CBSE Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries Important Questions Set 06

Important Questions

Question 1. Explain the importance of the manufacturing sector in the economic development of a country.
Answer:
Manufacturing industries help modernise agriculture, improving efficiencies in agricultural practices.
They reduce people's heavy dependence on agricultural income, through new jobs created in the secondary and tertiary sectors.
Industrial development helps eradicate unemployment and poverty; industries in underdeveloped areas also reduce regional disparity.
Export of high-quality manufactured goods expands trade and commerce faster and brings in much-needed foreign exchange — far better than exporting raw materials, as happened during the British era.
A country with a high level of manufacturing activity becomes prosperous.

Teacher's Note:
a) Manufacturing modernises agriculture and creates jobs beyond it.
b) Exporting finished goods (not raw materials) brings far more foreign exchange and prosperity.

Question 2. Why is the economic strength of a country measured by the development of manufacturing industries?
Answer:
Utilisation of natural resources: industrial development enables the use of a huge volume of natural resources in the country.
Balanced sectoral development: industrialisation reduces the economy's overdependence on agriculture, achieving balanced sectoral growth.
Enhanced capital formation: growing investment in industries raises the rate of capital formation in the country.
Increase in national income and foreign exchange: industries contribute a significant share of total national income.
Increase in job opportunities: manufacturing creates jobs for a large section of the population.
Development of industries also brings down regional economic and social disparities, as incomes rise and people from different social strata work together.

Teacher's Note:
a) Manufacturing drives resource use, capital formation, national income and jobs together.
b) This combined impact is why it's treated as a measure of a country's economic strength.

Question 3. Analyse the role of the chemical industry in the Indian economy.
Answer:
It contributes approximately 3% of India's GDP.
It is the third largest in Asia and occupies the sixth place in the world.
It consists of both large- and small-scale manufacturing units.
Rapid growth has been recorded in both the inorganic and organic sectors: organic chemicals include petrochemicals, used for making synthetic fibres, rubber, plastics and dyestuffs; inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid, fertilisers, synthetic fibres, plastics, adhesives and paints.
The chemical industry is its own largest consumer, through value addition.

Teacher's Note:
a) India's chemical industry ranks 3rd in Asia and 6th in the world.
b) It spans both organic (petrochemical-based) and inorganic chemical production.

Question 4. Explain the contribution of the textile industry to the Indian economy.
Answer:
The cotton textile industry forms the largest single industry in India.
Every year, the cotton textile industry produces 30-35% of the total industrial products in the country.
In a developing country like India, the cotton textile industry is very important, as it must meet domestic demand for clothes as well as supply exports.

Teacher's Note:
a) Cotton textiles are India's largest single industry, by output share.
b) It serves both the large domestic clothing market and exports.

Question 5. “Agriculture and Industry are complementary to each other.” Explain with five examples.
Answer:
Agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
Industries depend on agriculture for their raw materials.
Industries sell products such as irrigation pumps and fertilisers to farmers.
Industries have made agricultural production processes much more efficient.
Income generated by the industrial sector makes its workers richer, so they can afford more food; similarly, money in the hands of agricultural labourers lets them afford more manufactured goods.

Teacher's Note:
a) Agriculture supplies industry's raw material; industry supplies farmers with inputs and buys their labour's income back as demand.
b) This two-way dependency is why the two sectors are called complementary.

Question 6. Why is the 'least cost' known as the decision-making factor for the ideal location of an industry?
Answer:
The ideal location of an industry depends on many factors that combine to form the 'least cost' factor.
It includes important factors like distance from the raw material source, nearness to the market, and transport and communication facilities.

Teacher's Note:
a) 'Least cost' combines raw material distance, market proximity and transport access.
b) Industries locate where these combined costs are lowest.

Question 7. Which of the following cities has emerged as the 'electronic capital' of India: (a) Delhi (b) Mumbai (c) Bengaluru (d) Chennai?
Answer:
(c) Bengaluru — which has emerged as the 'electronic capital' of India.

Teacher's Note:
a) Bengaluru is known as India's electronic capital.
b) It hosts a concentration of electronics and IT-related manufacturing and services.

Question 8. Explain, with examples, how industries give a boost to the agriculture sector.
Answer:
The interdependence of agriculture and industries is based on many factors, such as adequate rainfall and good crop yields enabling the raw material supply that industries depend on.
Industries, in turn, supply farmers with inputs like irrigation pumps and fertilisers, raising agricultural productivity and efficiency.

Teacher's Note:
a) Industries supply the inputs (pumps, fertilisers) that raise farm productivity.
b) In turn, good harvests give industries a steady raw-material supply — a two-way relationship.