CBSE Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries Important Questions Set 05

Important Questions

Question 1. Explain, with examples, how industries give a boost to the agriculture sector.
Answer:
(1) Agro-based industries such as cotton, woollen, jute and edible oil get their raw materials from agriculture.
(2) In return, these industries sell products such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides and PVC pipes, among other things, to farmers.
(3) Agro-industries have given a boost to agriculture by raising its productivity and making production processes more efficient.

Teacher's Note:
a) This is a two-way relationship: agriculture supplies raw material, industry supplies farming inputs.
b) Cotton and jute textile industries are the standard examples to cite.

Question 2. ‘The sugar industry in India is facing challenges.’ Analyse the statement with suitable arguments.
Answer:
The sugar industry in India faces several challenges:
(1) The industry is seasonal, as it depends on sugarcane, an annual crop; workers are employed only for a short period.
(2) The machines and methods used for producing sugar from sugarcane are old and inefficient.
(3) Sugarcane, the raw material, is bulky, which increases transportation cost and difficulty.
(4) The sucrose content in sugarcane decreases with time, so delays in transport to factories result in losses.
(5) There is also the challenge of properly using sugarcane by-products, such as bagasse.

Teacher's Note:
a) Seasonality and bulky raw material are the two root causes behind most of the other problems listed.
b) Bagasse (the leftover fibre) is a specific by-product worth naming.

Question 3. Suggest some measures to prevent pollution caused by industries.
Answer:
(1) Modern equipment that can control aerosols should be installed.
(2) Fuels that cause minimum pollution should be preferred as a power source — for example, mineral oil instead of coal.
(3) Waste products and chemicals should be treated before being discharged into water.
(4) The working of machines should be checked regularly.

Teacher's Note:
a) These four measures target the two biggest industrial pollutants: air emissions and water discharge.
b) Pair this with the 'how do industries pollute' question below for a fuller picture.

Question 4. Explain the problems of the jute industry in India.
Answer:
The jute industry faces several problems:
(1) There is a shortage of good quality raw jute.
(2) There is strong competition from other countries (mainly Bangladesh) in international markets.
(3) The use of substitutes like paper, cloth and synthetic material is increasing, leading to a decline in demand for jute goods.
(4) Machinery is old and obsolete, so the cost of production is high.
(5) Sales promotion of jute products like carpets and packing material has not been done properly.

Teacher's Note:
a) Bangladesh is the named international competitor to remember.
b) This overlaps with the 'challenges faced by jute industry' question further down — revise together.

Question 5. Why is India not able to perform to its full potential in iron and steel production? Explain any three reasons.
Answer:
(1) Lower per-capita consumption of steel in India compared to developed countries, which limits domestic demand.
(2) High cost of production, due to irregular power supply, high transport costs and the high price of coking coal.
(3) Lack of adequate technological upgradation in many plants, compared to more efficient global competitors.

Teacher's Note:
a) This answer was corrected — the source's original answer was unclear and did not give proper reasons.
b) Cost, demand, and technology are the three practical angles to cover in this kind of question.

Question 6. ‘Agriculture and industry move hand in hand.’ Analyse the statement with three examples.
Answer:
Agriculture and industry in India are interdependent. For example:
(1) Agro-based industries in India have boosted agriculture by raising its productivity.
(2) Industries depend on agriculture for raw material — for example, the cotton textile industry depends on cotton-growing agriculture.
(3) Industries provide farmers with agricultural inputs like irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, PVC pipes, machinery and tools.
(4) Manufacturing industries have assisted agriculturists in increasing production and have made production processes more efficient.

Teacher's Note:
a) Same core idea as the 'industries boost agriculture' question above, framed as a two-way relationship here.
b) Cotton textiles is the standard named example linking agriculture and industry.

Question 7. How do industries pollute the environment? Explain with four examples.
Answer:
Industries create several types of pollution:
(1) Water pollution: industrial effluents, both organic and inorganic, are discharged into rivers. Coal, dyes, soaps, pesticides and fertilisers are common pollutants of water.
(2) Air pollution: smoke emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants, along with the burning of fossil fuels in factories, is a major cause of air pollution.
(3) Noise pollution: industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment and generators create noise that has harmful effects on human beings.
(4) Thermal pollution: caused by thermal plants; wastes from nuclear and thermal power plants can cause health problems, and dumping of thermal wastes makes soil useless.

Teacher's Note:
a) Four types of pollution: water, air, noise, thermal — one industry can cause several at once.
b) Pair this with the pollution-prevention measures question earlier in this set.

Question 8. Why is the iron and steel industry concentrated around the Chhota Nagpur plateau region?
Answer:
(1) This plateau is rich in iron ore reserves; Odisha, West Bengal and Jharkhand provide raw material for the industry.
(2) Coal, used as fuel, is another important input available in plenty in this region.
(3) A large population in this region means cheap labour is also available.
(4) The Damodar Valley Corporation provides power to these plants.
(5) Export and import facilities are provided by Kolkata port.
(6) Transportation facilities are also well developed in the region.
(7) The government has played a major role — steel plants such as Durgapur, Bokaro and Rourkela were set up in the region, some with foreign collaboration, in the early 1960s.

Teacher's Note:
a) Seven location factors — group them as raw material (iron, coal), labour, power, transport, and government policy.
b) Durgapur, Bokaro and Rourkela are the three named steel plants worth remembering.

Question 9. Why are jute mills concentrated along the Hugli river? Explain with reasons.
Answer:
(1) Proximity to jute-growing areas.
(2) The river provides the cheapest inland water transport.
(3) A good network of transport is available.
(4) Cheap labour is available.
(5) Plenty of water is available for processing jute.
(6) Kolkata, being a metropolitan city, provides a huge market along with banking and insurance facilities.
(7) Kolkata, being a major port, helps in the import of raw jute and export of jute goods.

Teacher's Note:
a) Kolkata's role as both a port and a metropolitan market is the standout reason to emphasise.
b) Water (for transport and processing) is the common thread linking several of these points.

Teacher's Note:
a) Joint sector = government + private partnership; co-operative = owned collectively by the people who supply raw material or labour.
b) Oil India Ltd. and Maharashtra's sugar co-operatives are the two named examples to remember.

Question 11. ‘Many of our spinners export cotton yarn while apparel manufacturers have to import fabric.’ Explain this statement with appropriate reasons.
Answer:
(1) In India, only the spinning sector has received a lot of attention and investment.
(2) The weaving, knitting and processing units have not been able to make full use of the high-quality yarn produced in the country.
(3) Modern factories need to be upgraded to use this high-quality yarn effectively.
(4) India needs to improve its weaving sector to be able to manufacture high-quality fabrics domestically.

Teacher's Note:
a) The core idea: India is strong in spinning (yarn) but weak in weaving (fabric) — an imbalance within the same industry.
b) This explains why India exports raw yarn but still imports finished fabric.

Question 12. Describe any five problems faced by the cotton textile industry in India.
Answer:
(1) A major problem is the industry's high fragmentation, dominated by small-scale companies.
(2) Productivity at many factories is estimated at half to as low as one-third of levels that could be achieved.
(3) Machinery is obsolete and needs to be upgraded, particularly in the weaving and processing sectors.
(4) There is stiff competition from the synthetic fibre industry, which is comparatively cheaper.
(5) Power supply is erratic.

Teacher's Note:
a) Fragmentation (many small firms) and outdated machinery are the two structural problems behind most others.
b) Synthetic fibre competition is a useful point to link to changing consumer preferences.

Question 13. Describe any three problems faced by the jute industry in India. (Or: highlight any three challenges faced by the jute industry.)
Answer:
(1) Stiff competition from Bangladesh, Brazil, the Philippines, Egypt and Thailand in the international market.
(2) Competition from synthetic fibre, which is cheaper.
(3) The need to diversify jute products in order to stimulate demand.
(4) Concerns about increasing productivity and improving the quality of jute products.

Teacher's Note:
a) Five named international competitors here — Bangladesh is the one most frequently cited.
b) This set shares several points with the 'problems of jute industry' question earlier — combine for a longer answer.

Question 14. Explain any four reasons for the rapid growth of the chemical industry in India.
Answer:
(1) Heavy inorganic chemicals, including sulphuric acid, are used for manufacturing fertilisers, synthetic fibres, plastics, paints and dyestuffs — giving the industry wide downstream demand.
(2) Nitric acid, alkalies and soda ash are used in manufacturing glass, paper, soap and detergents, further widening its base.
(3) Production of pesticides has contributed significantly to agriculture by controlling harmful insects and weeds, driving demand from the agricultural sector.
(4) Organic chemical industries are located near oil refineries and petrochemical plants, benefiting from easy access to raw materials.

Teacher's Note:
a) The chemical industry grows because it feeds many other industries — fertilisers, textiles, plastics, paper and more.
b) Locating near oil refineries is a classic example of industries clustering near their raw material source.

Question 15. Which location factors are responsible for concentrating iron and steel industries in the Chhota Nagpur plateau region?
Answer:
(1) Availability of high-grade iron ore from the Noamundi mines of West Singhbhum district, Jharkhand.
(2) Availability of power from the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), with coal mines in close proximity at Jharia and Raniganj.
(3) Manganese is obtained from the Keonjhar district in Odisha.
(4) Easy availability of limestone and dolomite from Sundargarh, Odisha.
(5) A well-developed network of transportation.
(6) Plenty of water for cooling purposes, available from the Damodar river and its tributaries.

Teacher's Note:
a) Specific named sources: Noamundi (iron ore), Jharia/Raniganj (coal), Keonjhar (manganese), Sundargarh (limestone).
b) This is the detailed version of the broader 'why concentrated in Chhota Nagpur' question earlier — use this one when the question asks for specific place names.

Question 16. ‘Agriculture and industry are complementary to each other.’ Explain with examples. (Or: agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other — support your answer.)
Answer:
Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other; they move hand in hand.
(1) Agro-based industries have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
(2) Agro-based industries depend on agriculture for raw materials; in turn, manufacturing industries sell products such as fertilisers, insecticides, irrigation pumps, PVC pipes, machines and tools to farmers.
(3) The development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only assisted agriculturists in increasing production, but has also made the production process more efficient.

Teacher's Note:
a) This is essentially the same two-way relationship covered in the first two questions of this set — use whichever phrasing matches the exact question asked.