CBSE Class 10 Social Science Resources and Development Assignment Set 01

Answer: Resources are classified as renewable resources (such as solar energy, wind, water and forests) and non-renewable resources (such as minerals and fossil fuels).

Teacher's Note:
1. Renewable resources can be replenished by physical, chemical or mechanical processes.
2. Non-renewable resources take millions of years to form, so they are exhaustible.

Answer: Laterite soil.

Teacher's Note:
1. Laterite soil develops in areas of high temperature and heavy rainfall.
2. It is also suitable for tea and coffee when enriched with manure.

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi.

Teacher's Note:
1. This statement stresses the need for careful use of resources.
2. It is often quoted in the discussion of resource conservation.

Answer: (b) Regur soil. Black soil is formed from weathered lava and is also called regur soil.

Teacher's Note:
1. The regur soil is formed from weathered volcanic rock.
2. It is ideal for growing cotton.

Answer: (c) Potential resources. Resources not yet utilised are potential resources.

Teacher's Note:
1. Potential resources may be developed in the future if technology and capital are available.
2. Wind and solar energy in Rajasthan and Gujarat are good examples.

Answer: (c) Alluvial soil. The rivers of the northern plains deposit sediments that form alluvial soil.

Teacher's Note:
1. Alluvial soil is the most widespread soil of India.
2. It covers the entire northern plains.

Answer: 1. Indiscriminate use has led to depletion of resources to satisfy the greed of a few individuals.
2. Resources have accumulated in the hands of a few people, dividing society into two groups, the rich and the poor.
3. Indiscriminate exploitation has caused global ecological crises such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sustainable use of resources is the solution to these crises.
2. Always give the economic, social and ecological effects.

Answer: 1. Gases such as carbon dioxide released in one country add to global warming, which affects the climate of the entire world.
2. Chlorofluorocarbons released in one place damage the ozone layer, which protects the whole planet.
3. Polluted rivers, acid rain and air pollution cross state and national boundaries and affect people far from the source.

Teacher's Note:
1. Environmental problems need global cooperation to solve them.
2. The Rio Earth Summit of 1992 was an attempt at such cooperation.

Answer: Sustainable development means development should take place without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations.
It requires careful use of resources, conservation and equitable distribution.

Teacher's Note:
1. The idea was highlighted by the Brundtland Commission Report and the Rio Earth Summit of 1992.
2. Agenda 21 is the declaration signed there to achieve sustainable development.

Answer: 1. Resources are unevenly distributed: some states are rich in minerals but poor in infrastructure (Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh), others are rich in water but lack development (Arunachal Pradesh), and Rajasthan has solar and wind energy but little water.
2. Resources are limited and non-renewable ones will be exhausted, so careful use is needed.
3. Planning ensures balanced and equitable distribution of resources among regions and for future generations.

Teacher's Note:
1. India has diverse resources and diverse needs.
2. Resource planning is a widely accepted strategy for judicious use.

Answer: 1. Over-irrigation leads to waterlogging, which increases salinity and alkalinity in the soil, as in Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh.
2. Mining leaves deep scars and abandoned pits after the removal of minerals, as in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha.
3. Mining also causes deforestation and water and dust pollution.

Teacher's Note:
1. Both human activities reduce the fertility and usability of land.
2. Mention one area affected by each cause.

Answer: Black soil (regur soil) is ideal for cotton.
1. It is formed by the weathering of volcanic rock (lava flows) in the Deccan plateau.
2. It is made of fine clay, so it holds moisture for long and becomes sticky when wet.
3. It is rich in calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime, but poor in phosphoric content.

Teacher's Note:
1. Black soil is also known as regur soil.
2. Black soil is mainly found in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.

Answer: 1. Afforestation and proper management of grazing, so that the land is protected from overgrazing.
2. Planting of shelter belts of plants and stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes, especially in arid areas.
3. Proper management of waste lands, control of mining activities and treatment of industrial waste and effluents before discharge.

Teacher's Note:
1. Land degradation can be prevented by a combination of such measures.
2. Choose one step for the arid regions and one for industrial areas.

Answer: Resource planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources.
The three stages are:
1. Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country, which involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation.
2. Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set-up for implementing resource development plans.
3. Matching the resource development plans with the overall national development plans.

Teacher's Note:
1. Planning is especially important for a country with so many regional differences.
2. Remember the three stages in the order identification, planning structure, matching with national plans.

Answer: Alluvial soil is the most widespread and important soil of India.
1. It is formed by sediments deposited by the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers.
2. It varies in texture from sandy loam to clay.
3. It is rich in potash, phosphoric acid and lime, and is ideal for sugarcane, paddy and wheat.
4. It is of two types: the older alluvial (bhangar) with more kanker nodules and the newer alluvial (khadar), which is more fertile.

Teacher's Note:
1. Alluvial soil supports the densely populated northern plains.
2. The fertile Ganga-Brahmaputra plains are mostly made of alluvial soil.

Answer: Soil erosion is the removal of the soil cover by the action of running water, wind or glaciers, and the slow movement of soil downhill.
1. Gully erosion: running water cuts deep channels called gullies, making land unfit for cultivation; badlands or ravines, as in the Chambal basin.
2. Sheet erosion: water flows as a sheet over a large area on gentle slopes and washes away the top soil.
3. Wind erosion: wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land, especially in dry regions.

Teacher's Note:
1. Soil erosion is caused by both natural forces and human activities.
2. The ravines of the Chambal are the standard example of gully erosion.

Answer: 1. Contour ploughing: ploughing along the contour lines slows down the flow of water down the slopes.
2. Terrace farming: steps cut on the slopes restrict erosion; this is widely practised in western and central Himalayas.
3. Strip cropping: large fields are divided into strips, and strips of grass are left to grow between the crops to break the force of the wind.
4. Shelter belts: rows of trees are planted to check the wind movement and protect soil cover, particularly in coastal and dry regions.

Teacher's Note:
1. These methods work by slowing down the force of water and wind.
2. Terraces and contour ploughing are used on slopes; shelter belts in dry regions.

Answer: The land use categories are: forests; land not available for cultivation (barren, and land put to non-agricultural uses); other uncultivated land (permanent pastures, groves and culturable wasteland); fallow lands; and net sown area. Land use is determined by physical factors (relief, climate, soil) and human factors (population density, technology, culture).
The forest area has not increased much because:
1. Forests have been cleared for agriculture, industries, mining, roads and urban settlement.
2. Afforestation programmes have not been very effective.
3. Forest area is still below the 33 per cent recommended by the National Forest Policy.

Teacher's Note:
1. Land use data is collected by the Survey of India and the state revenue departments.
2. The share of net sown area is the largest, which shows the dependence on agriculture.

Answer: 1. Potential resources: found in a region but not yet utilised, such as the wind and solar energy of Rajasthan and Gujarat.
2. Developed resources: surveyed and their quality and quantity determined for utilisation.
3. Stock: materials which have the potential to satisfy human needs but humans lack the appropriate technology, such as water, which is made of hydrogen and oxygen.
4. Reserves: the subset of stock that can be put into use with the existing technical know-how but its use has not been started, such as river water in dams.

Teacher's Note:
1. The classification can change over time with technology.
2. Keep the four terms in order: potential, developed, stock and reserves.