CBSE Class 8 Social Science Chapter 04 The Role Of The Judiciary In Our Society MCQs Set 02

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for Class 8 Social Science: Chapter 04 The Role Of The Judiciary In Our Society

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Practice Chapter 04 The Role Of The Judiciary In Our Society MCQs for Class 8 Social Science

Access the complete set of multiple-choice questions for Chapter 04 The Role Of The Judiciary In Our Society below. This focused format allows students to isolate specific topics for thorough review and uninterrupted practice alongside official CBSE textbooks.

Question: According to the chapter, what is the primary purpose of justice in any society?
A. To punish those who break laws harshly and without mercy
B. To maintain peace and harmony by ensuring individuals can live with equality and dignity
C. To give the government absolute power over citizens' actions
D. To allow the wealthy to gain advantage over the poor in legal matters
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) To maintain peace and harmony by ensuring individuals can live with equality and dignity

Explanation:
The chapter explicitly states that justice is essential for maintaining peace and harmony in any society and ensures that individuals can live with equality and dignity.

Question: What was the main issue with laws like the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871, and the Vernacular Press Act, 1878?
A. They were too lenient on criminals
B. They were not enforced properly by courts
C. They labeled entire communities as criminals by birth and restricted freedom of press respectively
D. They gave too much power to the judiciary
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (C) They labeled entire communities as criminals by birth and restricted freedom of press respectively

Explanation:
The chapter describes these colonial-era laws as discriminatory and contrary to democratic principles—the Criminal Tribes Act labeled certain communities as criminals by birth, and the Vernacular Press Act restricted freedom of press. Both were repealed after independence.

Question: Which of the following best explains the difference between substantive justice and procedural justice?
A. Substantive justice is faster while procedural justice is slower
B. Substantive justice focuses on the fairness of the outcome while procedural justice ensures every person gets a full hearing before a decision
C. Procedural justice only applies to criminal cases while substantive justice applies to civil cases
D. They are the same concept with different names
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Substantive justice focuses on the fairness of the outcome while procedural justice ensures every person gets a full hearing before a decision

Explanation:
• Substantive justice: focuses on whether the final result is actually fair, just, and reasonable
• Procedural justice: ensures every person involved gets full opportunity of hearing before the court decides
• Both are equally important aspects of a complete justice system.

Question: How many judges currently comprise the strength of the Supreme Court of India?
A. 30 judges including the Chief Justice
B. 31 judges including the Chief Justice
C. 34 judges including the Chief Justice
D. 25 judges including the Chief Justice
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (C) 34 judges including the Chief Justice

Explanation:
The chapter states the current strength of the Supreme Court is 33+1, meaning one Chief Justice of India and 33 Supreme Court judges, totaling 34 judges.

Question: What is the meaning of the Sanskrit motto on the Supreme Court's logo?
A. Justice is the foundation of society
B. Where there is dharma, there is victory
C. Truth always prevails in the end
D. The law is the supreme authority
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Where there is dharma, there is victory

Explanation:
'Yato dharmastato jayah' translates to 'Where there is dharma, there is victory,' emphasizing the court's commitment to righteousness and justice.

Question: Under which Article can a citizen file a Writ Petition before a High Court to enforce Fundamental Rights?
A. Article 21
B. Article 124
C. Article 226
D. Article 227
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (C) Article 226

Explanation:
Article 226 allows citizens to file Writ Petitions before High Courts for violations of Fundamental Rights within the territorial limits of that state.

Question: What was the first reported Public Interest Litigation case in India about?
A. Environmental pollution by factories
B. Sexual harassment at the workplace
C. Release of under-trial prisoners who had served longer than their potential sentence
D. Child labor in mines
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (C) Release of under-trial prisoners who had served longer than their potential sentence

Explanation:
Mrs. Kapila Hingorani filed the first reported PIL case after reading in the newspaper about prisoners undergoing trial who had been in jail longer than their potential punishment, leading to the release of about 40,000 under-trial prisoners throughout India.

Question: Which of the following tribunals would be the appropriate forum to resolve a dispute between a consumer and a builder regarding incomplete construction?
A. National Green Tribunal
B. Armed Forces Tribunal
C. Consumer Fora
D. Central Administrative Tribunal
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (C) Consumer Fora

Explanation:
The chapter includes an example of a family that went to the National Consumer Commission (Consumer Fora) to complain when a builder failed to deliver their flat, demonstrating that consumer disputes are handled through these specialized tribunals.

Question: What is the key difference between mediation and arbitration as alternative dispute resolution methods?
A. Mediation is only for criminal cases while arbitration is for civil cases
B. A mediator facilitates mutual settlement with no power to impose a decision, while an arbitrator's decision is final and legally binding
C. Arbitration is faster than mediation
D. Both methods have exactly the same process and outcome
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) A mediator facilitates mutual settlement with no power to impose a decision, while an arbitrator's decision is final and legally binding

Explanation:
Mediation involves a neutral person assisting parties in reaching their own settlement without decision-making power, whereas arbitration involves an independent adjudicator whose decision is final and legally binding on all parties.

Question: What is the primary objective of establishing Gram Nyayalayas according to the chapter?
A. To increase the number of judges in the country
B. To decentralise the judicial system and reduce the burden on regular courts through village-level courts with simplified procedures
C. To replace High Courts in rural areas
D. To handle only criminal cases in villages
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) To decentralise the judicial system and reduce the burden on regular courts through village-level courts with simplified procedures

Explanation:
Gram Nyayalayas are established under the Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008, functioning as mobile village-level courts designed to adjudicate disputes using simplified procedures without technical complexities, thereby decentralising justice and reducing burden on regular courts.

Question: How are judges of the High Court appointed in India?
A. By the Chief Justice of India alone
B. By the President of India in consultation with the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the State, and the Chief Justice of that High Court
C. By the State legislature
D. By a committee of retired judges
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) By the President of India in consultation with the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the State, and the Chief Justice of that High Court

Explanation:
The chapter specifies that High Court judges are appointed by the President of India in consultation with three parties: the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the State, and the Chief Justice of the concerned High Court.

Question: Which digital initiative at the Supreme Court displays real-time judicial data and emphasises transparency and accountability?
A. e-Filing system
B. Virtual Justice Clock
C. National Judicial Data Grid
D. Live streaming of court proceedings
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Virtual Justice Clock

Explanation:
Since 2024-2025, the Virtual Justice Clock has been positioned at the main entrance gates of the Supreme Court of India, reinforcing the Court's commitment to transparency, accountability and free access to real-time judicial data.

Question: What is the territorial scope of jurisdiction for a High Court?
A. It extends across all of India like the Supreme Court
B. It exercises its powers only within its territorial limits as defined by the Constitution
C. It can hear cases from any state as it chooses
D. It has no territorial restrictions
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) It exercises its powers only within its territorial limits as defined by the Constitution

Explanation:
The chapter clearly states that each High Court exercises its powers within its territorial limits, and the High Court entertains appeals against decisions of subordinate courts within its designated territorial jurisdiction.

Question: Why did the chapter mention examples of unjust laws from countries like the United States and South Africa?
A. To criticise democratic systems in general
B. To show that even democratic nations once had discriminatory laws that contradicted justice principles, similar to colonial-era laws in India that were later repealed
C. To suggest India's laws are superior to other countries
D. To explain why the Supreme Court is more powerful than other governments
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) To show that even democratic nations once had discriminatory laws that contradicted justice principles, similar to colonial-era laws in India that were later repealed

Explanation:
By discussing Jim Crow laws in the USA and apartheid laws in South Africa, the chapter illustrates how societies can create unjust laws that restrict citizens' rights and dignity, drawing a parallel to India's experience with discriminatory colonial laws that were eventually repealed post-independence.

Question: According to the chapter, what roles do Lok Adalats serve in the Indian judicial system?
A. They replace regular courts entirely
B. They function as people's courts to settle disputes amicably, reduce judicial backlog, and can be approached either before or after cases reach courts
C. They only handle environmental disputes
D. They have the same powers as the Supreme Court
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) They function as people's courts to settle disputes amicably, reduce judicial backlog, and can be approached either before or after cases reach courts

Explanation:
• Lok Adalats are special forums where disputes can be settled amicably
• They can resolve disputes pending in courts or be approached before going to court
• They aim to reduce judicial backlog while promoting amicable dispute resolution without formal adjudication
• They are rooted in principles of access to justice with statutory recognition under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.

Question: What is the fundamental purpose that justice serves in maintaining the health of a society, according to the chapter?
A. It provides employment opportunities for lawyers and judges
B. It ensures individuals can live with equality and dignity while maintaining peace and harmony
C. It generates revenue for the government through court fees
D. It allows the wealthy to control legal outcomes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) It ensures individuals can live with equality and dignity while maintaining peace and harmony

Explanation:
The chapter explicitly states that justice is essential for maintaining peace and harmony in any society, ensuring that individuals can live with equality and dignity. This foundation underpins the entire judicial system's role in a democratic state.

Question: Which colonial-era laws were specifically repealed by independent India because they were discriminatory and violated democratic principles?
A. The Factories Act and the Trade Marks Act
B. The Criminal Tribes Act, 1871, and the Vernacular Press Act, 1878
C. The Hindu Marriage Act and the Muslim Personal Law
D. The Land Acquisition Act and the Forest Conservation Act
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) The Criminal Tribes Act, 1871, and the Vernacular Press Act, 1878

Explanation:
The chapter names these two specific laws: the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871, which labeled certain communities as criminals by birth, and the Vernacular Press Act, 1878, which restricted freedom of press. Both were considered inconsistent with democratic values and justice principles, leading to their repeal.

Question: How does the power of superintendence granted to High Courts under Article 227 differ from their appellate jurisdiction?
A. Superintendence is for financial auditing while appellate jurisdiction handles criminal cases
B. Superintendence is supervisory to ensure subordinate courts stay within their authority; appellate jurisdiction reviews decisions on merit
C. Superintendence allows direct overturning of judgments while appellate jurisdiction only suggests improvements
D. There is no practical difference between the two powers
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Superintendence is supervisory to ensure subordinate courts stay within their authority; appellate jurisdiction reviews decisions on merit

Explanation:
• Superintendence (Article 227) is supervisory in nature—ensuring subordinate courts and tribunals act within bounds of authority and jurisdiction
• Appellate jurisdiction entertains appeals against decisions of subordinate courts in civil and criminal matters
• Superintendence is to be exercised sparingly and is distinct from reviewing cases on their merits.

Question: What prompted the government to replace the Indian Penal Code, 1860, Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, and Indian Evidence Act, 1872 with new legislation in 2023?
A. International pressure from neighbouring countries
B. The need to facilitate faster justice, enable digital evidence use, and provide better victim protection while modernizing the system
C. A decline in the number of practicing lawyers
D. Demands from the executive branch to reduce judicial independence
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) The need to facilitate faster justice, enable digital evidence use, and provide better victim protection while modernizing the system

Explanation:
The chapter's 'Don't Miss Out' section explains that these three laws were replaced by the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 respectively, with the explicit aim of facilitating faster justice, incorporating digital evidence, and ensuring better victim protection while making the system modern, transparent and effective.

Question: In the PIL case involving Mrs. Kapila Hingorani, what was the broader impact of the Supreme Court's decision beyond the immediate case?
A. It established new rules for prison visitation rights
B. It led to the establishment of new prisons across India
C. It resulted in guidelines for the release of nearly 40,000 under-trial prisoners throughout the country
D. It created a new tribunal specifically for prisoner disputes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (C) It resulted in guidelines for the release of nearly 40,000 under-trial prisoners throughout the country

Explanation:
While Mrs. Kapila Hingorani's original writ petition secured release of under-trial prisoners in Bihar who had served longer than their potential sentences, the Supreme Court's response had national reach—it issued guidelines leading to the release of almost 40,000 under-trial prisoners across India, demonstrating the power of PIL to address systemic issues.

Question: According to the chapter, what is the key distinction that makes Gram Nyayalayas different from regular district courts?
A. They have jurisdiction over all types of crimes including murder
B. They operate as mobile village-level courts using simplified procedures without technical formalities
C. They can only handle commercial disputes involving large sums
D. They report directly to the Supreme Court rather than High Courts
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) They operate as mobile village-level courts using simplified procedures without technical formalities

Explanation:
Gram Nyayalayas, established under the Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008, function as mobile, village-level courts with simplified procedure and no technicalities. Their design specifically aims to decentralize the judicial system and bring justice closer to rural populations while reducing burden on regular courts.

Question: Between the Mediation Act, 2023, and the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, which addresses the scenario where a neutral third party assists disputing parties but cannot impose a binding decision?
A. Both acts address this equally
B. The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996
C. The Mediation Act, 2023
D. Neither act allows this arrangement
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (C) The Mediation Act, 2023

Explanation:
The Mediation Act, 2023, governs mediation where a neutral mediator assists parties in reaching mutual settlement but has no power to make decisions or impose views. In contrast, arbitration (under the 1996 Act) results in a final and legally binding decision by the arbitrator.

Question: Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between substantive justice and procedural justice as explained in the chapter?
A. Substantive justice is more important than procedural justice in all cases
B. Both are equally necessary—substantive justice ensures fair outcomes while procedural justice ensures everyone gets a hearing before decisions are made
C. Procedural justice is outdated and has been replaced by substantive justice in modern courts
D. They refer to the same concept using different terminology
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Both are equally necessary—substantive justice ensures fair outcomes while procedural justice ensures everyone gets a hearing before decisions are made

Explanation:
The chapter presents these as two complementary aspects of justice. Substantive justice examines whether decisions are actually fair and reasonable, while procedural justice ensures every person involved gets a full opportunity to present their case before a decision is reached. Together they ensure both fair outcomes and fair processes.

Question: What structural arrangement in India's High Court system creates a situation where the number of High Courts is fewer than the number of States?
A. Some states lack the funds to maintain their own courts
B. Two or more states or union territories share a common High Court
C. The Constitution limits the total number of High Courts to 25
D. High Court judges serve multiple states sequentially rather than simultaneously
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Two or more states or union territories share a common High Court

Explanation:
The chapter explicitly states that while India has 28 States, there are 25 High Courts because in some cases, two or more States or Union Territories share a common High Court. The table provides examples such as the Bombay High Court serving Maharashtra, Goa, and the Union Territories of Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu.

Question: How does the National Judicial Data Grid serve the broader goal of making the judicial system more accessible and transparent?
A. It increases court fees to fund technology upgrades
B. It provides a portal allowing the public to access case details and court orders in multiple languages without relying solely on lawyers
C. It restricts access to court information to reduce fraudulent claims
D. It transfers all judicial powers to digital systems
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) It provides a portal allowing the public to access case details and court orders in multiple languages without relying solely on lawyers

Explanation:
The chapter explains that the National Judicial Data Grid is a portal making copies of court orders and judgements freely available in multiple languages. This allows anyone to read and understand court proceedings directly, reducing dependency on lawyers and enhancing public access to judicial information.

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Chapter 04 The Role Of The Judiciary In Our Society Objective Questions & Solutions for Class 8 Social Science

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