CBSE Class 9 Social Science Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution MCQs Set 01

Answer: (b) 1917

Explanation:
1. The Russian Revolution took place in 1917: the February Revolution overthrew the Tsar and the October Revolution brought the Bolsheviks to power.

Teacher's Note:
1. Two revolutions took place in 1917, in February and October.
2. Both ended in the same year, so remember 1917 for the whole Russian Revolution.

Answer: (a) George Plekhanov

Explanation:
1. George Plekhanov, a follower of Karl Marx, formed the Russian Social Democratic Party in 1883.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plekhanov was a follower of Marx.
2. The party later split into Mensheviks and Bolsheviks.

Answer: (d) Tsar Nicholas II

Explanation:
1. Tsar Nicholas II ruled Russia in 1914 and was forced to abdicate in March 1917.

Teacher's Note:
1. He was the last Russian Tsar.
2. Rasputin was only an adviser, not a ruler.

Answer: (c) Lenin

Explanation:
1. Lenin led the Bolsheviks and was regarded as one of the great socialist revolutionaries after Marx and Engels.

Teacher's Note:
1. Marx and Engels were thinkers who lived earlier.
2. Lenin turned socialist ideas into a revolution in Russia.

Answer: (b) Soviet

Explanation:
1. Soviets were councils of workers' representatives, formed during the 1905 Revolution and playing a decisive role in 1917.

Teacher's Note:
1. Soviet means council in Russian.
2. The Petrograd Soviet was formed in February 1917.

Answer: (a) Rasputin

Explanation:
1. Poor advisers, especially the monk Rasputin, and the Tsarina's German origins made the Tsar's autocracy unpopular during the First World War.

Teacher's Note:
1. Do not confuse Rasputin with Father Gapon, who led the workers on Bloody Sunday.
2. Both names often appear in short-answer questions.

Answer: (d) Kerensky

Explanation:
1. After the Tsar abdicated, a Provisional Government was formed and Kerensky became its leader; the Bolsheviks overthrew it in October.

Teacher's Note:
1. Kerensky led the interim government.
2. Lenin overthrew it.

Answer: (c) Duma

Explanation:
1. The Duma was the elected body promised in the Tsar's October Manifesto of 1905.

Teacher's Note:
1. The Tsar dismissed the first Duma within 75 days.
2. The third Duma was packed with conservatives.

Answer: (b) Tsars

Explanation:
1. The Russian emperors were known as Tsars (also spelt Czars).

Teacher's Note:
1. The title comes from the Roman word Caesar.
2. Nicholas II was the last Tsar.

Answer: (a) Communism

Explanation:
1. In a communist system the means of production such as farms and industries are owned by the state.

Teacher's Note:
1. This idea comes from the writings of Marx and Engels.
2. Compare it with private ownership under capitalism.

Answer: (d) Russian Revolution

Explanation:
1. Discontent with the Tsar and the Provisional Government led to the Russian Revolution of 1917.

Teacher's Note:
1. The French Revolution took place in 1789.
2. The Russian Revolution created the world's first socialist state.

Answer: (c) bread

Explanation:
1. The slogan of the revolutionaries was 'Peace, Land and Bread', reflecting the end of war, land for peasants and an end to food shortages.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bread shortage triggered the February riots.
2. Peace meant the end of the First World War for Russia.

Answer: (b) Vladimir Lenin

Explanation:
1. Lenin led the Bolshevik party and the October Revolution.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bolsheviks were the majority group of socialists.
2. Lenin's real name was Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov.

Answer: (a) civil

Explanation:
1. The Russian Civil War (1917-20) was fought between the Red Army and the counter-revolutionary forces within Russia.

Teacher's Note:
1. A civil war is internal to a country.
2. The Red Army of workers and peasants won in 1920.