CBSE Class 9 Social Science Chapter 04 Early Humans And Beginning Of Civilisation MCQs Set 03

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Chapter 04 Early Humans And Beginning Of Civilisation

Navigate directly to the 50 objective questions for Chapter 04 Early Humans And Beginning Of Civilisation using the digital viewer below. Each practice set includes verified answer keys, allowing students to instantly cross-check their work and identify areas requiring further revision.

Question: What crops and animals were central to the farming economy at Mehrgarh, according to the chapter?
A. Wheat and barley, along with sheep, goats and zebu cattle
B. Rice and millets, along with pigs and buffaloes
C. Barley and pulses, along with horses and camels
D. Millets and pulses, along with elephants and cattle
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Wheat and barley, along with sheep, goats and zebu cattle

Explanation:
Mehrgarh's people grew wheat and barley and kept sheep, goats, and the humped zebu bull, making it India's earliest known agricultural village.

Question: The Chalcolithic period gets its name from which combination of technologies used together?
A. Iron tools alongside bronze weapons
B. Copper tools alongside stone tools
C. Bronze tools alongside pottery wheels
D. Copper tools alongside iron ploughs
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Copper tools alongside stone tools

Explanation:
Chalcolithic literally means the Copper and Stone Age, since people at this stage used copper objects side by side with traditional stone implements, before bronze or iron came into use.

Question: What technological development specifically marks the start of the Bronze Age as described in the chapter?
A. Learning to smelt iron ore for stronger weapons
B. Mixing copper and tin together to produce bronze
C. Domesticating animals for the first time
D. Inventing pictographic writing on seals
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Mixing copper and tin together to produce bronze

Explanation:
The chapter defines the Bronze Age by the invention of bronze metallurgy, achieved by alloying copper with tin, which also coincided with expanding trade and the growth of towns.

Question: Looking at the Harappan timeline in the chapter, which phase directly precedes the Mature Harappan stage?
A. Late Harappan
B. Neolithic
C. Early Harappan
D. Chalcolithic at Mehrgarh
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (C) Early Harappan

Explanation:
The timeline shows a continuous sequence of Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Early Harappan, Mature Harappan, and Late Harappan; the Early Harappan stage, with its regional pottery styles and early seals, directly leads into the urban Mature Harappan phase around 2600 BCE.

Question: What clever engineering feature allowed the site of Dholavira to conserve water within its boundaries?
A. A single deep well fed by underground springs
B. A network of dams and canals diverting stream water into interconnected tanks
C. Terracotta pipelines bringing water from the Indus river
D. Rainwater collected directly on rooftops through clay gutters
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) A network of dams and canals diverting stream water into interconnected tanks

Explanation:
At Dholavira, the Harappans diverted water from two nearby streams through dams and canals into a series of interlinked tanks, some cut into the bedrock itself, showing advanced water-harvesting skills.

Question: The huge dockyard discovered at Lothal is notable mainly because of what construction detail?
A. It was carved entirely out of natural rock
B. It was built entirely of burnt bricks
C. It used wooden beams imported from Mesopotamia
D. It was made of sun-dried mud bricks only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) It was built entirely of burnt bricks

Explanation:
The chapter mentions Lothal's dockyard as being constructed wholly of burnt bricks, calling it a marvel of Harappan architectural and water-management skill, comparable to Dholavira's tanks.

Question: Besides the temple itself, what else typically stood within the walled area surrounding a Sumerian ziggurat?
A. Marketplaces open to all citizens
B. Palaces and royal storehouses
C. Public schools for scribes
D. Cemeteries for common people
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Palaces and royal storehouses

Explanation:
A ziggurat's enclosure held more than worship space — palaces and royal storehouses stood around it too, with just one gateway, since the structure doubled as the city's treasury.

Question: Which northern Mesopotamian city gave its name to the civilisation that took over after the Akkadian empire declined around 2154 BCE?
A. Ur
B. Babylon
C. Akkad
D. Assur
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (D) Assur

Explanation:
The Assyrian civilisation was centred on the city-state of Assur in northern Mesopotamia; it quickly extended its dominance over neighbouring regions after Akkadian power collapsed.

Question: According to the chapter, on what condition could a Zhou dynasty ruler in China lose his position, despite being seen as heaven's chosen representative?
A. If he failed to defeat rival dynasties in battle
B. If his people did not prosper under his rule
C. If he refused to adopt bronze technology
D. If he could not read oracle bone inscriptions
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) If his people did not prosper under his rule

Explanation:
Zhou kings held a dual role as rulers and priests appointed by heaven, but this mandate was conditional — if the people did not prosper, the ruler could be removed, tying legitimacy directly to good governance.

Question: The chapter describes the Chinese script as 'logographic'. What does this term mean in context?
A. Each symbol stands for a single sound, like an alphabet
B. Each character represents a whole word or meaningful unit rather than a sound
C. The script could only be read from right to left
D. Every character had exactly the same number of strokes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Each character represents a whole word or meaningful unit rather than a sound

Explanation:
Unlike alphabetic scripts, logographic characters directly represent words or morphemes — the chapter gives the examples of the characters for 'person' and 'tree', which visually resemble what they mean.

Question: What occasion did the ancient Egyptian Sed festival specifically commemorate?
A. The annual flooding of the Nile
B. A pharaoh completing thirty years on the throne
C. The building of a new pyramid
D. The coronation of a new queen
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) A pharaoh completing thirty years on the throne

Explanation:
Held to mark a king's thirtieth year of rule, the Sed festival was one of several grand celebrations reflecting how deeply Egyptian culture revered both its gods and its living pharaoh.

Question: Which of these was NOT mentioned in the chapter as a leisure activity enjoyed by early Egyptians?
A. Swimming and canoeing
B. Playing board games
C. Music and dancing
D. Competitive chariot racing
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (D) Competitive chariot racing

Explanation:
The text lists swimming, canoeing, board games, and music and dancing as common pastimes, but chariot racing is not mentioned anywhere in the chapter's discussion of Egyptian life.

Question: What historical significance does the Qin dynasty hold in the chapter's account of Chinese history?
A. It introduced the earliest form of the oracle bone script
B. It was the first imperial dynasty and is thought to have given China its name
C. It built the first Neolithic settlements along the Yangtze
D. It introduced silk as a trade item along the Silk Route
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) It was the first imperial dynasty and is thought to have given China its name

Explanation:
The Qin (Ch'in) dynasty of the Iron Age unified the country and is credited as the source of the very name 'China' — a step beyond the earlier Shang and Zhou dynasties of the Bronze Age.

Question: Why does the chapter refer to the crescent-shaped foothill region of Mesopotamia as the 'fertile crescent'?
A. Because it was shaped like a crescent moon and had rich agricultural potential
B. Because it was the only irrigated region in the ancient world
C. Because it produced the first cuneiform tablets
D. Because it lay entirely along the banks of the Nile
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Because it was shaped like a crescent moon and had rich agricultural potential

Explanation:
Stretching from the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf along the Zagros and Taurus foothills, this curved belt of land supported highly productive farming, which is why it earned the name 'fertile crescent'.

Question: Who were the Hittites, as identified in the chapter?
A. A branch of the Sumerians who invented cuneiform
B. Indo-European people who built a powerful empire in Anatolia
C. Egyptian priests who guarded the pyramids
D. Chinese nomads who attacked the Great Wall
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Indo-European people who built a powerful empire in Anatolia

Explanation:
The chapter describes the Hittites as an Indo-European people who founded a strong empire in Anatolia, present-day Turkey, and notes their repeated attacks as one factor weakening Babylonian power.

Question: The chapter explains that the term 'australopithecines' comes from two root words. What do these roots mean?
A. Southern and primate
B. Handy and man
C. Upright and walker
D. Ancient and tool-user
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Southern and primate

Explanation:
The chapter breaks the word down for us: 'australis' means southern, and 'pithecus' refers to primates, together describing these early ancestors of modern humans.

Question: Based on the chapter, roughly when did early Homo sapiens themselves evolve in Africa before spreading across the globe?
A. About 3.3 million years ago
B. About 2 million years ago
C. About 300,000 years ago
D. About 12,000 years ago
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (C) About 300,000 years ago

Explanation:
The text places the emergence of early Homo sapiens in Africa at around 300,000 years ago, well after Homo erectus had already begun leaving the continent.

Question: In the chart tracing the shift to farming across world regions, the term 'sedentism' is used alongside pottery and livestock. What does this term indicate about early communities?
A. Their tools became sharper and smaller
B. They began living a settled life in one place rather than moving around
C. They started trading with distant civilisations
D. They developed a written script for record-keeping
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) They began living a settled life in one place rather than moving around

Explanation:
Sedentism refers to communities giving up a mobile lifestyle in favour of staying put in permanent settlements, a change closely tied to farming and animal keeping shown in the chapter's chart.

Question: Early Harappan bead-making evidence has been found at Harappa in Pakistan as well as at Kunal and Datrana. Why does the chapter treat this spread as important?
A. It proves that beads were only traded from Mesopotamia into the subcontinent
B. It shows that crafts developed gradually and continuously across regions before becoming standard Mature Harappan features
C. It confirms that the Harappan script originated from bead inscriptions
D. It shows that bead-making was unique to Baluchistan alone
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) It shows that crafts developed gradually and continuously across regions before becoming standard Mature Harappan features

Explanation:
Finding bead production at multiple, geographically separated Early Harappan sites supports the chapter's larger point that crafts like beadwork, pottery, and shell work evolved steadily over time, eventually becoming hallmark features once the civilisation matured.

Question: How does the chapter distinguish the tools made by Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers from those made by Neolithic farmers?
A. Hunter-gatherers used metal tools while farmers used only stone tools
B. Hunter-gatherers made tools mainly for obtaining food, while farmers made tools for producing and processing food
C. Hunter-gatherers had no tools at all, unlike farmers
D. Hunter-gatherers only made weapons, while farmers only made pottery
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Hunter-gatherers made tools mainly for obtaining food, while farmers made tools for producing and processing food

Explanation:
Procuring wild food required different implements than growing and processing crops, so the chapter notes this functional shift as tools moved from being used for hunting and gathering to supporting agriculture.

Question: What key point does the chart illustrating the spread of agriculture across West Africa, West Asia, India, and China mainly convey?
A. Farming began at the exact same time everywhere in the world
B. Every region adopted farming only after contact with Mesopotamia
C. The shift from foraging to farming happened at different times in different regions
D. Rice cultivation appeared before wheat cultivation everywhere
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (C) The shift from foraging to farming happened at different times in different regions

Explanation:
The chapter is explicit that this transition was not simultaneous across the globe; instead, each region—from West Africa to the Yangtze basin—moved toward agriculture at its own pace and timeline.

Question: According to the chapter, what fascinating find was made in an ancient Egyptian library dating to about 2000 BCE?
A. A jar containing the oldest known version of the story of 'Sindbad the Sailor'
B. The earliest surviving copy of the Code of Hammurabi
C. A collection of Sumerian cuneiform tablets
D. The original manuscript of the Epic of Gilgamesh
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) A jar containing the oldest known version of the story of 'Sindbad the Sailor'

Explanation:
Papyrus scrolls stored in labelled jars on library shelves included one holding the oldest surviving version of 'Sindbad the Sailor', alongside other stories resembling fables and even an early form of 'Cinderella'.

Question: Which ancient Greek writer is mentioned in the chapter as having visited and documented Egypt as far back as the 5th century BCE?
A. Herodotus
B. Champollion
C. Sargon
D. Hammurabi
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Herodotus

Explanation:
The chapter notes that Herodotus toured Egypt and recorded observations about it long before modern archaeology existed, showing how early Egypt's fame had already spread to the Greek world.

Question: The chapter credits Chinese civilisation with several firsts in economic history. Which of these is one of them?
A. Building the earliest system of dams and canals for irrigation
B. Introducing paper currency to the world
C. Inventing the wheeled cart
D. Compiling the earliest law code
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Introducing paper currency to the world

Explanation:
• China developed a metal-based medium of exchange under the Zhou dynasty
• A full money economy had emerged there by the 5th century BCE
• The chapter states China was the first country to introduce paper currency, and also pioneered selecting civil servants through public examinations

Question: The timeline of Egyptian civilisation given in the chapter divides its Bronze Age history into three major periods. What is their correct chronological order?
A. New Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, Old Kingdom
B. Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom
C. Middle Kingdom, Old Kingdom, New Kingdom
D. Old Kingdom, New Kingdom, Middle Kingdom
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (B) Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom

Explanation:
The timeline runs from the Old Kingdom (beginning around 2686 BCE), through the Middle Kingdom, and finally to the New Kingdom, which lasted until around 1069 BCE.

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