may release color /dyes on food items.
(b) recycled papers are not absorbent.
(c) recycled papers can cause infection due to release of methane.
(d) recycled papers are costly.
Answer: C
Question. The given graph shows the amount of waste generated, dumped and treated in percentage. Identify the reason of low success rate of waste management process. 
(a) Only 15% of urban India’s waste is processed.
(b) Less than 60% of waste is collected from households.
(c) More than 60% of waste is collected from households.
(d) Both (a) and (b).
Answer: D
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question. Name two important natural resources.
Answer : Forest, Water, Wildlife.
Question. Define biodiversity.
Answer : The number of species found in an area is called biodiversity.
Question. Why fossil fuels should be used judiciously?
Answer : It is because these resources are limited, non-renewable and polluting.
Question. Name the place where “Chipko Andolan” organised.
Answer : Reni Village in Garhwal.
Question. Name the main constituents of coal and petroleum.
Answer : Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur.
Question. State two disadvantages of constructing dam.
Answer : It can cause earthquakes, loss of habitat, submerging of plants releases methane gas that causes green house effect.
Question. Name two dam projects which are facing criticism.
Answer : Tehri dam on river Ganga and Sardar Sarovar dam on river Narmada.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question. Why do we need to use our resources carefully?
Answer : It is because these resources are limited and the human population is increasing at very fast rate, the demand for these resources is increasing. For long term usage and to preserve them we need to use our resources carefully.
Question. Why are forests called as biodiversity hot spots?
Answer : Biodiversity hot-spot means a place where large number of species are found.
The range of different life forms i.e., bacteria, fungi, ferns, flowering plants, variety of animals likes, insects, birds, reptiles, aves, mammals etc are all found in the forest.
Question. Prejudice against the traditional use of forest areas has no basis. Comment.
Answer : It can be explained with one example—The great Himalayan Park contain alpine meadows which were grazed by sheep in summer. Nomadic shepherds drove their flock up from the valley every summer. When the National Park was formed this
practice was banned. Because of no grazing, the grass first grew very tall and then fell over on the ground preventing fresh growth. Hence the traditional use was helpful for the forest maintenance.
Question. Why is it necessary to conserve forest and wildlife?
Answer : To preserve forest, maintain balance in the eco-system, prevent floods, droughts.
Question. Name the products of combustion of coal and petroleum. How do they effect our environment?
Answer : CO2, H2O, oxides of sulphur and nitrogen are released from the combustion of coal and petroleum.
Effect on environment:
(i) CO2 — Green house effect, global warming.
(ii) Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen causes acid rain.
Question. Give an example of people’s participation in the management of forests.
Answer : Saving of sal forest of Arabari in Midnapore District.
Chipko Movement to protect the trees from cutting down in Reni village Garhwal.
Question. Which is better—recycle or reuse? Give example.
Answer : Reuse is better because recycling needs extra energy.
E.g., the glass containers in which we get jam, pickles etc., can be reused at home to keep kitchen stuff but if it goes for recycling then lot of energy and money is spent on recycling it and getting a new bottle.
Question. Give three changes you will make to stop or lower the use of coal and petroleum.
Answer : (i) Switch off lights when not required, and use CFL bulbs.
(ii) Not to use petrol fuel vehicles instead opt for CNG.
(iii) Use cycle or walk to go short distances.
Question. Inspite of plenty rainfall in monsoon in some areas of India, there is failure to sustain water availability. Give reasons.
Answer : (i) Loss of forest cover prevents rainwater from seeping down the ground.
(ii) Underground water is not recharged.
Question. Give three main uses of fossil fuels.
Answer : (a) Fossil fuels are used for generating electricity i.e., Coal is used in thermal power plants on large scale to produce electricity.
(b) Coal and petroleum is also used in industries to prepare goods from raw-materials.
(c) Petroleum is used for transportation. In vehicles petrol or diesel is used.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question. What is sustainable development? Explain it with respect to forest, wildlife and water resources.
Answer : The proper management of natural resources using it wisely and judiciously so that it is available for the coming generations also. All these resources are maintained.
The population is increasing, demand for these resources is also increasing but they are limited in nature.
The management would prevent the exploitation of these resources and keep them available for future generations.
Forest—Many industries like timber, wood bidi, tendu leaves etc are dependent on the trees in the forest. They keep cutting the trees for use.
This need to be managed properly and checked that new plantation of trees take place, animals are not harmed and are preserved.
Wildlife—All animals in the forest are disturbed due to the intervention of people into the forest. They are also killed for trade of skin, fur, tusk horn etc. If the animals in the forest are not managed and taken care of then they will be extinct which will disturb the ecological balance of the earth.
Water Resources—The main water resources are rivers, lake, ponds, underground water. The sources of water are getting polluted and the underground water is also discharged, used and the level of water is declining. Hence the recharge of water under the ground by rain water harvesting is necessary.
Question. Dams are constructed on the river for multipurpose use give its advantages and disadvantages.
Answer : Advantages of dams:
(i) The water stored in the dams is used for irrigation by constructing canals which carry water to the fields.
The Indira Gandhi Canal carries water from Bhakra dam Punjab to villages in Rajasthan desert where it has brought greenery and added life to the soil.
(ii) The water in dams is continuously available for the people in the vicinity to make use of it after purification.
(iii) The water of dam is also used in producing electricity. The water in dam that falls from a certain height gains kinetic energy and rotates turbines to generate electricity. Hence this way it makes hydroelectricity.
Disadvantages of dams:
(i) Social Problems: Due to dam’s construction large number of human settlements are submerged in water, many people become homeless. Govt. must provide adequate compensation for the rehabilitation of these people which is not being done.
(ii) Ecological problems: Lot of deforestration takes place for the construction of dams, which leads to loss of biodiversity. Many plants get submerged under water and on decomposition this releases methane gas; that is the greenhouse gas; causing global warming.
(iii) Economic problems: For the construction of dams large funds are required, Govt. invests lot of money in its construction and the benefits or the output is not equivalent.
Value Based Questions
Question. Arjun’s father dropped him to school every day in his car but when he learnt about the pollution he started using school transport thereafter.
(a) Give two disadvantages of using fossil fuel.
(b) Why should we use these resources wisely and judiciously?
(c) What value of Arjun is reflected?
Answer : (a) Two disadvantages of using fossil fuels are: It causes pollution and it is expensive
resource which cannot be replenished.
(b) These resources are limited and take long time in formation.
(c) Arjun is showing responsible behaviour and self-discipline.
HOTS Questions and Answers
Question. What does the high level of total coliform count in river Ganga indicates?
Answer :. It indicates that water is contaminated by disease causing micro-organisms.
Question. What are “biodiversity hot spots”? What is the measure of the biodiversity?
Answer : Forests are “biodiversity hot spots”. One measure of the biodiversity of an area is the number of species found here.
Question. Which programme was started to replenish forests?
Answer : Silviculturea
Question. Why scarcity of water is there in our country inspite of nature’s monsoon bounty?
Answer : It has taken place due to the following reasons:
(a) Failure to sustain water availability underground which has resulted largely from the loss of vegetation cover.
(b) Diversion for high water demanding crops.
(c) Pollution from industrial effluents and urban wastes.
Question. What is the effect of continuous depletion of ground water along coastal region?
Answer : The effect of continuous depletion of ground water along coastal region will lead to movement of saline sea water into freshwater wells then spoiling their quality.
Question. Why is dependence of man on nature greater than that of any other organism?
Answer : Man’s dependence on the environment is greater than that of other organisms because man:
(a) Develops curiosity for more comforts and security.
(b) Consumes large amount of material and energy.
(c) Develops a new kind of socio-economic environment which consists of things developed by man through his tools and techniques.
Question. In addition to low rainfall, what are the other reasons for non-availability of water in arid and semi-arid zones of our country?
Answer : (a) Flowing of rain water and lack of management to harvest it.
(b) Ground water is pumped out for high water demanding crops.
(c) Water becomes unsafe and unusable due to mixing of urban wastes and effluents from the industries.
Question. Why is mining a big source of pollution?
Answer : Mining causes pollution because large amount of slag is discarded for every tonne of metal extracted.
Question. Write two points to be kept in mind while storing water in tanks.
Answer : Storage tank should not be located close to the source of contamination and should be accessible for cleaning.
Question. Write any two alternatives to dams.
Answer : Adopting water harvesting techniques and reducing the scale of floods through better catchment management.
Question. Why do you think there should be equitable distribution of resources?
Answer : We think that there should be equitable distribution of resources because not only a handful of rich and powerful people, but all the people may get benefit from the development of these resources.
Question. Which canal has brought greenery to considerable areas of Rajasthan?
Answer : Indira Gandhi Canal.
Question. What were the two main problems as a result of Tawa Irrigation Project?
Answer : Water logging and increasing salinity
Question. Write the advantages of giving the control of water management to the residents of the area?
Answer : Water harvesting techniques are highly locality specific and the benefits are localised. Thus, giving people the control over their local water resources ensures that mismanagement and overexploitation of these resources is reduced.
Question. State benefits of water harvesting.
Answer : a. Provides self-sufficiency to water supply
b. Conserves valuable ground water
c. Reduces cost for pumping ground water.
d. Reduces local flooding and drainage problems
Question. How did Chipko Andolan ultimately benefit the local population? Give any three benefits?
Answer : a. The locals benefitted from forest produces
b. The wild life and nature were conserved
c. The quality of air and soil was preserved
Question. Quote three instances where human intervention saved the forests from destruction.
Answer : a. Contribution of Bishnoi movement
b. Building national parks
c. Encouraging wildlife sanctuaries
Question. Why are environmentalists insisting upon sustainable natural resource management? Give any four reasons.
Answer : a. Non-renewable resources are limited, we should use them judiciously
b. We should encourage the use of renewable resources
c. We should preserve the environment for future generation
d. The benefits of the controlled exploitation should go to local people.
QUESTION BANK FOR PRACTICE
1. Construction of a dam on a river often results in the reduction of fish catch. Why is it so?
2. Name one National Park and a bird sanctuary developed in our country to protect wild life, rare animals and birds.
3. Write another term for petroleum
4. What are Kulhs?
5. How would the setting of a factory on the bank of a river affect the population down stream?
6. Why the management of the forest and wildlife resources considered as a challenging task?
7. Industrilisation is one main cause of deterioration of environment. Discuss
8. What are the main factors responsible for causing ecological crisis in nature?
9. State one limitation of rain water harvesting.
10. Write two points for sustainable forest management.
11. How can you say that water is a basic natural resource?
12. Economic growth and ecological consideration should grow hand in hand. Explain why?
13. How can you make balance between environment and development?
14. What is Narmada Bachao Andolan?
15. Why is the re- use of material is better than recycling in saving the environment?
16. In what way industry is affecting the forest?
17. Explain various steps of rooftop rain water harvesting.
18. How can we make wise use of rains?
19. What are the various remedial measures to conserve wild life?
20. What steps do you take at your home in order to be environmental friendly?
21. Judicious use of oil and petroleum is very important. How can this be achieved?
22. Rainfall, soil conservation and depleting forest resources are interlinked with one another. Explain how they are related to one another.
23. Government is sole responsible for the protection of environment and individuals are not to be bothered about it. Give your comments on the statement.
24. What are the advantages of ground water over surface water?
MCQ Questions for NCERT Class 10 Science Management of Natural Resources
Question. Which of the following is the age old concept of water harvesting system in Madhya Pradesh ?
(a) Bundhis
(b) Ponds
(c) Bandharas
(d) Nadis
Answer : A
Question. Ground water will not be depleted due to
(a) afforestation
(b) thermal power plants
(c) loss of forest, and decreased rainfall
(d) cropping of high water demanding crops
Answer : A
Question. Which of the following are to be managed for sustainable development?
(a) Industries
(b) Forests
(c) Crops
(d) Resources
Answer : D
Question. Match the following traditionalwater harvesting with their respective region. 66
(a) 1. (a), 2. (c), 3. (d), 4. (b)
(b) 1. (c), 2. (a), 3. (d), 4. (b)
(c) 1. (d), 2. (a), 3. (b), 4. (c)
(d) 1. (c), 2. (b), 3. (a), 4. (b)
Answer: B
Question. Which of the following is best method from environment point of view?
(a) Reduce
(b) Recycle
(c) Reuse
(d) All of these
Answer: D
Question. Kulhs is to Himachal Pradesh as bandharas is to ______.
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Kerala
(d) Maharashtra
Answer: D
Question. Which of the following sets has all the industries that depend on forests?
(a) Rubber, plastic and glass
(b) Textile, ceramic and marble
(c) Rubber, textile and glass
(d) Paper, lac and sports equipment
Answer: D
Question. Floods can be prevented by:
(a) Afforestation
(b) Removing top soil
(c) Deforestation
(d) Agriculture
Answer: A
Question. Select the incorrect statement.
(a) Economic development is linked to environmental conservation.
(b) Sustainable development encourages development for current generation and conservation of resources for future generations.
(c) Sustainable development does not consider the view points of stakeholders.
(d) Sustainable development is a long planned and persistent development.
Answer: C
Question. Khejri trees in Khejrali village were saved by a group of
(a) men
(b) women
(c) children
(d) old
Answer: B
Question. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(a) The five R’s of resource management are for fossil fuels only.
(b) Sustainable development also involves the safe disposal of wastes.
(c) Equitable sharing is an important feature of sustainable development.
(d) Earth has an unlimited supply of all-natural resources.
Answer: A
Question. Water harvesting is a method which?
(a) Increases ground water level.
(b) Not practiced in modern days.
(c) Has no relation with ground water.
(d) Decreases ground water level.
Answer: A
Question. The major ill effect of monoculture practice in forests is on the:
(a) biodiversity which faces large destruction.
(b) local people whose basic needs can no longer be met from such forests.
(c) industries.
(d) forest department.
Answer: A
Question. Which gas is formed, when fossil fuels are burnt in insufficient air (oxygen)?
(a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Carbon monoxide
(c) Both CO2 and CO
(d) Neither CO2 nor CO
Answer : B
Question. From the list given below pick the item that is not a natural resource
(a) Soil
(b) Water
(c) Electricity
(d) Air
Answer : C
Question. When we destroy a forest, we destroy
(a) the trees
(b) population of wildlife
(c) the environment
(d) food and shelter of wild animals
Answer : C
Question. Which environmental problem is associated with the construction of high rise dams?
(a) A large number of human settlements are submerged in the water.
(b) It contributes to deforestation and loss of biodiversity.
(c) It involves the spending of huge amounts of money.
(d) All the above.
Answer : D
Question. In our country, vast tracts of forests are cleared and a single species of plant is cultivated. This practice promotes
(a) biodiversity in the area
(b) monoculture in the area
(c) growth of natural forest
(d) preserves the natural ecosystem in the area
Answer : B
Question. Which of the following community in Rajasthan has a religious tenet of conservation of forest and wildlife ?
(a) Agarwal
(b) Jaishwal
(c) Bishnoi
(d) Jain
Answer : C
Question. Surangams are the age-old concept of water harvesting in
(a) Karnataka
(b) Kerela
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Andhra Pradesh
Answer : B
Question. What is the purpose of rain-water harvesting?
(a) To hold rain water on the surface of the earth.
(b) To recharge ground water.
(c) To use water for the irrigation of crops.
(d) To rear fish
Answer : B
Question. Which of the following is not an use of forest ?
(a) Controls floods.
(b) Used to make paper.
(c) Causes soil erosion.
(d) Resin, gum and drugs are obtained.
Answer : C
Question. The Indira Gandhi Canal has brought greenery to considerable areas of
(a) Gujarat
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Bihar
(d) Madhya Pradesh
Answer : B
Question. Which one of the following is an example of renewable resource ?
(a) Coal
(b) Petroleum
(c) Wildlife
(d) Natural gas
Answer : C
Question. Among the statements given below select the ones that correctly describe the concept of sustainable development
(i) Planned growth with minimum damage to the environment
(ii) Growth irrespective of the extent of damage caused to the environment
(iii) Stopping all developmental work to conserve the environment
(iv) Growth that is acceptable to all the stakeholders
(a) (i) and (iv)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iv)
(d) (iii) only
Answer : A
Question. What are the three R’s to save the environment?
(a) Reduce, Recycle, Reuse
(b) Replenish, Reduce, Reuse
(c) Reconstruct, Recycle, Reduce
(d) Reduce, Recycle, Remove
Answer : A
True and False :
Question. Monoculture forestry is more suitable for industries but it is not good for the environment.
Answer: True
Question. Control of local people over their own water resources may cause mismanagement and over-exploitation of these resources.
Answer: False
Question. The river water is said to be polluted with acidic wastes when the pH of river water above 7.
Answer: False
Question. Soil and water are non-renewable natural resources.
Answer: False
Question. Revival of ancient systems of water harvesting is better than big dams.
Answer: True
Important Questions for NCERT Class 10 Science Management of Natural Resources
Very Short type Questions :
Question. Define the term ‘Conservation of environment’.
Answer: Conservation of environment means ‘to keep safe the environment as it is’, i.e. the sensible use of the earth’s natural resources in order to avoid excessive degradation and betterment of the environment.
Question. Name two industries based on forest produce.
Answer: Timber industry, paper manufacturing industry, lac industry and sports equipment industry.
Question. State the main purpose of rain-water harvesting.
Answer: It is done to recharge the ground water by percolating water under the soil.
Question. Name a clean fuel other than LPG and Natural gas.
Answer: CNG.
Question. Name any two forest products, each of which is the basis for some industry.
Answer: Explanation:
(i) Pine wood for matchbox industry
(ii) Bamboo for paper industry
Question. What do you call the resources, viz, coal, petroleum, water, wildlife, etc.?
Answer: Natural resources.
Question. Which fossil fuel is conserved when we use bicycle for covering short distances instead of vehicle?
Answer: Petroleum.
Question. How does increasing demand for energy adversely affect our environment?
Answer: To meet the increased demand for energy, more and more natural resources are exploited. Pollutants are emitted during exploitation and use of natural resources which affect our environment.
Question. You must have heard the word ‘water harvesting.’ What does it mean?
Answer: It means capturing rain water or run off in a local area.
Question. What are the obj ectives of Namami Gange Programme?
Answer: Namami Gange Programme was launched to accomplish twin objectives of effective abatement of pollution and rejuvenation of river Ganga.
Short Answer Type Questions :
Question. What is “repurpose”?
Answer: Repurpose is the recovery of waste without any preprocessing.
For example, waste oils that cannot be refined for reuse in vehicles can be burnt for energy recovery.
Recovering the energy from waste oil reduces our dependence on coal and imported oil.
Question. List three advantages each of:
(i) Exploiting resources with short-term aims.
(ii) Using a long-term perspective in managing our natural resources.
Answer:
(i)
(a) Short-term exploitation will meet the demand of present generation.
(b) There will be no shortage of resources.
(c) Larger aspect regarding the details of a reserve can be studied also.
(ii)
(a) Long-term management of natural resources would meet the demand of present and future generation.
(b) No harmful impact on the environment.
(c) Equitable distribution of resources amongst the rich and poor.
Question. Major rivers in India have high bacterial contamination, Yamuna and Ganga top the list of most polluted rivers. 
The graph above shows the Distribution of total coliform bacteria in river water and biofilms. E1 to E5.
(i) Which among the following is the most polluted?
(ii) State the reason for bacterial contamination in water body.
Answer:
(i) E5 is most polluted river body.
(ii) Bacterial contamination in water is indicated by the presence of coliform bacteria. Bacterial contamination in water is mostly through untreated sewage and cause waterborne diseases.
Question. How industry is affecting the forest?
(ii) State the main aim of the management of forests and wild life.
Answer:
(i) Industries depend on forests as a resource provider and exploit all the resources to the maximum without any scope of conservation. The various industries which are based on
forest produce are; timber industry, paper manufacturing industry, 'lac' industry and sports equipment industry.
Forests are also treated as hunting and fishing sites and a source of raw materials for many industries. The deforestation caused due to the development projects and industrialisation is a serious issue.
(ii) The main aim of the management of forests and wild life is to conserve the biodiversity which we have inherited.
Question. State the significance of Chipko movement.
Answer: Chipko movement awakened people to the importance of maintaining trees as it allows a nation's ecosystem to function properly and also helps people live healthily and have a prosperous lifestyle. The Chipko movement quickly spread across communities and media, and forced the government, to whom the forest belongs, to rethink their priorities in the name of forest produce. Due to the participation of local people, it led to the efficient management of forests.
One of the movement's major successes was that the Uttar Pradesh government ensured zero tolerance for commercial forest felling and saved thousands of trees from being felled, which resulted in the conservation of abundant forest resources for local benefits.
The Chipko movement was a movement in India to protect forests. Thus, individuals took up this campaign and organised a number of demonstrations to raise people's consciousness. They protested against logging operations for trade. And deforestation has finally been stopped.
Question. What changes can you make in your habits to become more environmentallyfriendly?
Answer: We can make the following changes in our habits:
(a) We can segregate biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes and dispose them in separate dustbins.
(b) We can collect paper, plastics, metals, glass apparatus and recycle them to make new products.
(c) By closing the water taps and repairing leaky pipes and taps on time to save water.
(d) By switching off lights, fans, computer, television etc., when not in use.
(e) By using solar energy for cooking, heating water etc., instead of using fossil fuels.
(f) By planting more trees.
(g) By reusing things instead of throwing away. Example – old clothes, toys etc., can be given to needy people, plastic bottles of jam, pickles can be used to store other things etc.
Question. Suggest ways to strike a balance between environment and development?
Answer:
(a) Use of renewable sources of energy instead of nonrenewable sources.
(b) Large scale afforestation programmes should be carried out and use of forest resources effectively.
(c) Segregation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes and use of recycling technology for efficient use of resources.
Long Answer Type Questions :
Question. Differentiate between watershed management and Water Harvesting.
Answer: 
Question. How can you as an individual contribute or make a difference to the management of:
(i) Forests and wildlife
(i) Water resources
(i) Coal and petroleum
Answer:
(i) Forests and wild life:
(a) Large scale afforestation programmes.
(b) Avoid cutting down of trees.
(c) To educate people about the importance of forests by organising events, programs and campaigns.
(ii) Water resources:
(a) By closing the water taps and repairing leaky pipes and taps to save water.
(b) Harvesting and conserving water.
(c) Avoid polluting water and create awareness among people to save water.
(iii) Coal and petroleum:
(a) Minimum utilisation of fossil fuels and using more alternative sources of energy like solar energy.
(b) We can use public transport instead of our personal vehicles.
(c) We can walk to nearby places instead of using vehicles.
(d) Proper maintenance of vehicles and use of efficient internal combustion engines.
(e) Use of CNG instead of petrol or diesel.
Question. The environmentalists are insisting upon “sustainable natural resource management”. State its advantages ?
Answer: The advantages of sustainable natural resource management are :
(a) It provides resources for the benefit of both present and future generations.
(b) It would reduce pollution and helps in conservation ofnatural resources.
(c) It enables equal distribution of resources to everyone whether rich or poor.
(d) It provides steady economic growth and misuse of natural resources.
Question. List few problems that may arise by planting trees of single variety over vast tracts of forest?
Answer: The problems which arise by planting trees of single variety over vast tracts of forest are:
(a) Loss of biodiversity.
(b) Various needs of the local people cannot be met by monoculture.
(c) If a disease occurs to that particular plant it would affect large areas.
(d) Different organisms require different types of food from different plants but if one variety of plants is planted many organisms will not get food.
Question. Answer the following: 
(i) Locate and name the water reservoirs in figure A and B.
(ii) Which has an advantage over the other and why?
Figure (A) Figure (B)
Answer:
(i) A is pond and B is underground water body.
(ii) Underground water body has an advantage over pond as:
(a) Water is lost by evaporation.
(b) Water does not get contaminated due to human activities.
(c) It does not serve as a breeding place for mosquitoes, flies which are carriers of several diseases.
(d) It provides moisture for vegetation over a large area.
(e) It spreads out to recharge wells.
♦ Natural Resources :-
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question. What is a natural resource?
Answer : All the material we obtain from nature and use it is called natural resource.
Question. What are 3 R’s used to save environment?
Answer : Reduce, Recycle and Reuse.
Question. Name the bacteria whose presence in the water indicates its contamination with disease causing microbes.
Answer : Coliform bacteria.
Question. State 2 advantages of constructing dam across a river.
Answer : It helps in generating electricity in irrigation.
Question. Who started the “Chipko Movement”?
Answer : Sunderlal Bahuguna.
Question. Name the gas responsible for global warming.
Answer : Carbon dioxide and methane.
Question. Name any one stake holder.
Answer : Bishnoi community in Rajasthan.
Question. What are the products formed when coal and petroleum are burnt?
Answer : Carbon dioxide, water, oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question. How does mining cause pollution?
Answer : Mining causes pollution because if produces large amount of slag which is discarded for every tonne of metal that is extracted.
Question. For the conservation of forest who can be a stakeholder.
Answer : (i) The people who live in or around forest.
(ii) The forest department of the government.
(iii) The industrialists.
(iv) The wildlife and nature enthusiasts who want to conserve nature.
Question. Name two industries based on forest produce.
Answer : Paper industries, bamboo, bidi and tendu leaves industries.
Question. What is water harvesting? What is the main purpose of water harvesting?
Answer : Rain water harvesting is collecting the rain water, allowing it to percolate, discharge down the earth and increase the ground water level. It is done to manage water.
Question. A tribe is living near the forest. Name two things which they will commonly use from forest.
Answer : Tribe will use timber, firewood, fruits, gum, medicines from the forest.
Question. Write two advantages of classifying sources as renewable and non-renewable.
Answer : Classification of resources helps us in deciding the kind of resource we should use judiciously and wisely. The resource that is not limited. It also helps us to know the importance of using renewable source of energy.
Question. Explain 3R’s with one example each.
Answer : Reduce—Less use of products like paper, clothes, plastic, wood, coal, petroleum so that it is not exploited from the nature.
Recycle—To make new items from the used articles like plastic, paper, wood, glass etc.
Reuse—Use the same thing again and again. E.g., use the jam and pickle containers for keeping kitchen stuff etc.
Question. What are the advantages of water stored in ground?
Answer : (i) Does not evaporate.
(ii) Recharges wells.
(iii) No danger of mosquito breeding.
(iv) Better availability of potable water.
Question. What are three basic cause that has brought criticisms about large dams projects?
Answer : (i) Social problem—as its construction displaces large number of tribals and local peasants without proper compensation and rehabilitation.
(ii) Economic problem—such projects need lot of money for the setup or construction without much of out-put or benefit.
(iii) Environmental problem—the construction causes deforestration and loss of biological diversity.
Question. List two traditional system of water harvesting.
Answer : Khadim, tanks and nadis in Rajasthan, bandharas and tals in Maharashtra.
Question. What are fossil fuels? How are they formed? Why should we use them judiciously?
Answer : Fossil fuels are obtained from the remains of plants and animals which got burried under the earth some millions of year ago. They changed into fuel due to tremendous heat and pressure.
The fossil fuels should be used judiciously because they are non-renewable resources, and can not be made again. It releases harmful and polluting gases like CO2, which causes green house effect and oxides of nitrogen and sulphur which causes acid rain.
Question. What is rain water harvesting? How can it be done at local level? What are its benefits?
Answer : Rain water harvesting is the indigenous water saving methods to capture every trickle of water that had fallen on land. For this we need to dig small pits and lakes, build small earthen dams, construct dykes, sand and lime stone reservoirs, set up roof top water collecting units. This will recharge ground water levels and bring rivers back to life.
Water harvesting techniques give people control over their local water resources, ensures, that the mismanagement and over exploitation of these resources is reduced/removed.
The advantage of water stored in the ground are many. It does not evaporate, but spreads out to recharge wells and provide moisture for vegetation over a wide area.
It does not provide breeding area for mosquitoes. It is also protected from contamination by human and animal waste.
Value Based Questions
Question. Pritam stays in a village near a forest. He plays the best role of being a stakeholder of the forest by taking care of it, reporting on illegal cutting down of trees and forest fire etc.
(a) Name two industries based on forest produce.
(b) Give two causes of forest depletion in India.
(c) What values are reflected in Pritam?
Answer : (a) Paper, timber.
(b) Deforestation and forest fires.
(c) Pritam shows the values of personal responsibility and participating citizenship.
Question. Today we encounter the problem of water shortage, although it rains well in rainy season.
‘Khushi society’ has made a provision of rainwater harvesting.
(a) Suggest two methods of rain water harvesting.
(b) How can you store water without any water-borne diseases and germs multiplying in it?
(c) What values are seen in the members of society?
Answer : (a) Roof top and underground rain water harvesting.
(b) In close tanks and underground tanks.
(c) Members show responsible behaviour, socially just interaction and team work.
1. What is considered as eco –religion?
2. How did ’Chipko Andolan’ ultimately benefit the local population?
3. What are ‘Biodiversity hot spots’? What is the measure of biodiversity in an area? How is it being affected?
4. Why do you think there should be equitable distribution of resources? What forces would be working against an equitable distribution of our resources?
5. Why do we need to resort to water harvesting when we can collect rain water and use it?
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CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources HOTS
We hope students liked the above HOTS for Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources designed as per the latest syllabus for Class 10 Science released by CBSE. Students of Class 10 should download the High Order Thinking Skills Questions and Answers in Pdf format and practice the questions and solutions given in above Class 10 Science HOTS Questions on daily basis. All latest HOTS with answers have been developed for Science by referring to the most important and regularly asked topics that the students should learn and practice to get better score in school tests and examinations. Studiestoday is the best portal for Class 10 students to get all latest study material free of cost.
HOTS for Science CBSE Class 10 Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
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Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources HOTS Science CBSE Class 10
All HOTS given above for Class 10 Science have been made as per the latest syllabus and books issued for the current academic year. The students of Class 10 can refer to the answers which have been also provided by our teachers for all HOTS of Science so that you are able to solve the questions and then compare your answers with the solutions provided by us. We have also provided lot of MCQ questions for Class 10 Science in the HOTS so that you can solve questions relating to all topics given in each chapter. All study material for Class 10 Science students have been given on studiestoday.
Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources CBSE Class 10 HOTS Science
Regular HOTS practice helps to gain more practice in solving questions to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources concepts. HOTS play an important role in developing an understanding of Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in CBSE Class 10. Students can download and save or print all the HOTS, printable assignments, and practice sheets of the above chapter in Class 10 Science in Pdf format from studiestoday. You can print or read them online on your computer or mobile or any other device. After solving these you should also refer to Class 10 Science MCQ Test for the same chapter
CBSE HOTS Science Class 10 Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
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You can download the CBSE HOTS for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources for latest session from StudiesToday.com
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Regular revision of HOTS given on studiestoday for Class 10 subject Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources can help you to score better marks in exams
Yes, HOTS questions are important for Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Class 10 Science exams as it helps to assess your ability to think critically, apply concepts, and display understanding of the subject.