CBSE Class 11 Informatics Practices Introduction To MySQL Notes

INTRODUCTION TO MYSQL

MySQL : It is an Open Source RDBMS Software that uses Structured Query Language . It is available free of cost.

Key Features of MySQL :

1. High Speed.

2. Ease of Use.

3. Available Free of Cost.

4. Supports standards based SQL.

5. Provides portability.

6. High Security.

7. Provides many data types.

8. Handles large database.

MySQL Data Types:

Every column (or data item) should belong to a unique domain (known as data type). These data types help to describe the kind of information a particular column holds. MySQL supports the ANSI SQL data types. Some of the commonly used data types along with their characteristics are as follows:

The Structured Query Language(SQL)

SQL (pronounced SEQUEL for Simple English Query Language) is Non-procedural universal data access language used to access and manipulate data stored in nearly all the data bases available currently. SQL standards are defined by ANSI (American National Standards Institute). SQL statements are used to retrieve and update data in a database. SQL works with database programs like MySQL, MS Access, DB2, Informix, MS SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, etc. Most of the SQL database programs also have their own proprietary extensions in addition to the SQL standard.

SQL Commands

SQL commands can be classified into the following:

Data Definition Language (DDL):

A database scheme is defined by set of definitions, which are expressed, by a special set of commands called Data Definition Language (DDL). They are used to create tables, databases, identify data items, provide unique names to the data items and to define the length and provide the range of values that each data item can assume. They are CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE and DROP TABLE commands.

Data Manipulation Language (DML):

The data manipulation language (DML) handles operations such as entering rows into a table, changing data, deleting rows, and extracting data from rows and tables. With DML, one does not change the table's structure, but rather its contents. It contains commands like INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. Transaction Control Language (TCL): A transaction is a one complete unit of work. A transaction is successfully completed in and only if all its constituent steps are successfully completed. To manage and control the transactions, the transaction control commands are used. e.g. COMMIT,ROLLBACK,SAVEPOINT.

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