CBSE Class 8 History Our Pasts The Making of The National Movement Worksheet Set 01

Question. What does RSS stand for? 
Answer: RSS stands for Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. 

Question. Who was Dinshaw Wacha? 
Answer: Dinshaw Wacha was a Moderate leader of the congress. 

Question. What does HSRA stand for? 
Answer: HSRA stand for Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. 

Question. When did the congress split and reunited? 
Answer: The Congress split in 1907 and reunited in December 1915. 

Question. Who were the three main leaders of Radical group? 
Answer: Bepin Chandra Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai.

Short Answer

Question. Who did the Indian National Congress wish to speak for? 
Answer: Indian National Congress is composed of the representatives, not of any one class or community of India but of all the different communities of India. So, Indian National Congress wished to speak for all the people of country. 

Question. Who was Lala Lajpat Rai? 
Answer: Lala Lajpat Rai was a nationalist from Punjab. He was one of the leading members of the Radical group which was critical of the politics of petitions. He was also an active member of the Arya Samaj. 

Question. Why did Mahatma Gandhi break the salt law? 
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi broke the salt law because according to this law, the state had a monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt. Mahatma Gandhi along with other nationalists reasoned that it was sinful to tax salt since it is such an essential item of our food. 

Question. What was government of India Act 1935? 
Answer: Government of India Act of 1935 prescribed provincial autonomy and the government announced elections to the provincial legislatures in 1937. The Congress formed the governments in 7 out of 11 provinces. 

Question. Why did the Muslim League decide to observe the Direct Action Day on August 1946? 
Answer: After the failure of the Cabinet Mission the Muslim League decided on mass agitation for winning its Pakistan demand. It announced 16 August 1946 as Direct Action Day to assert its demand for a separate homeland for Indian Muslims out of certain northwestern and eastern provinces in colonial India.

Long Answer

Question. Write a short note on Simon Commission? 
Answer: The Simon Commission was a group of 7 MPs from Britain who were sent to India in 1928 to study constitutional reforms and make recommendations to the government.
The Commission was originally named the Indian Statutory Commission. It came to be known as the Simon Commission after its chairman Sir John Simon. The Indian Statutory Commission, commonly referred to as the Simon Commission after its chairman Sir John Allsebrook Simon, was sent to India in 1928 (February - March and October 1928 - April 1929) to study potential constitutional reform. The Indians rejected the Simon Commission as it did not have even a single Indian member within its fold and hence could not be expected to represent or even take into account the concerns of the Indian populace. It was rejected by the Congress because its report was partial and inadequate. In Muslim league, there was a split of thought. Jinnah was for boycotting the commission; but Muhammad Shafi was for support for the Government. So, in 1927 Muslim league had two sessions One was led by Jinnah at Calcutta where he opposed the Commission.

Question. Explain the main objective of the extremist leadership? 
Answer: The main objective of the extremist leadership are:
1. Extremist leadership aim of getting swaraj, they wanted to end tyranny rule of
British.
2. Extremist leaders believe in militant methods.
3. Extremist leaders educate middle and lower middle classes in towns.
4. Extremist leaders spread national education.
5. Extremist leaders advocated democracy, constitutionalism and progress.
6. Extremist leaders demand swaraj.

Question. How did people participate in non-cooperation movement during 1921-22? 
Answer: The people participate in Non-Cooperation Movement gained momentum through 1921-22 as:
1. Thousands of students left government controlled schools and colleges.
2. Many lawyers such as Motilal Nehru, C.R. Das, C. Rajagopalachari and Asaf Ali  gave up their practices.
3. British titles were surrendered and legislatures boycotted.
4. People lit public bonfires of foreign cloth. The imports of foreign cloth fell drastically between 1920 and 1922.

Question. Difference between Moderates and Extremist Leadership of Congress? 
Answer: 1. Moderate leaders aimed at administrative and constitutional reforms whereas extremist leaders aimed of getting swaraj.
2. Moderate leaders wanted more Indians in the administration and not to an end of British rule whereas extremist leaders wanted to end the tyranny rule of British.
3. Moderate leaders believe in the efficacy of peaceful and constitutional agitation whereas extremist leaders were radical in their approach.
4. Moderate leaders follow the principles of 3P i.e., petition, prayer and protest whereas extremist leaders follow the principle of self-reliance as a weapon against domination.

Question. Write short note on Khilafat movement?
Answer: The Khilafat movement (1919-1924) was an agitation by Indian Muslims allied with Indian nationalism in the years following World War I. Its purpose was to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the war. Main causes for launching the Non-cooperation Movement were: The treatment meted out by the British government to the Caliph of Turkey disturbed the Indian Muslims as he was seen as their religious head. The Khilafat Movement took to South Asia under the leadership of the Ali brothers; Maulana Muhammad Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali. Under their leadership numerous Muslim Leaders. The Khilafat movement proved that Hindus and Muslims were two different nations as they could not continue the unity and could not live together. The Khilafat Movement created political consciousness among the Indian Muslims, which inspired them to constitute another movement for then Independence.