NCERT Solutions Class 4 Environmental Studies Chapter 12 Changing Times

Find out and write (Page 98)

Q.1. Talk to any of your grandparents or other elderly people. Find out, when she or he was 8-9 years old:

(i) Where did she or he live?

Ans. She lived in a hut in a village.

(ii) From what materials was her or his house made?

Ans. Bamboo, mud, wood, straw, etc.

(iii) Did she or he have a toilet in her or his house?

Ans. There was a separate kitchen.

(iv) A lot of mud was used when chetandas house was made. Why?

Ans. Mud helps to keep the house cool in summer and warm in winter.

A changing house (Page 99)

The people who used the toilets did not clean them. Discuss.

Ans. People who use the toilet do not clean it. They think it is a dirty job.

Q.2. Is there a toilet in your house? Who cleans it?

Ans. We have a toilet. We clean it ourselves.

Seeing New things (Page 101)

Q.1. What materials have been used in making your house?

Ans. Cement, sand, brick, tiles, wood, iron, rods, etc.

Q.2. Find out the materials form which your friend’s house is made? Is there anydifference? Write about it.

Ans. My friend’s house is made of cement, sand, brick, stone, marble, iron rod, wood etc. Their house has marble on the floor.

Q.3. What kind of house do you think chetandas grandchildren will live in?

Ans. They will live in cemented houses.

Page 102

Q.1. Where would you like to live when you grow up? What kind of house would you like?

Ans. I would like to live in my own native place. I would like to live in a pucca house.

Q.2. You had written about the things that your grandparent’s house was made of. Havesome of those materials been used in your house? Name them.

Ans. Yes. Wood is used in my house as well as in my grandpa’s house.

Q.3. In your place, what do you call a person who works with wood?

Ans. Carpenter.

Q.4. Now, look at the picture and fill in the table.

What kind of work are different people doing? What tools are they using?

Ans.

Page 103

Q.1. With your teacher or someone from home, go to a place where a building is beingconstructed. Talk to the people working there and find out answers to these questions.

(i) What is being built there?

Ans. A house.

(ii) How many people are working there?

Ans. About twenty.

(iii) What kinds of work are they doing?

Ans. Some people are mixing sand and cement. Some are carrying the mixture to another person. That person is placing bricks with the help of the mixture another person is cutting wood to make window frames, etc.

(iv) What kind of tools are they using?

Ans. They are using axe, drill, corni, spade, etc.

(v) How many men and women are there?

Ans. There are about 11 women and 9 men.

(vi) Are any children working there? What are they doing?

Ans. No.

(vii) How much money do these people get daily? Ask from any three different people.

Ans. 1. Carpenter – Rs. 200

2. Mason – Rs. 200

3. Helper – Rs. 100

(viii) Where do the people who work there live?

Ans. They live in tents near the building place.

(ix) What materials are being used for making the building?

Ans. Wood, cement, iron, rod, sand, brick, small stones, plastic, etc.

(x) Guess how many trucks of bricks and bags of cement will be used for making thebuilding?

Ans. Fifty bags of cement and 3 truck of bricks.

(xi) How does the material reach the building palce?

Ans. One bag of cement = Rs. 210

One brick = Rs. 3

One truck of sand = Rs. 4000

Ask a few other questions and write their answers.

(i) How much sand is mixed with cement?

Ans. Four bags of sand is mixed with one bag of cement.

(ii) Why is iron rod used?

Ans. It makes the building strong.

Q.2. In sixty years, different materials were used at different times in Chetandas house. List these in the correct order.

Ans.