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Study Material for Class 8 Social Science Our Past III Chapter 3 Ruling the Countryside
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Class 8 Social Science Our Past III Chapter 3 Ruling the Countryside
Class 8 Social Science Ruling the Countryside Exam Notes. Please refer to the examination notes which you can use for preparing and revising for exams. These notes will help you to revise the concepts quickly and get good marks.
Covers the following topics:
- The company becomes Diwan
- Crops for Europe
- The "Blue Rebellion" and after
The Company Becomes Diwan
The Mughal Emperor Shah Alam, in 1765, appointed the East India Company as the Diwan of Bengal. The event which happened in Robert Clive's tent, was witnessed by some Englishmen and Indians. It was a majestic occasion. For the British it was a wonderful event.
Diwani made Company the chief financial administrator of the territory where it ruled. It even had to administer the land and organise its revenue administration, to meet the growing expenses of the company. As traders, the Company had to ensure products it needed to buy and sell. It moved with a lot of caution. They had to reorganise the revenue resources and clarify the rights of the people living there and produce the crops which the company required.
How did the Company get its Revenue ?
Even after becoming Diwan, the Company still considered itself basically a trader. It required a large revenue income, but did not set up a regular system of assessment and collection. Efforts were made to increase the revenue as much as possible to buy fine cotton and silk cloth at cheap rates. The value of goods bought by the Company doubled in five years. The Company no longer needed gold and silver. It could now finance the purchase of goods for export.
Gradually, however a slide took place in the economy of Bengal leading to a deep financial crisis. Artisans left village being forced to sell their goods to the Company at low prices. Peasants were unable to pay high revenue asked by the Company. Both agriculture and artisanal work showed signs of decline. In 1770, a havoc of terrible famine killed ten million people in Bengal. It wiped out one-third of Bengal's population.
The Need to Improve Agriculture
The Company officials now introduced the Permanent Settlement in 1793. Under it, the rajas and taluqdars were recognised as zamindars and were asked to collect rent from the peasants. In return they were supposed
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