CBSE Class 8 Social Science Chapter 04 The Role Of The Judiciary In Our Society MCQs Set 03

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Chapter 04 The Role Of The Judiciary In Our Society

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Question: Which of the following best describes why the Preamble to the Constitution emphasizes the provision of social, economic, and political justice?
A. To limit the powers of the judiciary over legislative matters
B. To establish a foundation for ensuring fair treatment and peaceful living for all citizens in a democratic republic
C. To grant exclusive authority to the executive branch in distributing resources
D. To create separate legal systems for different social classes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) To establish a foundation for ensuring fair treatment and peaceful living for all citizens in a democratic republic

Explanation:
The Preamble promises these three forms of justice to establish that independent India would be built on principles of fairness and equality for all its citizens, forming the basis for a just democratic society.

Question: When the chapter discusses Jim Crow laws and apartheid in South Africa, what point is being illustrated about the relationship between laws and justice?
A. That laws are always fair if they are formally enacted by a government
B. That laws can themselves be unjust and inconsistent with basic principles of human dignity and equality
C. That international laws are stronger than national laws in protecting citizens
D. That justice only matters in developed democratic countries
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) That laws can themselves be unjust and inconsistent with basic principles of human dignity and equality

Explanation:
Both examples show how governments can use the legal framework to discriminate and deny dignity to people based on race—demonstrating that not all laws serve justice and some must be repealed.

Question: What is the connection between the judiciary's independence from the legislature and executive, and its ability to perform fair adjudication of disputes?
A. Independence allows judges to make decisions without worrying about public opinion
B. Independence prevents judges from being influenced by political pressure or executive interests when interpreting laws
C. Independence means the judiciary can operate without any oversight or accountability
D. Independence is necessary only for criminal cases, not civil matters
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Independence prevents judges from being influenced by political pressure or executive interests when interpreting laws

Explanation:
An independent judiciary ensures that disputes are resolved based on law and Constitution rather than political considerations, which is essential for fair justice delivery.

Question: Which aspect of justice emphasizes that every person involved in a case should have a fair opportunity to present their viewpoint before a decision is made?
A. Substantive justice, which focuses on outcomes
B. Procedural justice, which ensures fair process and hearing
C. Restorative justice, which aims to repair harm
D. Punitive justice, which emphasizes punishment
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Procedural justice, which ensures fair process and hearing

Explanation:
Procedural justice is fundamentally about process—ensuring everyone gets their day in court and that the innocent-until-proven-guilty principle is upheld throughout proceedings.

Question: The Supreme Court's role as 'the final interpreter of the Constitution of India' means that
A. The Supreme Court can amend the Constitution whenever it disagrees with Parliament
B. Decisions and interpretations made by the Supreme Court about the Constitution are binding on all other courts in India
C. The Supreme Court has authority only over constitutional matters and cannot handle regular criminal or civil cases
D. Other courts may ignore Supreme Court interpretations if they believe they are unfair
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Decisions and interpretations made by the Supreme Court about the Constitution are binding on all other courts in India

Explanation:
Article 141 establishes that the law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all courts within India's territory, giving it ultimate authority in constitutional interpretation.

Question: Why would a High Court exercise supervisory control over subordinate courts under Article 227 rather than simply using its appellate powers?
A. Supervisory control allows faster case disposal without proper legal procedures
B. Supervisory control is used to ensure subordinate courts act within their jurisdiction and authority, even when no specific case is being appealed
C. Supervisory control gives the High Court power to punish judges who make mistakes
D. Appellate powers and supervisory control are identical and used interchangeably
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Supervisory control is used to ensure subordinate courts act within their jurisdiction and authority, even when no specific case is being appealed

Explanation:
Supervisory control is preventive and broader—it ensures proper functioning of all subordinate courts within territorial limits, whereas appellate jurisdiction only addresses specific cases that have been formally appealed.

Question: How does the establishment of specialized tribunals like the National Green Tribunal and NCLT contribute to the overall functioning of the judicial system?
A. They replace the need for courts entirely and make the judiciary irrelevant
B. They handle specific categories of disputes more efficiently, reducing burden on regular courts while providing expert-level adjudication
C. They have more power than the Supreme Court in their respective areas
D. They are only used when regular courts refuse to hear a case
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) They handle specific categories of disputes more efficiently, reducing burden on regular courts while providing expert-level adjudication

Explanation:
Tribunals address specific dispute categories with specialized expertise—environmental issues, corporate disputes, consumer matters—allowing courts to focus on other cases and improving overall justice delivery efficiency.

Question: Which of the following best explains why Lok Adalats are described as 'people's courts' that function without the rigours of formal adjudication?
A. They are informal courts that ignore constitutional protections for the accused
B. They aim to resolve disputes through amicable settlement with simplified procedures, making justice more accessible to ordinary citizens
C. They have authority to overturn decisions made by High Courts
D. They replace the need for trained lawyers and legal expertise
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) They aim to resolve disputes through amicable settlement with simplified procedures, making justice more accessible to ordinary citizens

Explanation:
Lok Adalats prioritize accessible, simplified dispute resolution rooted in principles of justice for all—operating with less legal technicality so common people can seek remedies without complicated court procedures.

Question: Why would a retired judge, a lawyer, or an expert all be considered equally qualified to serve as an arbitrator in alternative dispute resolution?
A. Because any person can make binding legal decisions if both parties agree
B. Because arbitration values expertise and fairness over formal judicial position—what matters is the ability to understand the dispute and decide impartially
C. Because the arbitrator's decision is not legally binding anyway
D. Because only retired judges are actually qualified, and lawyers and experts are not permitted
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Because arbitration values expertise and fairness over formal judicial position—what matters is the ability to understand the dispute and decide impartially

Explanation:
Arbitration prioritizes competence, fairness, and impartiality over judicial rank. An expert in a specific field can adjudicate disputes in that field as effectively as a judge, as long as they act fairly and allow both parties to present their cases.

Question: The Mediation Act, 2023, governs mediation in India. What is a key functional limitation that distinguishes a mediator from other dispute resolvers?
A. A mediator can impose binding decisions on parties who refuse to cooperate
B. A mediator has power to award compensation or determine guilt
C. A mediator cannot make decisions or impose a view—they only assist parties in reaching mutual agreement
D. A mediator can force parties to accept a settlement even if they disagree
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (C) A mediator cannot make decisions or impose a view—they only assist parties in reaching mutual agreement

Explanation:
Unlike arbitrators or judges, mediators lack decision-making authority. Their role is facilitating communication and helping disputing parties reach their own settlement, preserving party autonomy throughout the process.

Question: Which statement best captures why the chapter emphasizes that the judiciary remains independent from both the legislature and the executive?
A. Independence allows judges to make laws without consulting Parliament
B. Independence ensures the judiciary can enforce constitutional limits on legislature and executive power, preventing any branch from becoming too powerful
C. Independence means judges can ignore the Constitution when they disagree with it
D. Independence is only necessary during elections, not in regular governance
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Independence ensures the judiciary can enforce constitutional limits on legislature and executive power, preventing any branch from becoming too powerful

Explanation:
Separation of powers requires judicial independence so the courts can serve as a check on the other two branches—ensuring laws are constitutional and the executive stays within its powers.

Question: How do digital initiatives like e-Filing, live streaming of court proceedings, and translation of judgments in multiple Indian languages advance the fundamental principle of access to justice?
A. They eliminate the need for lawyers entirely
B. They allow more people to understand and participate in the judicial system, reducing barriers based on location, language, or economic resources
C. They give judges more power to make decisions without public scrutiny
D. They replace the formal court system with online arbitration only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) They allow more people to understand and participate in the judicial system, reducing barriers based on location, language, or economic resources

Explanation:
• Making court information accessible online and in multiple languages breaks down practical barriers
• Live streaming and free judgment copies let citizens observe proceedings and understand justice delivery
• These initiatives democratize access—people need not travel or pay intermediaries to know what courts do

Question: The chapter mentions that over 1500 laws from the British colonial era were repealed post-independence. What was the primary reason for this systematic legal review and repeal?
A. To punish British officials who had drafted the original laws
B. To reduce the total number of laws in India regardless of their merit or fairness
C. To eliminate laws that were discriminatory and contrary to democratic and constitutional principles of justice and equality
D. To prove that India's new government was stronger than the British administration
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (C) To eliminate laws that were discriminatory and contrary to democratic and constitutional principles of justice and equality

Explanation:
Colonial-era laws like the Criminal Tribes Act and Vernacular Press Act were fundamentally at odds with the Constitution's values of equality, liberty, and dignity. Their repeal reflected India's commitment to building a just democratic republic.

Question: What does the Supreme Court's power under Article 142 to 'pass any order necessary for doing complete justice' reveal about the court's approach to substantive justice?
A. It allows the Supreme Court to ignore the Constitution to achieve fair outcomes
B. It reveals that substantive justice sometimes requires flexibility beyond strict legal procedures to achieve fair and complete resolution
C. It means the Supreme Court can punish any government official without trial
D. It suggests that procedural justice is not important if the outcome feels fair
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) It reveals that substantive justice sometimes requires flexibility beyond strict legal procedures to achieve fair and complete resolution

Explanation:
Article 142 grants discretion to ensure justice is fully served—recognizing that rigid application of procedure alone might sometimes prevent fair outcomes, though this power must still operate within constitutional bounds.

Question: When the chapter describes the Preamble guaranteeing 'social, economic, and political justice,' which of these dimensions would be addressed by a PIL case seeking to clean a polluted river?
A. Only political justice, since environmental protection is a government responsibility
B. Social and economic justice, as it protects citizens' health and livelihood from pollution
C. Only economic justice, since water affects farming and industry
D. None—environmental cases are handled only by the executive branch
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Social and economic justice, as it protects citizens' health and livelihood from pollution

Explanation:
River pollution violates citizens' social rights (health and dignity) and economic rights (livelihood through clean water for irrigation/fishing)—making it appropriately addressable through PIL.

Question: What is the primary distinction between substantive justice and procedural justice in the judicial system?
A. Substantive justice determines whether a decision is fair and reasonable, while procedural justice ensures everyone gets a chance to be heard before a decision is made
B. Substantive justice is concerned with punishing wrongdoers, while procedural justice focuses on compensating victims
C. Substantive justice applies only to criminal cases, while procedural justice applies only to civil cases
D. Substantive justice requires faster case resolution, while procedural justice allows for longer deliberation periods
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Substantive justice determines whether a decision is fair and reasonable, while procedural justice ensures everyone gets a chance to be heard before a decision is made

Explanation:
The chapter clearly defines substantive justice as focusing on whether the final result or outcome is actually fair, just, and reasonable. Procedural justice, by contrast, means every person involved gets a full opportunity of hearing before a decision is taken. These are distinct aspects of justice that work together in the judicial system.

Question: Which of the following best explains why independent India repealed over 1500 laws from the British colonial era?
A. They were outdated and made governing the country more difficult
B. They contradicted the fundamental democratic principles and values of justice enshrined in the new Constitution
C. They were written in a language that citizens could no longer understand
D. They imposed excessive punishments that were considered too harsh by modern standards
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) They contradicted the fundamental democratic principles and values of justice enshrined in the new Constitution

Explanation:
The chapter explains that post-independence, hundreds of laws from the colonial era were found to be discriminatory and contrary to the fundamental principles of a democratic polity. Examples like the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871, and the Vernacular Press Act, 1878, were inconsistent with the values and principles of justice in a democratic republic.

Question: What was the central issue highlighted by the Jim Crow laws in the United States and apartheid laws in South Africa?
A. They made it impossible for people to access the legal system
B. They demonstrated how unjust laws prevent citizens from gaining access to public facilities and living with dignity
C. They proved that democratic countries could never function fairly
D. They showed that laws written in colonial times were automatically unjust
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) They demonstrated how unjust laws prevent citizens from gaining access to public facilities and living with dignity

Explanation:
Both examples illustrate the same point: unjust laws divided people based on race and prevented citizens from accessing public facilities and living a life with dignity. The chapter uses these examples to demonstrate that laws themselves can be instruments of injustice if they violate fundamental rights and equal treatment.

Question: Under which two Articles of the Constitution can citizens file Writ Petitions to enforce Fundamental Rights?
A. Articles 32 and 124
B. Articles 32 and 226
C. Articles 124 and 226
D. Articles 214 and 217
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Articles 32 and 226

Explanation:
Article 32 allows citizens to file a Writ Petition directly before the Supreme Court where an issue has all-India ramification. Article 226 allows filing before a High Court for violations affecting citizens within that State's territorial limits. Both articles specifically address enforcement of Fundamental Rights guaranteed in Part III of the Constitution.

Question: How does the role of a mediator differ fundamentally from that of an arbitrator in alternative dispute resolution?
A. A mediator decides cases faster, while an arbitrator takes longer
B. A mediator assists parties in reaching mutual settlement but cannot make decisions, whereas an arbitrator's decision is final and legally binding
C. A mediator must be a retired judge, while an arbitrator can be any qualified professional
D. A mediator works only in civil cases, while an arbitrator handles criminal matters
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) A mediator assists parties in reaching mutual settlement but cannot make decisions, whereas an arbitrator's decision is final and legally binding

Explanation:
• A mediator has no power to make any decision or impose a view on the parties
• A mediator assists disputing parties in arriving at a mutual settlement through negotiation
• An arbitrator's decision is final and legally binding on the parties and enforceable by a court
• This fundamental difference means mediation is more collaborative while arbitration is more decisive.

Question: What is the primary purpose of establishing Gram Nyayalayas according to the chapter?
A. To provide advanced legal training to future judges
B. To decentralise the judicial system and reduce the burden on regular courts by functioning as mobile, village-level courts with simplified procedures
C. To replace High Courts in rural areas
D. To handle only criminal matters and not civil disputes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) To decentralise the judicial system and reduce the burden on regular courts by functioning as mobile, village-level courts with simplified procedures

Explanation:
Gram Nyayalayas were established under the Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008, specifically to decentralise the judicial system and reduce the burden on regular courts. They function as mobile, village-level courts designed to adjudicate disputes following simplified procedures without technicalities, making justice more accessible to villagers.

Question: Which recent legislative reforms were introduced to make India's justice system faster, more transparent, and better protect victims?
A. The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, and the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
B. The Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023; Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023; and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
C. The Mediation Act, 2023, and the Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008
D. The Consumer Protection Act and the National Green Tribunal Act
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) The Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023; Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023; and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Explanation:
These three new laws replaced the Indian Penal Code, 1860; Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973; and Indian Evidence Act, 1872. They were designed to facilitate faster justice, enable use of digital evidence, and provide better protection for victims while making the system modern, transparent, and effective.

Question: What is the significance of the Sanskrit motto 'yato dharmastato jayah' on the Supreme Court of India's logo?
A. It means justice is only for the rich and powerful
B. It means where there is dharma (righteousness or justice), there is victory
C. It promises that the court will never make mistakes
D. It indicates that Hindu law principles override all other legal systems
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) It means where there is dharma (righteousness or justice), there is victory

Explanation:
The motto translates to 'Where there is dharma, there is victory.' This encapsulates the philosophical foundation of the Supreme Court—that righteous judgment and justice ultimately prevail. It reflects the court's commitment to dharma as a guiding principle in delivering justice.

Question: Why might a citizen or group approach Lok Adalats even before going to regular courts?
A. Because regular courts refuse to hear certain types of cases
B. Because Lok Adalats offer faster, amicable resolution without the rigours of formal adjudication, and can resolve disputes pending in courts or even before litigation begins
C. Because Lok Adalats have higher authority than regular courts
D. Because only Lok Adalats can impose legally binding decisions
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Because Lok Adalats offer faster, amicable resolution without the rigours of formal adjudication, and can resolve disputes pending in courts or even before litigation begins

Explanation:
Lok Adalats function as people's courts aimed at reducing judicial backlog while promoting amicable dispute resolution. They can resolve disputes already pending in courts and in some cases, parties can approach them before going to court. They operate without formal technicalities, making them accessible and efficient alternatives to traditional court proceedings.

Question: How do digital initiatives such as e-Filing and live streaming of court proceedings advance the principle of access to justice?
A. They prevent ordinary people from understanding court processes
B. They allow litigants to check case details directly, reduce reliance on lawyers, and make court proceedings transparent and accessible to the public in multiple languages
C. They are used only by wealthy litigants to gain unfair advantages
D. They replace the need for judges and judicial officers
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) They allow litigants to check case details directly, reduce reliance on lawyers, and make court proceedings transparent and accessible to the public in multiple languages

Explanation:
Digital technology has been introduced to make the judicial system more accessible and transparent. Litigants can directly check case details instead of relying solely on lawyers. Court orders and judgements are made freely available in multiple languages so anyone can read and understand proceedings. These measures reduce barriers and democratise access to judicial information.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for Class 8 Social Science Chapter 04 The Role Of The Judiciary In Our Society

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