CBSE Class 8 Social Science Chapter 04 The Role Of The Judiciary In Our Society MCQs Set 01

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Question: Which document serves as the legal foundation guaranteeing social, economic, and political justice to all Indian citizens?
A. The Indian Penal Code
B. The Preamble to the Constitution of India
C. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita
D. The Legal Services Authorities Act
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) The Preamble to the Constitution of India

Explanation:
The chapter explicitly states that the Preamble to the Constitution of India promises all Indian citizens social, economic, and political justice, and the founders of independent India established this as a sound foundation for the judicial system in a democratic society.

Question: What do we call the system that enables individuals to file complaints about grievances and ensures affected persons can present their views within the framework of law and Constitution?
A. Arbitration
B. The legislative system
C. The judicial system
D. The executive system
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (C) The judicial system

Explanation:
The chapter defines the judicial system as the mechanism allowing individuals to complain in case of grievance and enabling the affected person to place their point of view so that justice is ensured within the framework of the law and Constitution.

Question: How many High Courts currently exist in India, and why is this number fewer than the number of States?
A. 25 High Courts; some States or Union Territories share a common High Court
B. 28 High Courts; one for each State
C. 25 High Courts; some have been closed
D. 30 High Courts; new ones were recently created
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) 25 High Courts; some States or Union Territories share a common High Court

Explanation:
• India has 28 States but only 25 High Courts
• In certain cases, two or more States or Union Territories together share a common High Court
• This arrangement is shown in the detailed table in the chapter listing all High Courts and their respective jurisdictions.

Question: Under which Article of the Constitution can a citizen file a Writ Petition directly before the Supreme Court to enforce Fundamental Rights?
A. Article 214
B. Article 226
C. Article 32
D. Article 131
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (C) Article 32

Explanation:
Article 32 permits citizens to file Writ Petitions directly before the Supreme Court where the issue has national ramification, while Article 226 allows filing before High Courts for violations affecting citizens within the State's territorial limits.

Question: What was the outcome of Mrs. Kapila Hingorani's PIL case regarding under-trial prisoners?
A. The case was dismissed without any relief
B. The Supreme Court ordered the release of such prisoners and issued guidelines to release approximately 40,000 under-trial prisoners throughout India
C. Only prisoners in Bihar were released
D. The case is still pending in the courts
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) The Supreme Court ordered the release of such prisoners and issued guidelines to release approximately 40,000 under-trial prisoners throughout India

Explanation:
The first reported PIL case involved Mrs. Kapila Hingorani seeking release of under-trial prisoners who had served longer than their potential sentences. The Supreme Court responded immediately by ordering their release and issuing guidelines that resulted in nearly 40,000 under-trial prisoners being freed across India.

Question: Between substantive justice and procedural justice, which one focuses on whether the final decision is actually fair, just, and reasonable?
A. Procedural justice
B. Both are equally focused on this aspect
C. Substantive justice
D. Neither concept addresses this concern
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (C) Substantive justice

Explanation:
Substantive justice specifically asks whether the decision is actually fair, just, and reasonable as a final result or outcome. Procedural justice, by contrast, ensures every person involved receives a full opportunity to be heard before the court reaches its decision.

Question: What is the minimum number of judges that must form a 'Constitution Bench' when the President seeks the Supreme Court's opinion on a matter of public importance?
A. Two judges
B. Three judges
C. Five judges
D. Seven judges
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (C) Five judges

Explanation:
Article 143 requires that when the President of India seeks the Supreme Court's opinion on a question of law or fact of public importance, such cases must be heard by a Constitution Bench comprising not less than five judges.

Question: Which of these qualifications is NOT required for appointment as a Supreme Court Judge?
A. Must be a citizen of India
B. Must have at least five years experience as a High Court Judge
C. Must have ten years experience as an Advocate of a High Court
D. Must have previously served as a District Judge for ten years
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (D) Must have previously served as a District Judge for ten years

Explanation:
The chapter specifies three legitimate qualification pathways: being a High Court judge for five years, being a High Court advocate for ten years, or being a distinguished jurist. Prior service as a District Judge for ten years is not mentioned as a qualifying route.

Question: At what age do Supreme Court Judges retire from their position?
A. 62 years
B. 65 years
C. 60 years
D. 68 years
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) 65 years

Explanation:
The chapter clearly states that a Supreme Court Judge retires when he or she attains the age of 65 years.

Question: Which enactment governs the practice of arbitration in India?
A. The Mediation Act, 2023
B. The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996
C. The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
D. The Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996

Explanation:
Arbitration in India is specifically conducted under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, which provides the legal framework for this mode of alternative dispute resolution.

Question: What distinguishes a mediator's role from an arbitrator's role in alternative dispute resolution?
A. A mediator makes binding decisions while an arbitrator cannot
B. A mediator has no power to make decisions or impose views, while an arbitrator's decision is final and binding
C. Both have identical powers and responsibilities
D. Mediators only work in villages while arbitrators work in cities
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) A mediator has no power to make decisions or impose views, while an arbitrator's decision is final and binding

Explanation:
• A mediator assists disputing parties in arriving at mutual settlement but has no power to make decisions or impose views
• An arbitrator, by contrast, can make a final and legally binding decision on the parties
• Mediation is governed by The Mediation Act, 2023.

Question: What is the primary objective of Gram Nyayalayas as outlined in the chapter?
A. To increase the number of judges in the Supreme Court
B. To decentralize the judicial system and reduce burden on regular courts through mobile, village-level courts
C. To replace the function of High Courts
D. To serve only criminal cases in rural areas
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) To decentralize the judicial system and reduce burden on regular courts through mobile, village-level courts

Explanation:
Gram Nyayalayas, established under the Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008, function as mobile, village-level courts designed to adjudicate disputes using simplified procedures without technicalities, thereby decentralizing the judicial system and easing the load on conventional courts.

Question: Which PIL case established guidelines against sexual harassment at the workplace?
A. M.C. Mehta v. Union of India
B. Vishaka & Ors. v. State of Rajasthan
C. Kapila Hingorani case
D. National Consumer Commission case
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Vishaka & Ors. v. State of Rajasthan

Explanation:
The Vishaka & Ors. v. State of Rajasthan case resulted in the Supreme Court laying down guidelines against sexual harassment at workplace in 1997. These guidelines later formed the basis for the Government enacting the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act in 2013.

Question: What is the significance of 'Virtual Justice Clock' that was installed at the Supreme Court of India starting 2024-2025?
A. It keeps official time for the court proceedings
B. It displays real-time judicial data and reinforces the court's commitment to transparency and free access to judicial information
C. It is a decorative feature
D. It tracks judge schedules
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) It displays real-time judicial data and reinforces the court's commitment to transparency and free access to judicial information

Explanation:
The Virtual Justice Clock, prominently positioned at the main entrance gates of the Supreme Court starting 2024-2025, displays real-time judicial data and represents the Court's commitment to transparency, accountability, and free access to judicial information.

Question: Which Indian laws were recently replaced to make the justice system faster and more modern, with better victim protection?
A. Only the Indian Penal Code was replaced
B. The Indian Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure, and Indian Evidence Act were all replaced with new Bharatiya acts in 2023
C. Only procedural laws were updated
D. No laws have been replaced recently
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) The Indian Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure, and Indian Evidence Act were all replaced with new Bharatiya acts in 2023

Explanation:
• The Indian Penal Code, 1860 was replaced by Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
• The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 was replaced by Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023
• The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 was replaced by Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
• These replacements aim to facilitate faster justice, use of digital evidence, and better victim protection while modernizing the system.

Question: In the context of India's judicial hierarchy, which court serves as the final authority for interpreting the meaning and application of the Constitution?
A. High Court
B. Supreme Court
C. District Court
D. National Green Tribunal
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Supreme Court

Explanation:
The Supreme Court holds the exclusive power to provide the definitive interpretation of the Constitution of India, making it the final arbiter on all constitutional matters.

Question: When a government wants to dissolve unjust laws that contradict democratic principles, what is the formal process called?
A. Revision
B. Repeal
C. Amendment
D. Suspension
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Repeal

Explanation:
The chapter explains that India repealed over 1500 discriminatory colonial-era laws that were inconsistent with democratic values. Repeal is the term used for removing or abolishing a law.

Question: Which of the following best explains why an independent judiciary is essential for a democratic society?
A. It allows judges to make laws without any oversight
B. It ensures disputes are decided fairly and laws remain within the constitutional framework
C. It gives the executive branch complete authority over judicial decisions
D. It eliminates the need for any other government institutions
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) It ensures disputes are decided fairly and laws remain within the constitutional framework

Explanation:
• An independent judiciary ensures that disputes are resolved in a fair and just manner
• It checks that laws passed by legislature comply with the Constitution
• It prevents the executive from overstepping its constitutional role

Question: What distinguishes the jurisdiction of a High Court from that of the Supreme Court when handling appeals?
A. High Courts can hear appeals from any lower court, while the Supreme Court has no appellate power
B. The Supreme Court can only hear appeals on constitutional interpretation or substantial questions of law, while High Courts hear broader appeals
C. High Courts handle criminal cases exclusively, while the Supreme Court handles only civil cases
D. Both courts have identical appellate jurisdiction over all types of cases
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) The Supreme Court can only hear appeals on constitutional interpretation or substantial questions of law, while High Courts hear broader appeals

Explanation:
The Supreme Court's appellate jurisdiction is limited to cases involving constitutional interpretation or substantial legal questions, whereas High Courts entertain appeals against subordinate court decisions in civil and criminal matters more broadly.

Question: The Criminal Tribes Act, 1871, and the Vernacular Press Act, 1878, were repealed in India because they
A. became outdated due to passage of time
B. were found to be inconsistent with democratic principles and justice values
C. were replaced by stricter laws with similar purposes
D. were deemed too lenient on offenders
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) were found to be inconsistent with democratic principles and justice values

Explanation:
These colonial-era laws were fundamentally discriminatory and contrary to democratic principles, so they were repealed as inconsistent with India's values and constitutional framework.

Question: Under the concept of procedural justice, what is the most fundamental presumption made about an accused person?
A. They are guilty unless they can prove their innocence
B. They are innocent until proven guilty by a court
C. They must confess before any hearing takes place
D. They have no right to defend themselves in court
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) They are innocent until proven guilty by a court

Explanation:
Procedural justice ensures that every person gets a full hearing before a decision is made, and as a foundational rule, every person is presumed innocent until legally proven guilty.

Question: Which of the following is NOT an example of a specialized tribunal mentioned in the chapter?
A. National Green Tribunal for environmental disputes
B. Central Administrative Tribunal for government employee service matters
C. National Company Law Tribunal for corporate and bankruptcy disputes
D. District Magistrate Court for minor civil disagreements
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (D) District Magistrate Court for minor civil disagreements

Explanation:
District Magistrate Courts are part of the subordinate court system, not specialized tribunals. Tribunals mentioned in the chapter handle specific categories like environmental issues, corporate law, consumer disputes, and armed forces matters.

Question: Public Interest Litigation (PIL) was introduced primarily to
A. allow only wealthy individuals to file cases in court
B. address issues of broad public concern beyond individual disputes
C. prevent ordinary citizens from accessing the court system
D. create barriers to filing complaints about social issues
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) address issues of broad public concern beyond individual disputes

Explanation:
PIL was an innovation designed to address issues of public concern and expand the meaning of the Right to Life, allowing citizens to bring matters affecting society as a whole before courts, as demonstrated by the case involving under-trial prisoners.

Question: What would be the most appropriate forum for a village resident to seek justice if a nearby factory is illegally discharging pollutants into their water source?
A. Consumer Forum exclusively
B. National Green Tribunal for environmental issues
C. Only the Supreme Court in New Delhi
D. A local Gram Nyayalaya with no appeal option
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) National Green Tribunal for environmental issues

Explanation:
The National Green Tribunal specializes in environmental disputes, making it the appropriate specialized forum for issues involving pollution and environmental protection rather than general courts or consumer bodies.

Question: How does the introduction of digital technology in the judicial system serve the principle of access to justice?
A. It restricts court access to only those with internet connections
B. It allows litigants to monitor their cases directly and makes judgments publicly available in multiple languages
C. It eliminates the need for lawyers in the legal system
D. It speeds up decisions without allowing parties to present their cases
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) It allows litigants to monitor their cases directly and makes judgments publicly available in multiple languages

Explanation:
Digital initiatives like e-filing, online case tracking, live streaming of proceedings, and judgment translations empower litigants to engage with the system directly and ensure transparency and accessibility to court information for all citizens.

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