Class 8 Social Science Confronting Maginalisation Exam Notes

Class 8 Social Science Confronting Maginalisation Exam Notes. Please refer to the examination notes which you can use for preparing and revising for exams. These notes will help you to revise the concepts quickly and get good marks.

Covers the following topics:

1.Invoking Fundamental Rights

2.Laws for the Marginalised

3.Protecting the Rights of Dalits and Adivasis

4.Adivasi Demand and the 1989 Act

Introduction

1.Though powerless, such groups have fought, protested and struggled against being excluded or dominated by others. They have attempted to overcome their situation by adopting a range of strategies in their long history. Religious solace, armed struggle, self improvement and education, economic uplift – there appears to be no one way of doing things. In all cases, the choice of struggle has depended on the circumstances that the marginalised find themselves in.

2.Adivasis, Dalits, Muslims, women and other marginal groups argue that simply by being citizens of a democratic country, they possess equal rights that must be respected. Many among them look up to the Constitution to address their concerns. The Constitution of India is something that marginalised groups invoke in the course of their struggles.   

 Invoking Fundamental Rights

1.The Constitution, lays down the principles that make our society and polity democratic. They are defined in and through the list of Fundamental Rights that are an important part of the Constitution. These rights are available to all Indians equally.

2.Far as the marginalised are concerned, they have drawn on these rights in two ways:

(a) first, by insisting on their Fundamental Rights, they have forced the government to recognise the injustice done to them.

(b) Second, they have insisted that the government enforce these laws.     

3.In some instances, the struggles of the marginalised have influenced the government to frame new laws, in keeping with the spirit of the Fundamental Rights.

4.Article 17 of the Constitution states that untouchability has been abolished – what this means is that no one can henceforth prevent Dalits from educating themselves, entering temples, using public facilities etc. It also means that it is wrong to practice untouchability and that this practice will not be tolerated by a democratic government. In fact, untouchability is a punishable crime now.

5.There are other sections in the Constitution that help to strengthen the argument against untouchability – for example, Article 15 of the Constitution notes that no citizen of India shall be discriminated against on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth

6.Therefore, Dalits can ‘invoke’ or ‘draw on’ a Fundamental Right (or Rights) in situations where they feel that they have been treated badly by some individual or community, or even by the government. They 

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