NCERT Book Class 9 Maths Introduction To Euclids Geometry

(A) Main Concepts and Results
Points, Line, Plane or surface, Axiom, Postulate and Theorem, The Elements, Shapes of altars or vedis in ancient India, Equivalent versions of Euclid’s fifth Postulate, Consistency of a system of axioms.
Ancient India
• The geometry of the Vedic period originated with the construction of altars (or vedis) and fireplaces for performing Vedic rites. Square and circular altars were
used for household rituals, while altars, whose shapes were combinations ofrectangles, triangles and trapeziums, were required for public worship.
Egypt, Babylonia and Greece
• Egyptians developed a number of geometric techniques and rules for calculating simple areas and doing simple constructions. Babylonians and Egyptains used
geometry mostly for practical purposes and did very little to develop it as a systematic science. The Greeks were interested in establishing the truth of the statements they discovered using deductive reasoning. A Greek mathematician, Thales is created with giving the first known proof.
Euclid’s Elements
• Euclid around 300 B.C. collected all known work in the field of mathematics and arranged it in his famous treatise called Elements. Euclid assumed certain properties, which were not to be proved. These assumptions are actually “obvious universal truths”. He divided them into two types.

Please refer to attached file for NCERT Class 9 Maths Introduction To Euclid’s Geometry