CBSE Class 10 Social Science Question Paper 2022 Set B

Q.

1 What was the main aim of the French revolutionaries of 1789?

Ans: To propagate Equality, Liberty and Fraternity.
                         OR
What is the meaning of concentration camps?

Ans: Concentration camp – A prison where people are detained without due process of law. The word evokes an image of a place of torture and brutal treatment

2 Which is the oldest printed Japanese book?

Ans: Diamond Sutra
                  OR
Who wrote Hard Times?

Ans: Charles Dickens.

3 “The ethnic composition of Belgium is very complex.” Support your answer with suitable arguments in favour. 

Ans:

1. Of the Belgium‟s total population, 59 per cent lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language. Another 40 per cent people live in the Wallonia region and speak French.

2. Remaining one per cent of the Belgians speak German. In the capital city Brussels, 80 per cent people speak French while 20 per cent are Dutch speaking.

4 Why is it difficult for poor to get loan from Banks?

Ans:

1. Lack of banks in rural area

2. Need of Collaterals

3. Any other relevant points. (Any one point)

5 Name two Indian Companies which are also known as MNC. 

Ans: TATA, Reliance, Infosys (Any two)

6 Why did Consumer Movement originate as a „Social force‟ in India?

Ans:

In India, the consumer movement as a „social force‟ originated with the necessity of protecting and promoting the interests of consumers against unethical and unfair trade practices.

7 Why was Frankfurt National assembly convened? Why did it fail? 

Ans:

1. On 18 May 1848, from the German regions a large number of political associations whose members were middle-class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artisans came together in the city of Frankfurt and decided to vote for an all-German National Assembly. 

2. When the deputies offered the crown on these terms to Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia, he rejected it and joined other monarchs to oppose the elected assembly. While the opposition of the aristocracy and military became stronger, the social basis of parliament eroded. The parliament was dominated by the middle classes who resisted the demands of workers and artisans and consequently lost their support. In the end troops were called in and the assembly was forced to disband. (1Mark)
                                                  OR
How did Paul Bernard argue in favour of economic development of Vietnam? Explain.

Ans:

1. Some like Paul Bernard, an influential writer and policy-maker, strongly believed that the economy of the colonies needed to be developed. He argued that the purpose of acquiring
colonies was to make profits.

2. If the economy was developed and the standard of living of the people improved, they would buy more goods. The market would consequently expand, leading to better profits for French business.

3. Bernard suggested that there were several barriers to economic growth in Vietnam: high population levels, low agricultural productivity and extensive indebtedness amongst the peasants.

8 Who brought printing to Europe? What was „vellum‟? „The production of handwritten manuscripts could not satisfy the ever-increasing demand for books‟. Why? Explain any one reason. 

Ans:

A. Marco Polo

B. Vellum – A parchment made from the skin of animals 

1. Copying was an expensive, laborious and time-consuming business.

2. Manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle, and could not be carried around or read easily.

3. Their circulation therefore remained limited. 
                                 OR
Name any one woman novelists? „Women and world of novel‟. Explain with examples. 

Ans:
A. Jane Austin, Charlotte Bronte or George Eliot (Any 2)

1. The most exciting element of the novel was the involvement of women. The eighteenth century saw the middle classes become more prosperous.

2. Women got more leisure to read as well as write novels. And novels began exploring the world of women – their emotions and identities, their experiences and problems.

3. Many novels were about domestic life. Examples. Jane Austen‟s Pride and Prejudice

4. Charlotte Bronte‟s Jane Eyre-young Jane is shown as independent and assertive.

Any Three Points 

9 What are the origins of social difference?

Ans:

1. The social differences are mostly based on accident of birth. Normally we don‟t choose to belong to our community. We belong to it simply because we were born into it.

2. We all experience social differences based on accident of birth in our everyday lives. People around us are male or female, they are tall and short, have different kinds of complexions, or have different physical abilities or disabilities.

3. But all kinds of social differences are not based on accident of birth. Some of the differences are based on our choices. For example, some people are atheists. They don‟t
believe in God or any religion. Some people choose to follow a religion other than the one in which they were born.

10 Assess the Centre- State relations before and after 1990. 

Ans:

1. For a long time, the same party ruled both at the Centre and in most of the States. In those days, the Central Government would often misuse the Constitution to dismiss the State
governments that were controlled by rival parties. This undermined the spirit of federalism.

2. All this changed significantly after 1990. This period saw the rise of regional political parties in many States of the country. This was also the beginning of the era of COALITION GOVERNMENTS at the Centre.

3. Since no single party got a clear majority in the Lok Sabha, the major national parties had to enter into an alliance with many parties including several regional parties to form a
government at the Centre.

4. It led to a new culture of power sharing and respect for the autonomy of State Governments. This trend was supported by a major judgment of the Supreme Court that
made it difficult for the Central Government to dismiss state governments in an arbitrary manner.
(Assessed as a whole answer)

11 What is „transparency‟-How has this mechanism contributed to hold the Government accountable in democracy?

Ans:

1. If a citizen wants to know if a decision was taken through the correct procedures can find this out. She has the right and the means to examine the process of decision making. This is known as transparency.

2. When we are trying to find out the outcomes of democracy, it is right to expect democracy to produce a government that follows procedures and is accountable to the people

3. The democratic government develops mechanisms for citizens to hold the government accountable and mechanisms for citizens to take part in decision making whenever they
think fit.

4. If we wanted to measure democracies on the basis of this expected outcome, you would mlook for the following practices and institutions: regular, free and fair elections; open public debate on major policies and legislations; and citizens‟ right to information about the government and its functioning.

(Any other relevant point)

12 What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion?

Ans:

1. Per Capita Income / Average Income

2. While „averages‟ are useful for comparison, they also hide disparities.

3. Money in your pocket cannot buy everything

(Explain with examples) (Any other relevant points)

13 Why is the tertiary sector becoming so important in India? Explain any three reasons.

Ans:

1. In any country several services such as hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph services, police stations, courts, village administrative offices, municipal corporations, defence, transport, banks, insurance companies, etc. are required. These can be considered as basic services. In a developing country the government has to take responsibility for the provision of these services.

2. The development of agriculture and industry leads to the development of service such as transport, trade, storage and the like, as we have already seen.

3. Greater the development of the primary and secondary sectors more would be the demand for such services.

4. As income levels rise, certain sections of people start demanding many more services like eating out, tourism, shopping, private hospitals, private schools, professional training etc. You can see this change quite sharply in cities, especially in big cities.

5. Over the past decade or so, certain new services such as those based on information and communication technology have become important and essential. The production of these services has been rising rapidly. (Any three explained)

14 Write a brief account on WTO in the Globalization process.

Ans:

1. World Trade Organization (WTO) is one such organisation whose aim is to liberalise international trade. Started at the initiative of the developed countries, WTO establishes rules regarding international trade, and sees that these rules are obeyed.

2. Though WTO is supposed to allow free trade for all, in practice, it is seen that the developed countries have unfairly retained trade barriers. On the other hand, WTO rules have forced the developing countries to remove trade barriers.

3. As on July 2016, nearly 165 Countries of the world are currently members of the WTO.

15 Explain the three-tier quasi judicial machinery to redress the grievances of the consumers?

Ans:

1. Under COPRA, a three-tier quasi-judicial machinery at the district, state and national levels was set up for redressal of consumer disputes.

2. The district level court deals with the cases involving claims upto Rs 20 lakhs, the state level courts between Rs 20 lakhs and Rs 1 crore and the national level court deals with cases involving claims exceeding Rs 1 crore.

3. If a case is dismissed in district level court, the consumer can also appeal in state and then in National level courts. Thus, the Act has enabled us as consumers to have the right to represent in the consumer courts.
(Assessed as a whole)

16 Describe the causes of Great Depression in USA.

Ans:

1. In the nineteenth century, colonial India had become an exporter of agricultural goods and importer of manufactures. The depression immediately affected Indian trade. India‟s exports and imports nearly halved between 1928 and 1934.

2. As international prices crashed, prices in India also plunged between 1928 and Peasants and farmers suffered more than urban dwellers. Though agricultural prices fell sharply, the colonial government refused to reduce revenue demands. Peasants producing for the world market were the worst hit.

3. For example, jute producers of Bengal suffered as the raw jute that was processed in factories for export in the form of gunny bags crashed, as gunny exports collapsed, the price of raw jute crashed more than expected.

4. Across India, peasants‟ indebtedness increased. They used up their savings, mortgaged lands, and sold whatever jewellery and precious metals they had to meet their expenses. In these depression years, India became an exporter of precious metals, notably gold. The famous economist John Maynard Keynes thought that Indian gold exports promoted global
economic recovery.

5. The depression proved less grim for urban India. Because of falling prices, those with fixed incomes, town-dwelling landowners who received rents and middle-class salaried employees, now found themselves better off. (Any three points)
                                             OR
Why did industrialist in the 19th century in Europe prefer hand labour over machines?

Ans:

1. In Victorian Britain, the upper classes – the aristocrats and the bourgeoisie – preferred things produced by hand.

2. Handmade products came to symbolise refinement and class.

3. They were better finished, individually produced, and carefully designed. Machinemade goods were for export to the colonies.

                                           OR
Why well - off Landowners supported the need of building houses for the poor in the 19th century?

Ans:

1. First, the vast mass of one-room houses occupied by the poor were seen as a serious threat to public health: they were overcrowded, badly ventilated, and lacked sanitation.

2. Second, there were worries about fire hazards created by poor housing.

3. Third, there was a widespread fear of social disorder, especially after the Russian Revolution in 1917. Workers‟ mass housing schemes were planned to prevent the London poor from turning rebellious.

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